FR2541294A1 - Process for manufacturing friction materials - Google Patents
Process for manufacturing friction materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2541294A1 FR2541294A1 FR8302927A FR8302927A FR2541294A1 FR 2541294 A1 FR2541294 A1 FR 2541294A1 FR 8302927 A FR8302927 A FR 8302927A FR 8302927 A FR8302927 A FR 8302927A FR 2541294 A1 FR2541294 A1 FR 2541294A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- preform
- cold
- manufacturing
- elastomers
- percentage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006243 acrylic copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/021—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing containing asbestos
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé de fabrication de materiaux de friction, en particulier de pla- quettes de frein à disque pour les freins qui utilisent des pieces rigides, tels que les freins à disques pour véhicules automobiles, avions, véhicules ferroviaires, machines industrielles, etc. The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing friction materials, in particular disc brake pads for brakes which use rigid parts, such as disc brakes for motor vehicles, aircraft, rail vehicles, machines. industrial, etc.
Tous les matériaux de friction utilisés jusqu'à pré- sent comportent l'incorporation de constituants nocifs et dangereux à manipuler comme l'amiante, la silice, la poudre de plomb, la poudre de cuivre, le soufre, des solvants de type aliphatique ou alomatique, etc. All the friction materials used until now include the incorporation of harmful and dangerous components to handle such as asbestos, silica, lead powder, copper powder, sulfur, aliphatic solvents or alomatic, etc.
D'un autre côté ils exigent la préparation de solutions de caoutchouc ou de résines synthétiques dans des solvants appropriés destinées à agglomérer lesdits constituants. On the other hand, they require the preparation of solutions of rubber or synthetic resins in suitable solvents intended to agglomerate said constituents.
En outre, ils exigent de préparer le mélange en plu- sieurs opérations et avec des mélangeurs distincts, en raison du fait que les constituants possèdent des caractéristiques physiques différentes
En raison de l'utilisation de solvants volatils, la manipulation du mélange est difficile.In addition, they require the preparation of the mixture in several operations and with separate mixers, due to the fact that the constituents have different physical characteristics.
Due to the use of volatile solvents, handling of the mixture is difficult.
Le dosage est également difficile, du fait que la fabrication exige une forte pression de moulage, avec plusieurs opérations de compression & des températurés élevées, ainsi qu'un proccessus de durcissement à chaud qui est très coûteux. Dosing is also difficult, since the manufacturing requires a high molding pressure, with several compression operations & high temperatures, as well as a process of hot curing which is very expensive.
La fabrication exige l'utilisation en usine d'installations de captage des gaz et poudres nocives ou dangereuses a manipuler, ce qui entzaSne des frais considérables dinves- tissement de première installation. Les coûts de fabrication et la consommation d'énergie électrique et de combustible, les frais de personnel, etc., sont également très considérables. Manufacturing requires the use in the factory of capture systems for gases and powders which are harmful or dangerous to handle, which entails considerable investment costs for the first installation. The manufacturing costs and consumption of electrical energy and fuel, personnel costs, etc. are also very considerable.
C'est ainsi qu'un procédé classique comprend les opé- rations suivantes
1) Dosage de constituants (au nombre de 10 à 18);
2) Découpage du caoutchouc (éventuellement);
3) Tamisage de certains constituants
4) Broyage ae l'amiante
5) Préparation d'une dissolution de caoutchouc
6) Préparation d'un pré mélange
7) Préparation du mélange
8) Broyage du mélange
9) Dégraissage du support métallique
10) Grenaillage
11) Préparation de l'adhésif
2) Application
13) Préformage à froid
14) Séchage (éventuellement)
15) Compression à chaud
16) Polymérisation en moules en étuve
17) Usinage mécanique
18) Finition
19) Marquage.This is how a conventional process comprises the following operations
1) Determination of constituents (10 to 18 in number);
2) Cutting of the rubber (possibly);
3) Screening of certain constituents
4) Crushing with asbestos
5) Preparation of a rubber dissolution
6) Preparation of a premix
7) Preparation of the mixture
8) Grinding the mixture
9) Degreasing of the metal support
10) Shot blasting
11) Preparation of the adhesive
2) Application
13) Cold preforming
14) Drying (possibly)
15) Hot compression
16) Polymerization in molds in an oven
17) Mechanical machining
18) Finishing
19) Marking.
