FR2540292A1 - ACCUMULATOR, IN PARTICULAR LEAD ACCUMULATOR - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an accumulator, in particular a lead-acid accumulator. In this accumulator consisting of a container 1 containing a set 2 of positive plates 3, a set 4 of negative plates 5 of two connection terminals 6, 7 extending outside the container and provided for the sets of nested plates. one inside the other in the container 1 filled with an electrolyte 8, the plates 6, 7 are arranged on the underside of the container. Application in particular to accumulator batteries. (CF DRAWING IN BOPI)

Description

The invention relates to an accumulator, in particular a lead accumulator,

  constituted by a container, by a set of positive plates disposed in the container and constitutes By several polar plates connected in parallel, by a set of negative plates arranged in the container and is constituted by several plates

  poles connected in parallel and by two terminals of

  cord protruding out of the container for the set of positive plates and for the set of negative plates, the polar plates of the two sets of plates being

  nested within each other, while the recital

  pient is also filled with a liquid electrolyte,

  especially aqueous sulfuric acid.

  Batteries have been known for a long time under the most diverse forms of

  have an overview, see "l Lexikon der Phy-

  sik ", volume 1, DTV, Munich 1970, page 68 and following).

  An accumulator is an electrochemical storage unit

  for storing electrical energy and which

  is based on at least approximately reversible electrochemical processes, especially on heterogeneous oxidation-reduction reactions. As in all electrochemical cells, the perfect functioning of a

  accumulator also depends on the fact that

  limit faces of the electrodes, which is referred to as

  me of polar plates or plates of p 8 the in the case of

  the accumulator, there is a conversion of the current

  In addition, the conductor of the ions, namely the electrolyte, must be free from any conduction of electrons.

  a small number of systems have emerged in

  tick, particularly the lead accumulator, which has been

  invented in the middle of the past century In addition to

  nickel oxide latters, referred to as

  alkali accumulators or accumulated accumulators

  In addition to silver and zinc batteries, air-cadmium accumulators and air-cadmium accumulators have been established in the industry.

  Although the present invention relates to a method of

  generally all types of accumulators, as a

  simplification, only the accumula-

lead driver.

  The fundamental technical structure of an accumu-

  The latour is known in detail from the above-mentioned literary article, so that reference can be made to it. Only with regard to the plate-plates, it should be noted that it is known from the In practice, different all-milk constructions, namely grinding plates, in which a paste-like active mass is inserted into a lead carrier grid, large-area plates, in which the active mass is produced. Electrolytic route from a soft lead casting electrode, and tube plates which consist of small perforated tubes made of plastic or hard rubber and in which the active mass is packed around a lead rod or hard lead as a core and

  of a current collection electrode.

  Accumulators, especially accumulators

  lead are relatively heavy because of the

  used, ie the storage capacity

  per unit weight, ie the specific yield

  in relation to weight, is a non-negligible

  With regard to this problem, the electrical losses involved in the construction of such accumulators and caused by the transformation of electrical energy

  in heat by high resistance of passage of the neck.

  play an important role A particular problem

  is the so-called problem of separation or disaggregation

  tion of the electrolyte mixture occurring during discharge of the accumulator and which is based on the fact that the density of the undiluted electrolyte in the fully charged accumulator casing is greater than the density of the diluted electrolyte obtained when the discharge of the accumulator (d = 1,2 1,3 relative to d = 1,03 1,1) is carried out. When discharging an accumulator, the layer of water increases more and more extending down into the upper part of the accumulator so that more and more extended areas of the polar plates

  are no longer the seat of operation, from the top.

  This disintegration of the mixture is further stabilized by the fact that the polar plates are becoming more and more

  from the bottom up because of the increase in

  current under the effect of current integration.

  This is why from a total point of view, in the accumula-

  known, the discharge resistance is always higher than

  than it should be theoretically.

  It is sometimes sought to prevent the disintegration, explained previously, of the electrolyte in very large accumulators by realizing a permanent circulation

  electrolyte from the bottom up through a pumping and-

  made by an external circulation pump This is

  there is of course a solution which is not very

as to the result obtained.

