FR2539518A1 - Optical wavelength splitter, especially for a fibre-optic multiplex transmission system - Google Patents
Optical wavelength splitter, especially for a fibre-optic multiplex transmission system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2539518A1 FR2539518A1 FR8300673A FR8300673A FR2539518A1 FR 2539518 A1 FR2539518 A1 FR 2539518A1 FR 8300673 A FR8300673 A FR 8300673A FR 8300673 A FR8300673 A FR 8300673A FR 2539518 A1 FR2539518 A1 FR 2539518A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- common
- selective
- face
- front face
- parallel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29346—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by wave or beam interference
- G02B6/29361—Interference filters, e.g. multilayer coatings, thin film filters, dichroic splitters or mirrors based on multilayers, WDM filters
- G02B6/29362—Serial cascade of filters or filtering operations, e.g. for a large number of channels
- G02B6/29365—Serial cascade of filters or filtering operations, e.g. for a large number of channels in a multireflection configuration, i.e. beam following a zigzag path between filters or filtering operations
- G02B6/29367—Zigzag path within a transparent optical block, e.g. filter deposited on an etalon, glass plate, wedge acting as a stable spacer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
- G02B6/2938—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM
Abstract
Description
Séparateur optique en longueurs d'ondes, notamment Pour système de transmission multiplex à fibres ontiques. Optical splitter in wavelengths, in particular For multiplex transmission system with ontic fibers.
L'invention concerne un séparateur optique en longueurs d'ondes. The invention relates to an optical wavelength separator.
Un tel séparateur permet de séparer un faisceau lumineux "commun" comportant plusieurs longueurs d'ondes en plusieurs faisceaux partiels distincts transportant chacun une seule longueur d'ondes. I1 permet tout aussi bien, par simple inversion du sens de propagation de la lumière, de combiner plusieurs faisceaux partiels de diverses longueurs d'ondes en un faisceau commun. Such a separator makes it possible to separate a "common" light beam comprising several wavelengths into several distinct partial beams, each transporting a single wavelength. It also makes it possible, by simple reversal of the direction of propagation of the light, to combine several partial beams of various wavelengths into a common beam.
On connait des dispositifs permettant une telle séparation ou combinaison : La lumière arrive sur une couche sélective généralement plane, qui est transparente pour une longueur d'onde et réfléchissante pour les autres. Cette propriété est obtenue par un traitement qui consiste à déposer sur un substrat transparent une succession de couches d'indices différents généralement alternés pour constituer un filtre interférentiel. L'épaisseur optique de la plupart des couches est choisie égale au quart de la longueur d'onde de la lumière à réfléchir, dans le matériau constituant la couche, ou supérieure à cette valeur dans le cas d'une incidence oblique. En bordure de groupes de telles couches du type quart d'onde sont disposées quelques couches du type demi-onde. We know devices allowing such a separation or combination: The light arrives on a generally planar selective layer, which is transparent for a wavelength and reflective for the others. This property is obtained by a treatment which consists in depositing on a transparent substrate a succession of layers of different indices generally alternated to constitute an interference filter. The optical thickness of most of the layers is chosen to be equal to a quarter of the wavelength of the light to be reflected in the material constituting the layer, or greater than this value in the case of an oblique incidence. At the edge of groups of such layers of the quarter-wave type are arranged a few layers of the half-wave type.
Un tel séparateur peut être surtout utilisé comme multiplexeur ou démultiplexeur dans un circuit de transmission à fibres optiques. Such a separator can especially be used as a multiplexer or demultiplexer in a fiber optic transmission circuit.