La Demanderesse se propose d'éviter les risques men tonnés et, en outre, d'abaisser considérablement le coût de l'ensemble du processus de fabrication. The Applicant proposes to avoid the risks mentioned and, furthermore, to considerably lower the cost of the entire manufacturing process.
L'invention a donc pour objet un procédé tel que des crit dans le brevet espagnol N 495 446 qui consiste en ce que, tout d abord, on prépare selon la formule appropriée la composition du matériau, qui ne contient aucun constituant nocif ni polluant, et, en particulier, aucun solvant, et qui contient comme agglomerant un agglomérant durcissant a' froid ;; on soumet la composition humidifiée à un moulage par compression à froid pour obtenir la préforme correspondante s ensuite, on traite ladite préforme dans des conditions normales de pression et de température (c'est-à-dire approximativement une atmosphère et la température ambiante) pour réaliser le durcissement de cette préforme au moyen de moules et d'outils appropriés, et finalement, on realise l'usinage mécanique de la pièce obtenue. The subject of the invention is therefore a process such as crit in Spanish patent N 495 446 which consists first of all in preparing the composition of the material according to the appropriate formula, which does not contain any harmful or polluting component, and, in particular, no solvent, and which contains as agglomerant a cold hardening agglomerate; the moistened composition is subjected to cold compression molding in order to obtain the corresponding preform s then, said preform is treated under normal conditions of pressure and temperature (that is to say approximately one atmosphere and room temperature) to hardening of this preform by means of suitable molds and tools, and finally, mechanical machining of the part obtained is carried out.
Avec ce procédé, on obtient des avantages considérables que l'on peut énumérer comme suit
1) On n'utilise aucun type de constituant qui soit nocif ou dangereux dans sa manipulation comme les constituants mentionnés plus haut.With this process, considerable advantages are obtained which can be listed as follows
1) No type of constituent is used which is harmful or dangerous in its handling like the constituents mentioned above.
2) Il n'est nécessaire de préparer aucune dissolution de caoutchouc ou de résines synthétiques dans des solvants appropriés. 2) It is not necessary to prepare any dissolution of rubber or synthetic resins in suitable solvents.
3) On prépare le mélange en une seule opération et avec un seul mélangeur puisque, maintenant, tous les constituants possèdent des caractéristiques physiques analogues
4) Du fait qu'on n'utilise pas de solvant volatil, le mélange peut être manipulé facilement.3) The mixture is prepared in a single operation and with a single mixer since, now, all the constituents have similar physical characteristics
4) Because no volatile solvent is used, the mixture can be easily handled.
5) Le dosage est tres facile puisqu'il s'agit d'un mélanye sous forme de poudre comprenant un nombre réduit de constituants. 5) The dosage is very easy since it is a melanye in powder form comprising a reduced number of constituents.
6) On utilise une faible pression de moulage
7) On réalise une seule compression à froid.6) Low molding pressure is used
7) A single cold compression is carried out.
8) On n'a besoin d'aucun processus de durcissement à chaud. 8) No hot curing process is needed.
9) Le processus de fabrication et les channes de fabrication correspondantes sont simplifiées. 9) The manufacturing process and the corresponding manufacturing lines are simplified.
10) Les installations de captage des gaz et poudres nocifs et dangereux à manipuler sont simplifiées ou éliminées en grande partie. 10) The installations for capturing harmful and dangerous gases and powders to be handled are simplified or largely eliminated.
11) Les coûts d'investissement de première installation sont réduits d'environ 50 %0
12) Les coûts de fabrication, en énergie électrique, combustible, personnel, etc. sont réduits dans des ordres de grandeur considérables.11) The initial installation investment costs are reduced by around 50% 0
12) Manufacturing costs, in electrical energy, fuel, personnel, etc. are reduced in considerable orders of magnitude.