  From the state explained above of the technique, the invention aims to improve the performance

  specific, by weight, known accumulators.

  The accumulator according to the invention, in the

  the problem indicated above is solved, is

  characterized by the fact that the connection terminals are

  placed on the underside of the container.

  plates of plate plates are also placed, to a certain extent, "inverted" in the container, in the accumulator according to the invention, in that the current passing through the connection terminals is evacuated from the bottom and not, as was all-customary hitherto, upwards Naturally, this is valid, in the same way for the opposite direction of the current, when charging the accumulator according to the invention L invention is

  based on the fact that the warm-up explained previously

  polar plates under the effect of the current, which

  sent through them to the connection terminals

  can be used to act against the

  aggregation of the electrolyte mixture In the case of

  the construction according to the invention, the polar plates

  In this case, the highest density of the heat is heated to the lower part since this heat is transferred to the liquid electrolyte and ends up in this area.

  upward placement of the liquid electrolyte.

  What is therefore obtained is an intimate mixture of

  and permanent electrolyte which results in the polar plates remaining active throughout their surface in all cases Measurements revealed that in the case

  otherwise identical construction of an accumula-

  these provisions alone increase the storage capacity under the effect of a reduction in electrical losses and resistance.

  charging and discharging of about 6%.

  To give a complete indication, it is necessary to

  this place indicate that the provision in accordance with the

  connection terminals can be made judiciously in all types of accumulators, but that

  the connection terminals must not be natural-

  imperatively placed on the underside of the re-.

  container, but they may also be arranged, for example on the lower side edge

of the container.

  According to another teaching of the invention, which is also important in itself, it is

  recommended to use an embodiment of

  emulator of the type previously explained, which is

  owing to the fact that the polar plates have a cross section of current flow that increases

  from the opposite side of the connection terminals

  These constructions are based on the fact that this has already been

  explained above, the polar plates of accumula-

  the subject of which, not only do they have a

  electrochemical function, but also serve as

  current driver for the charging current at the well for the decnarge current Regardless of the manner in which the polar plates are detailed in detail, the teaching provided by the invention includes the constructive idea of increasing the passage cross section. or conduction of the current of the polar plates towards the connection terminals.

  Therefore, the invention takes into account the fact that the inten-

  current increases in the direction of

  as a result of the integration of the Confor-

  In accordance with the invention, the cross-sections of

  wise of the current are adapted to the increasing intensity

  This can be achieved by means of a modification

  cation of the total cross-section of the

  but it is preferable to modify only the inner cross-section of the passage of the current of the polar plates. An important consideration, which

  is related to the teaching provided by the invention

  explained earlier and explained that it is possible to

  instead of increasing the trans-

  polar plate current flow in the direction of the connection terminals, a reduction of

  the specific electrical resistance of the polar plates.

  This could be achieved for example by using

  sitionl of mattrià-r varying continuously in the direction of

connection terminals.

  According to another teaching of the invention which is of particular importance in itself, the polar plates of an accumulator of the type in question

  have a core made of a very good material

  conductor, especially copper, and possibly also 33 silver or the like The core formed of a very good conductor material can be covered or sealed with the material of the polar plates and preferably is realized

  in the form of a fence This teaching of the invention

  tion is based on the fact that the specific return,

  3.5 to the weight, not yet satisfactory of the known accumulators is also d) the bad conduot;

  materials used / the polar plates Thus, for example

  the specific conductivity of copper is equal to

  cup of the specific conductivity of lead Thanks to the

  provided by the invention, a combination of the materials used for the polar plates and

  necessarily used for reasons of

  trochemistry, with very good conductor materials and which are advantageous from an electrical point of view.

  case of a conventional lead-acid accumulator, it is possible to obtain

  in this way save about 1 L% in weight, for electrical characteristics and data.

otherwise identical.

  Other features and benefits of the

  present invention will emerge from the description given

  hereinafter, with reference to the appended drawing, which

  an example of how to make an accumulator

me to the invention.