Un tel séparateur comporte, de manière connue, - une lame constituée d'un matériau transparent et présentant une face avant et une face arrière parallèles, - une zone "commune" de cette face avant permettant l'entrée de la lumière d'un faisceau "commun" issu d'un organe de couplage et présentant une succession de longueurs d'ondes, - une succession de zones sélectives étant formée sur ces faces parallèles par dépôt de couches minces pour constituer une succession de filtres interférentiels transmettant chacun l'une desdites longueurs d'ondes successives, respectivement, et réfléchissant les longueurs d'ondes précédentes, de manière à permettre la sortie d'un faisceau particulier présentant la longueur d'onde transmise et se propageant vers un organe de couplage particulier, - ces zones communes et sélectives étant disposées sur ces faces parallèles de manière que la lumière du faisceau commun présentant la dernière desdites longueurs d'ondes se réfléchisse intérieurement à ladite lame successivement sur toutes les zones sélectives sauf la dernière. Such a separator comprises, in known manner, - a blade made of a transparent material and having a front face and a rear face which are parallel, - a "common" zone of this front face allowing the entry of light from a beam "common" from a coupling member and having a succession of wavelengths, - a succession of selective zones being formed on these parallel faces by depositing thin layers to constitute a succession of interference filters each transmitting one of said successive wavelengths, respectively, and reflecting the previous wavelengths, so as to allow the exit of a particular beam having the transmitted wavelength and propagating towards a particular coupling member, - these common areas and selective being arranged on these parallel faces so that the light of the common beam having the last of said wavelengths is reflected internally to said blade successively on all selective areas except the last.
Les "organes de couplage" en question peuvent permettre le couplage à des fibres optiques, ou être constitués par des détecteurs ou des émetteurs de lumière. The "coupling members" in question may allow coupling to optical fibers, or be constituted by detectors or light emitters.
Un séparateur oonnu de ce type est décrit dans le brevet américain nO 4 244 045 (Nosu et autres). Quand on utilise ce séparateur les organes de couplage 40, 41, 112, 43, 44, 45 et 46 pour les faisceaux communs et les faisceaux particuliers doivent être disposés en regard des deux faces de la lame à faces parallèles 60 et avec trois orientations différentes, ce qui complique le montage optique nécessaire à cette utilisation. A known separator of this type is described in US Pat. No. 4,244,045 (Nosu and others). When this separator is used, the coupling members 40, 41, 112, 43, 44, 45 and 46 for the common beams and the particular beams must be arranged opposite the two faces of the blade with parallel faces 60 and with three different orientations. , which complicates the optical assembly necessary for this use.
La présente invention a pour but la réalisation d'un séparateur optique en longueurs d'ondes, facilitant le montage des organes de couplage associés au séparateur. The object of the present invention is to produce an optical splitter in wavelengths, facilitating the mounting of the coupling members associated with the splitter.
Le séparateur selon l'invention est caractérisé par le fait que - ladite face arrière est réfléchissante de manière non sélective, - lesdites zones sélectives étant toutes alignées sur ladite face avant avec la zone commune pour assurer le parallélisme de tous lesdits faisceaux particuliers et permettre de grouper en regard de cette face les organes de couplage pour tous ces faisceaux ainsi que pour le faisceau commun, - ladite zone commune étant disposée sur un bord de la face avant au voisinage d'une face latérale de ladite lame, cette face latérale étant utilisée en réflexion totale, donc non sélective spectralement, et perpendiculaire à la fois auxdites faces avant et arrière, et à l'alignement desdites zones sélectives, de manière à assurer le parallélisme des faisceaux particuliers au faisceau commun et à permettre d'orienter parallélement tous lesdits organes de couplage groupés en regard de la face avant. The separator according to the invention is characterized in that - said rear face is non-selective reflection, - said selective zones are all aligned on said front face with the common zone to ensure the parallelism of all said particular beams and allow group, opposite this face, the coupling members for all these beams as well as for the common beam, - said common area being arranged on an edge of the front face in the vicinity of a lateral face of said blade, this lateral face being used in total reflection, therefore spectrally non-selective, and perpendicular to both said front and rear faces, and to the alignment of said selective zones, so as to ensure the parallelism of the particular beams to the common beam and to allow all of said said to be oriented in parallel coupling members grouped opposite the front face.
A l'aide de la figure schématique unique ci-jointe on va décrire ci-après, à titre non limitatif, un mode de mise en oeuvre de l'invention. Il doit être compris que les éléments décrits et représentés peuvent, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, être remplacés par d'autres éléments assurant les mêmes fonctions techniques;
Cette figure représente une vue de coté d'un séparateur selon l'invention, et des organes de couplage avec lesquels il est utilisé.Using the single diagrammatic figure attached, a mode of implementation of the invention will be described below, without implied limitation. It should be understood that the elements described and shown can, without departing from the scope of the invention, be replaced by other elements ensuring the same technical functions;
This figure shows a side view of a separator according to the invention, and of the coupling members with which it is used.