13) Les matériaux obtenus possèdent des caractéris tiques supérieures ou au moins égales à celles des matières classiques actuellement connues. 13) The materials obtained have characteristics greater than or at least equal to those of conventional materials currently known.
Au total, en combinaison avec les avantages précités, l'abaissement des coûts permet de réaliser une économie de jusqu'à 60 %. In total, in combination with the aforementioned advantages, the lowering of the costs allows savings of up to 60%.
Pour mieux faire ressortir les avantages précités, on aonne ci-après un tableau synoptique dans lequel les phases du nouveau procédé sont comparées aux phases du procédé clas- sique. In order to bring out the aforementioned advantages more clearly, a synoptic table is given below in which the phases of the new process are compared with the phases of the conventional process.
PROCEDE DE FABRICATION
PHASES DU PROCEDE CLASSIQUE PHASES DU NOUVEAU PROCEDE
1) Dosage des constituants 1) Dosage des constituants
(10 à 18) (5 ou 6)
2) Découpage du caoutchouc
(éventuellement)
3) Traitement de certains
constituants
4) Broyage de l'amiante
5) Préparation d'une dissolu-
tlon de caoutchouc
6) Préparation du pré-mélange
7) Préparation du mélange 2) Préparation du mélange
8) Broyage du mélange
9) Dégraissage du support 3) Dégraissage ùu support
métallique métallique 10) Grenaillage 11) Préparation de l'encollage 12) Application A) Application de llencol-
lage 13) Préformage à froid 5) Préformage à froid 15) Compression à chaud 16) Polymérisation en moules 6) Mise en moules
en étuve 17) Usinage mécanique 7) Usinage mécanique 18) Finition 8) Finition 19) Marquage 9) Marquage
Dans le développement ultérieur de ce procédé, la
Demanderesse a constaté que
a) Le coefficient de friction ou de frottement des matières peut être augmenté de 50 70, en passant d'un coefficient moyen de 0,30 à un coefficient de 0,45. MANUFACTURING PROCESS
PHASES OF THE CLASSIC PROCESS PHASES OF THE NEW PROCESS
1) Determination of constituents 1) Determination of constituents
(10 to 18) (5 or 6)
2) Cutting the rubber
(eventually)
3) Treatment of some
constituents
4) Grinding of asbestos
5) Preparation of a dissolu-
rubber tlon
6) Preparation of the premix
7) Preparation of the mixture 2) Preparation of the mixture
8) Grinding the mixture
9) Degreasing of the support 3) Degreasing of the support
metallic metallic 10) Shot blasting 11) Preparation of gluing 12) Application A) Application of llencol-
13) Cold preforming 5) Cold preforming 15) Hot compression 16) Polymerization in molds 6) Putting in molds
in an oven 17) Mechanical machining 7) Mechanical machining 18) Finishing 8) Finishing 19) Marking 9) Marking
In the further development of this process, the
Applicant has found that
a) The coefficient of friction or friction of the materials can be increased by 50 70, passing from an average coefficient of 0.30 to a coefficient of 0.45.
Cette amélioration est obtenue en utilisant dans les compositions, en un pourcentage de 2 à 4 X, des substances comprises dans le groupe des élastomères, parmi lesquelles on peut mentionner, par exemple, le caoutchouc synthétique ou naturel, les hauts polymères ou copolymères acryliques, etc. This improvement is obtained by using in the compositions, in a percentage of 2 to 4 X, substances included in the group of elastomers, among which there may be mentioned, for example, synthetic or natural rubber, high acrylic polymers or copolymers, etc.
Par l'incorporation de ces substances, on parvient en outre à améliorer la plasticité des mélanges pendant leur manipulation, ainsi qùe l'élasticité des matières obtenues à partir de ces mélanges, en même temps qu'on les rend plus hy drophobes. By incorporating these substances, it also succeeds in improving the plasticity of the mixtures during their handling, as well as the elasticity of the materials obtained from these mixtures, while at the same time making them more hydrophobic.
b) On peut obtenir une amélioration de l'ordre de 200 S0 des propriétés d'usure et de résistance à l'abrasion des produits obtenus. Ceci se traduit par une plus longue du rée des matières et un abaissement du coût du mme ordre de grandeur. b) An improvement of the order of 200 SO can be obtained in the wear and abrasion resistance properties of the products obtained. This results in a longer material yield and a lowering of the cost of the same order of magnitude.