  The accumulator shown in the figure is a lead accumulator and is constituted by a container or tank 1, by a set 2 of positive plates arranged

  in the container 1 and formed of several polish plates

  res 3 mounted in parallel, by a set of 4 plates

  in the container and consisting of several

  5 pole plates 5 mounted in parallel and

  two connecting terminals 6,7 protruding out

  container, positive plate assembly 2

  and the set of 4 negative plates The plates

  3.5 of the two sets of plates 2.4 are imbricated

  Recipent 1 is also filled with a liquid electrolyte 8, namely

  aqueous sulfuric acid This is indicated by a combination of

points.

  In the figure, we can also recognize

  bottom support prisms 9 arranged on the lower side

  container 1 and a cover 10 serving to fill

  wise, provided on the upper side of the container 1 For fixing the polar plates 3.5 in the container 1 it is also also provided in the upper part

  of the container 1, the support jacks 11.

  In the figure, it can be seen that the connection terminals 6, 7 are arranged on the underside of the container 1. It can not be seen in said figure that the pole plates 3, 5 have a cross-section of current flow which from the side opposite the connection terminals 6, 7 towards these terminals, the pole plates 3, 5 have a core made of a very good conducting material, namely copper. core made up of the very material

  good conductor is sealed with the material of the plates

  3.5, namely lead, in the exemplary embodiment shown.

  Thanks to the construction features

  previously, the accumulator shown in the figure has a specific efficiency based on the weight, which is improved by about 20% compared to the accumulators of a

  otherwise identical type, known until then.

Claims (5)

  1 accumulator, in particular lead accumulator,   consisting of a container (1), a set (2) of   poses arranged in the container and constituted by a plurality of polar plates (3) connected in parallel, by   a set (4) of negative plates disposed in the recess   pierced and constituted by a plurality of polar plates (5) connected in parallel and by two connection terminals (6, 7) protruding from the receptacle, for the set (2) of positive plates and for the set (4) of plates. negative, the polar plates (3,5) of the two sets of plates being nested within each other, while   that the container (1) is otherwise filled with an electro-   liquid lyte (8), in particular sulfuric acid with acids, characterized in that the connection terminals (6, 7) are   disposed on the underside of the container (1).   2 Accumulator, including lead accumulator,   constituted by a container (1), a set (2) de-pla-   poses arranged in the container and constituted by a plurality of polar plates (3) connected in parallel, by   a set (4) of negative plates disposed in the recess   pierced and constituted by a plurality of polar plates (5) connected in parallel and by two connection terminals (6, 7) protruding from the receptacle, for the set (2) of positive plates and for the set (4) of plates. negative, the polar plates (3,5) of the two sets of plates being nested within each other, while   that the container (1) is otherwise filled with electri-   liquid trolyte (8), in particular aqueous sulfuric acid, according to claim 1, characterized in that the polar plates (3,5) have a cross-section of current flow which increases from the side, which is remote from the horns connection (6,7) towards these connection terminals. 3 Accumulator, including lead accumulator,   consisting of a container (1), a set (2) of   poses arranged in the container and constituted by a plurality of polar plates (3) connected in parallel, by   a set (4) of plates N 6 gatives arranged in the r 6   container and constituted by a plurality of polar plates (5) connected in parallel and by two connecting terminals (6, 7) protruding from the container, for the set (2) of positive plates and for the assembly (4) of plates. negative, the polar plates (3,5) of the two sets of plates being interlocked with one another, while   that the container (1) is otherwise filled with an electro-   liquid lyte (8), in particular aqueous sulfuric acid,   in particular according to any one of claims 1 and   2, characterized in that the polar plates (3,5) possess   dent a core made of a very good conductor material   from the electrical point of view, especially copper.   4 Accumulator according to claim 3, characterized   ris 6 in that the core made of a mat 6 riau very good   conductor is covered or sealed with the mat 6 riau pla- polar issues (3,5).   5.Accumulator according to any of the claims   cations 3 and 4, characterized in that the core 6 made of a very good conductor material is made in the form of a grid.