Une lame 2 est constituée par une partie principale arrière 4 en verre à faces parallèles et par des blocs de verre à faces paralleles à celles de la partie arrière. Ces blocs sont collés sur la face avant de cette partie arrière. Ce sont un bloc "commun" C en saillie vers l'avant et des blocs "sélectifs" S1, S2, S3, 311 et S5 se succédant en alignement à partir du bloc commun C. A blade 2 is constituted by a rear main part 4 made of glass with parallel faces and by glass blocks with faces parallel to those of the rear part. These blocks are glued to the front face of this rear part. These are a "common" block C projecting forward and "selective" blocks S1, S2, S3, 311 and S5 succeeding one another in alignment from the common block C.
La face arrière 6 de la lame 2, c'est-à-dire celle de la partie arrière 11, est métallisée et a subi un traitement optique pour lui conférer un coefficient de réflexion voisin de 1% pour toutes les longueurs d'ondes utilisées (traitement de type métallique-diélectrique). The rear face 6 of the blade 2, that is to say that of the rear part 11, is metallized and has undergone an optical treatment to give it a reflection coefficient close to 1% for all the wavelengths used (treatment of metallic-dielectric type).
Les blocs sélectifs S1, S2....S5 ont reçu en face avant un dépôt multicouches transparent pour des longueurs d'ondes L1, L2,...L5 respectivement, et réflecteur pour les autres longueurs d'ondes. Ils présentent tous la même épaisseur de sorte que la face avant de la lame 2 présente une partie régulière constituée par les faces avant traitées de tous ces blocs, chacune de ces faces traitées constituant une dite zone sélective (Z, Z2,...Z5). La face avant de la lame 2 comporte d'autre part celle du bloc commun C qui est décalée vers l'avant et constitue ladite zone commune ZC. Une face latérale de ce bloc est en continuité avec une face latérale de la partie arrière 4 pour constituer ladite face latérale 8 de la lame 2. Cette face latérale est polie et perpendiculaire aux différentes zones de la face avant.Elle est de plus perpendiculaire au plan de la figure, selon lequel les diverses zones de la face avant se succèdent en alignement. The selective blocks S1, S2 .... S5 have received on the front face a transparent multilayer deposit for wavelengths L1, L2, ... L5 respectively, and reflector for the other wavelengths. They all have the same thickness so that the front face of the blade 2 has a regular part constituted by the treated front faces of all these blocks, each of these treated faces constituting a so-called selective zone (Z, Z2, ... Z5 ). The front face of the blade 2 further comprises that of the common block C which is offset forward and constitutes said common area ZC. A side face of this block is in continuity with a side face of the rear part 4 to form said side face 8 of the blade 2. This side face is polished and perpendicular to the different zones of the front face. It is moreover perpendicular to the plane of the figure, according to which the various zones of the front face follow one another in alignment.
C'est-à-dire que cet alignement apparait si on regarde selon une direction parallèle au plan de la figure et perpendiculaire aux faces avant et arrière de la lame 2.That is to say, this alignment appears if we look in a direction parallel to the plane of the figure and perpendicular to the front and rear faces of the blade 2.
Une fibre optique "de ligne" FC amène une lumière présentant les longueurs d'ondes L1, L2...L5. Cette lumière est collimatée- par un organe de couplage PO pour donner naissance à un faisceau aérien "commun" sensiblement parallèle qui pénètre dans la lame 2 par la zone commune ZC, presque perpendiculairement à cette zone, et se réfléchit sur la surface latérale 8 presque parallèlement à cette face. An optical fiber "line" FC brings a light having the wavelengths L1, L2 ... L5. This light is collimated by a coupling member PO to give rise to a substantially parallel "common" aerial beam which penetrates into the strip 2 through the common area ZC, almost perpendicular to this area, and is reflected on the lateral surface 8 almost parallel to this face.