Ceci stobtient en introduisant dans les formules, en un pourcentage assez élevé, de 20 à 40 ffi ou plus de charges du type minéral telles que la terre de diatomées (Kieselguhr3s etc., qui sont çnéralement d'un coût plus élevé, ce qui abaisse considérablement le coût des compositions;
c) Par suite de l'utilisation des élastomères, on peut se dispenser de la phase de mise en moules à une certain ne pression, puisqu'on obtient une plus grande plasticité des mélanges et une plus grande élasticité pendant le temps de durcissement.This is achieved by introducing into the formulas, in a fairly high percentage, from 20 to 40 ffi or more of fillers of the mineral type such as diatomaceous earth (Kieselguhr3s etc., which are generally of higher cost, which lowers considerably the cost of the compositions;
c) As a result of the use of elastomers, the mold-setting phase can be dispensed with at a certain pressure, since greater plasticity of the mixtures and greater elasticity are obtained during the curing time.
A titre d'exemple de la formule préférée qui est utilisée dans le présent: procédé de fabrication perfectionné, on peut donner les doses qui figurent au tableau suivant
Constituante Pourcentage
Agglomérant (durcissant à froid) 20 à 40
Constituants métalliques (par exemple
limaille d'acier) 5 à 15 Graphite 2 à 6
Charges minérales (par exemple
terre de diatomées) 20 à 40
Elastomeres (par exemple caoutchouc
naturel ou synthétique) 2 à 4
Humidifiant 5 à 10 As an example of the preferred formula which is used in the present: improved manufacturing process, the doses given in the following table may be given.
Constituent Percent
Bonding agent (cold hardening) 20 to 40
Metallic components (for example
steel filings) 5 to 15 Graphite 2 to 6
Mineral fillers (e.g.
diatomaceous earth) 20 to 40
Elastomers (e.g. rubber
natural or synthetic) 2 to 4
Humidifier 5 to 10
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8302927A FR2541294A1 (en) | 1983-02-23 | 1983-02-23 | Process for manufacturing friction materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8302927A FR2541294A1 (en) | 1983-02-23 | 1983-02-23 | Process for manufacturing friction materials |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FR2541294A1 true FR2541294A1 (en) | 1984-08-24 |
Family
ID=9286187
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FR8302927A Withdrawn FR2541294A1 (en) | 1983-02-23 | 1983-02-23 | Process for manufacturing friction materials |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
FR (1) | FR2541294A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0823322A2 (en) * | 1996-07-31 | 1998-02-11 | PIRELLI CAVI E SISTEMI S.p.A. | Shed-formed profile insulating covering and manufacturing method thereof |
US6342679B1 (en) | 1996-07-31 | 2002-01-29 | Pirelli Cavi S.P.A. | Two-layered elastic tubular covering for electric components |
-
1983
- 1983-02-23 FR FR8302927A patent/FR2541294A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0823322A2 (en) * | 1996-07-31 | 1998-02-11 | PIRELLI CAVI E SISTEMI S.p.A. | Shed-formed profile insulating covering and manufacturing method thereof |
EP0823322A3 (en) * | 1996-07-31 | 1998-05-27 | PIRELLI CAVI E SISTEMI S.p.A. | Shed-formed profile insulating covering and manufacturing method thereof |
US6004416A (en) * | 1996-07-31 | 1999-12-21 | Pirelli Cavi S.P.A. | Shed-formed profile insulating covering and manufacturing method thereof |
US6342679B1 (en) | 1996-07-31 | 2002-01-29 | Pirelli Cavi S.P.A. | Two-layered elastic tubular covering for electric components |
US6576846B2 (en) | 1996-07-31 | 2003-06-10 | Pirelli Cavi S.P.A. | Two-layered elastic tubular covering for electric components, in particular terminations for electric cables, and related manufacturing method and mounting |
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