La lumière se réfléchit ensuite une première fois sur la face arrière 6, puis sur la zone sélective Z1 sauf la seule longueur d'onde
L1 qui est transmise à l'extérieur vers un organe de couplage P1 qui l'injecte dans une fibre optique particulière F1. Le reste de la lumière est ensuite réfléchi une deuxième fois par la face arrière-6 puis par la zone sélective Z2, sauf la seule longueur d'ondes L2 qui est transmise à l'extérieur vers un organe de couplage P2 qui l'injecte dans une fibre optique particulière F2. Le processus se poursuit de la même manière avec une troisième, une quatrième et une cinquième réflexion sur la face arrière 6, des réflexions et transmissions partielles sur les zones Z3 et Z4, et une transmission totale par la zone Z5.The light is then reflected a first time on the rear face 6, then on the selective zone Z1 except the only wavelength
L1 which is transmitted to the outside to a coupling member P1 which injects it into a particular optical fiber F1. The rest of the light is then reflected a second time by the rear face-6 and then by the selective zone Z2, except the only wavelength L2 which is transmitted outside to a coupling member P2 which injects it into a particular optical fiber F2. The process continues in the same way with a third, a fourth and a fifth reflection on the rear face 6, partial reflections and transmissions on the zones Z3 and Z4, and a total transmission by the zone Z5.
La lumière des longueurs d'ondes L3, L4 et L5 est ainsi dirigée vers les organes de couplage P3, P11 et P5 et injectée dans les fibres particulières F3, F4 et F5. The light of the wavelengths L3, L4 and L5 is thus directed towards the coupling members P3, P11 and P5 and injected into the particular fibers F3, F4 and F5.
Le dépôt multicquche sur la zone Z5 n'est théoriquement pas nécessaire, mais il est souvent-souhaitable pour éviter l'introduction de lumière parasite dans la lame 2, dont les faces non utilisées portant un revêtement noir absorbant la lumière. The multi-layer deposition on the zone Z5 is theoretically not necessary, but it is often desirable to avoid the introduction of stray light into the strip 2, the unused faces of which carrying a black light-absorbing coating.
Les organes de couplage PO, Pi PS sont réalisés sous forme de lentilles par un moulage de précision sous la forme d'une barrette monolithique. The coupling elements PO, Pi PS are produced in the form of lenses by precision molding in the form of a monolithic bar.
Le montage optique d'utilisation du sélecteur se résume alors au réglage de la position de cette barrette. D'autres types d'organes de couplage, détecteurs ou émetteurs, pourraient de même être montés sur une barrette monolithique facilitant le montage optique. The optical assembly for using the selector then boils down to adjusting the position of this bar. Other types of coupling members, detectors or transmitters, could likewise be mounted on a monolithic strip facilitating optical mounting.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8300673A FR2539518A1 (en) | 1983-01-18 | 1983-01-18 | Optical wavelength splitter, especially for a fibre-optic multiplex transmission system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8300673A FR2539518A1 (en) | 1983-01-18 | 1983-01-18 | Optical wavelength splitter, especially for a fibre-optic multiplex transmission system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2539518A1 true FR2539518A1 (en) | 1984-07-20 |
| FR2539518B1 FR2539518B1 (en) | 1985-03-15 |
Family
ID=9285018
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8300673A Granted FR2539518A1 (en) | 1983-01-18 | 1983-01-18 | Optical wavelength splitter, especially for a fibre-optic multiplex transmission system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2539518A1 (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1004907A2 (en) * | 1998-11-24 | 2000-05-31 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Optical wavelength demultiplexer |
| WO2001002887A1 (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2001-01-11 | Blaze Network Products, Inc. | Optical wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer having preformed passively aligned optics |
| WO2001086329A2 (en) * | 2000-05-09 | 2001-11-15 | Blaze Network Products, Inc. | Cost-effective wavelength division multiplexer and demultiplexer |
| WO2002016987A1 (en) * | 2000-08-23 | 2002-02-28 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Optoelectronic assembly for multiplexing and/or demultiplexing optical signals |
| US6684010B1 (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2004-01-27 | Digital Optics Corp. | Wavelength compensated optical wavelength division coupler and associated methods |
| US7466502B2 (en) | 2005-12-07 | 2008-12-16 | Tessera North America, Inc. | Optical wavelength division coupler and associated methods |
| US7817883B2 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2010-10-19 | Tessera North America, Inc. | Optical assembly and method of making same |
| EP2856228A4 (en) * | 2012-05-24 | 2016-02-17 | Hewlett Packard Development Co | Fiber connector assembly |
| DE112005002497B4 (en) * | 2004-10-08 | 2021-06-10 | Broadcom International Pte. Ltd. | Wavelength division multiplexer architecture |
Citations (6)
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| US3501223A (en) * | 1965-11-23 | 1970-03-17 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Optical pulse generator |
| GB2014752A (en) * | 1978-01-31 | 1979-08-30 | Nippon Telegraph & Telephone | Element for use in optical multiplexer or de-multiplexer |
| DE3008029A1 (en) * | 1980-03-03 | 1981-09-10 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Multiplexer or demultiplexer optical element - has core with zigzag guide path between blocks carrying light guides or photodiodes |
| JPS5717907A (en) * | 1980-07-08 | 1982-01-29 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | Blanching mixer for optical transmission |
| JPS5774722A (en) * | 1980-10-28 | 1982-05-11 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Optical wavelength branching filter |
| US4362361A (en) * | 1980-09-15 | 1982-12-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Collimated beam manifold with the number of output beams variable at a given output angle |
-
1983
- 1983-01-18 FR FR8300673A patent/FR2539518A1/en active Granted
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3501223A (en) * | 1965-11-23 | 1970-03-17 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Optical pulse generator |
| GB2014752A (en) * | 1978-01-31 | 1979-08-30 | Nippon Telegraph & Telephone | Element for use in optical multiplexer or de-multiplexer |
| DE3008029A1 (en) * | 1980-03-03 | 1981-09-10 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Multiplexer or demultiplexer optical element - has core with zigzag guide path between blocks carrying light guides or photodiodes |
| JPS5717907A (en) * | 1980-07-08 | 1982-01-29 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | Blanching mixer for optical transmission |
| US4362361A (en) * | 1980-09-15 | 1982-12-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Collimated beam manifold with the number of output beams variable at a given output angle |
| JPS5774722A (en) * | 1980-10-28 | 1982-05-11 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Optical wavelength branching filter |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENTS ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 6, no. 156 (P-135) (1034), 17 août 1982 & JP - A - 57 74 722 (MITSUBISHI DENKI K.K.) (11-5-1982) * |
| PATENTS ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 6, no. 82 (P-116) (960), 20 mai 1982 & JP - A - 57 17 907 (NIPPON ITA GLASS K.K.) (29-1-1982) * |
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1004907A2 (en) * | 1998-11-24 | 2000-05-31 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Optical wavelength demultiplexer |
| EP1004907A3 (en) * | 1998-11-24 | 2002-07-17 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) | Optical wavelength demultiplexer |
| JP2003504661A (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2003-02-04 | ブレイズ、ネットワーク、プロダクツ、インコーポレーテッド | Optical wavelength division multiplexer / demultiplexer in which preformed optical components are passively aligned |
| WO2001002887A1 (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2001-01-11 | Blaze Network Products, Inc. | Optical wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer having preformed passively aligned optics |
| CN100472258C (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2009-03-25 | 布雷兹网络产品公司 | Optical wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer having preformed passively aligned optics |
| EP1210631B1 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2005-10-19 | Digital Optics Corporation | Wavelength compensated optical wavelength division coupler and associated methods |
| US6684010B1 (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2004-01-27 | Digital Optics Corp. | Wavelength compensated optical wavelength division coupler and associated methods |
| WO2001086329A3 (en) * | 2000-05-09 | 2002-07-18 | Blaze Network Products Inc | Cost-effective wavelength division multiplexer and demultiplexer |
| WO2001086329A2 (en) * | 2000-05-09 | 2001-11-15 | Blaze Network Products, Inc. | Cost-effective wavelength division multiplexer and demultiplexer |
| WO2002016987A1 (en) * | 2000-08-23 | 2002-02-28 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Optoelectronic assembly for multiplexing and/or demultiplexing optical signals |
| US7260328B2 (en) | 2000-08-23 | 2007-08-21 | Finisar Corporation | Optoelectronic assembly for multiplexing and/or demultiplexing optical signals |
| DE112005002497B4 (en) * | 2004-10-08 | 2021-06-10 | Broadcom International Pte. Ltd. | Wavelength division multiplexer architecture |
| US7817883B2 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2010-10-19 | Tessera North America, Inc. | Optical assembly and method of making same |
| US8532445B2 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2013-09-10 | Digitaloptics Corporation East | Optical assembly |
| US7466502B2 (en) | 2005-12-07 | 2008-12-16 | Tessera North America, Inc. | Optical wavelength division coupler and associated methods |
| EP2856228A4 (en) * | 2012-05-24 | 2016-02-17 | Hewlett Packard Development Co | Fiber connector assembly |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2539518B1 (en) | 1985-03-15 |
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