FR2518179A1 - Axial or diagonal flow hydro-electric pump-turbine unit - uses forward flow stabiliser of radial blades curved to direct flow towards axial section during pumping - Google Patents

Axial or diagonal flow hydro-electric pump-turbine unit - uses forward flow stabiliser of radial blades curved to direct flow towards axial section during pumping Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2518179A1
FR2518179A1 FR8123160A FR8123160A FR2518179A1 FR 2518179 A1 FR2518179 A1 FR 2518179A1 FR 8123160 A FR8123160 A FR 8123160A FR 8123160 A FR8123160 A FR 8123160A FR 2518179 A1 FR2518179 A1 FR 2518179A1
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France
Prior art keywords
flow
pump
axial
during pumping
stabiliser
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
FR8123160A
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French (fr)
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FR2518179B1 (en
Inventor
Henri Amblard
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Neyrpic SA
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Neyrpic SA
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Publication date
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Priority to FR8123160A priority Critical patent/FR2518179A1/en
Publication of FR2518179A1 publication Critical patent/FR2518179A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2518179B1 publication Critical patent/FR2518179B1/fr
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/10Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto characterised by having means for functioning alternatively as pumps or turbines
    • F03B3/103Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto characterised by having means for functioning alternatively as pumps or turbines the same wheel acting as turbine wheel and as pump wheel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20Hydro energy

Abstract

The pump-turbine unit has successively in the direction of flow during pumping, a turbine wheel, a flow distributor, and a forward flow distributor. The forward flow distributor is made up of a flow stabiliser comprising blades with a curved profile twisted to direct the flow in an axial direction during operation as a pump. The closer circumferential spacing of the blades leads to higher efficiency arising from reduced losses during pumping and the use of a ratio of blade separation to blade length in the order of 0.8 to 1.6, with a preferred range of 0.9 to 1.2, leads to further improvement in efficiency.

Description

La présente invention concerne une machine hydroelectrique axiale ou diagonale pouvant fonctionner indifféremment soit en turbine; soit en pompe, avec deux sens a'écoulement et de rotation inverses. The present invention relates to an axial or diagonal hydroelectric machine which can operate either as a turbine; either in pump, with two reverse flow and rotation directions.

Dans une turbine-pompe hydroélectrique classique, telle que la turbine-pompe axiale représentée schématiquement sur-la figure 1 an nexée, on rencontre, dans le sens de l'écoulement lorsqu'on fonctionne en pompe - la roue i généralement a pales orientables, - le distributeur 2 aubes généralement orientables dont le rôle est, lorsqu'on fonctionne en turbine, d'orienter correctement 18coulement en direction de la roue, - un élément 3 de support mécanique du corps 7 de la machine, composé de quelques ailettes plates et axiales, en général en nombre de quatre ou six, et généralement appele"avant-distributeur".  In a conventional hydroelectric pump-turbine, such as the axial pump-pump shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, attached, we meet, in the direction of flow when operating as a pump - the wheel i generally has orientable blades, - the distributor 2 generally orientable vanes whose role is, when operating in a turbine, to correctly orient the flow in the direction of the wheel, - an element 3 for mechanical support of the body 7 of the machine, composed of a few flat fins and axial, generally in number of four or six, and generally called "pre-distributor".

Pour ces machines classiques, le pas de la double grille de profils constituée par le distributeur 2 et l'avant-distributeur 3 a une valeur moyenne très importante, largement supérieur à l'unite(rap- pelons que le pas d'une grille de profils parallèles et identiques est égal au rapport de la distance séparant deux profils consécutifs, sur la longueur moyenne d'un des profils). For these conventional machines, the pitch of the double grid of profiles constituted by the distributor 2 and the front-distributor 3 has a very high average value, much greater than unity (remember that the pitch of a grid of parallel and identical profiles is equal to the ratio of the distance separating two consecutive profiles, on the average length of one of the profiles).

Ce pas très large ne permet pas, dans le cas du fonctionne ment en pompe, de transformer avec un bon rendement l'écoulement tournant issu de la roue en écoulement axial å la sortie de la machine. Ceci est du au fait que pour transformer, sans pertes de charge excessives, un écoulement tournant en écoulement axial, il est necessaire d'avoir un guidage très serré, ce qui nécessite pour la grille d'aubes utilisée, non seulement des angles bien adaptés, mais encore un pas moyen très petit. This very wide pitch does not allow, in the case of pump operation, to transform with good efficiency the rotating flow from the wheel into axial flow at the outlet of the machine. This is due to the fact that to transform, without excessive pressure losses, a rotating flow into an axial flow, it is necessary to have a very tight guide, which requires for the blade grid used, not only well-adapted angles. , but still a very small average step.

La turbine-pompe de l'invention permet le fonctionnement en pompe avec un rendement bien meilleur que dans le cas des machines actuellement connues. Elle est caractérisée en ce qu'elle est équipée d'un avant-distributeur constitué par un redresseur composé d'ail lettes a profil gauche et vrille de façon à diriger axialement l'é- coulement lors du fonctionnement en pompe, lesdites ailettes formant une grille de profils dont le pas est de l'ordre de l'unité. The pump-turbine of the invention allows pump operation with a much better yield than in the case of currently known machines. It is characterized in that it is equipped with a pre-distributor constituted by a rectifier composed of garlic blades with left profile and twists so as to axially direct the flow during pump operation, said fins forming a grid of profiles whose pitch is of the order of unity.

L'invention sera décrite plus en détails a l'aide de la description suivante de deux exemples de réalisation, en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels - la figure 1 est une vue latérale et schématique d'une turbine-pompe axiale de l'art antérieur, - la figure 2 est une vue latérale et schématique d'une turbine-pompe axiale conforme a l'invention, - la figure 3 est une coupe schématique selon la longueur moyenne aa' d'une des ailettes du redresseur équipant la turbine-pompe de la figure'2 ou de la figure 4, - la figure 4 est une vue latérale partielle et schématique d'une turbine-pompe diagonale conforme à l'invention
En se reportant tout d'abord aux figures 2 et 3, la turbinepompe de l'invention se différencie de celle de la figure 1 précédem- ment decrite en ce que 1 'avant-distributeur a profils plans y est remplacé par un redresseur 6 constitué d'ailettes formant une grille de profils au pas suffisamment serré, de l'ordre de l'unité, pour permettre, lors du fonctionnement en pompe, une transformation a rendement optimal de 1' écoulement tournant issu de la roue 1 en écoulement axial a la sortie de la machine.Ces ailettesprofilées ont par ailleurs, comme le montre la figure 3, une forme gauche et vrillée, obtenue de manière classique par le calcul et l'expérimentation comme cela se fait couramment pour les machines fonctionnant uniquement en pompe, de manière à obtenir le meilleur écoulement possible en fonction du point de fonctionnement" de la machine, dépendant en particulier du débit d'eau et de la hauteur de refoulement. Le pas du redresseur 6 est préferentiellement egal ou légèrement inferieur à un.A titre indicatif et nullement limitatif, on choisira, selon le cas, un pas pouvant varier par exemple entre 0,8 et 1,6, mais en général compris plutôt entre 0,9 et 1,2,ces valeurs n 'étant bien entendu pas strictement impératives pour la réalisation de l'invention.
The invention will be described in more detail using the following description of two exemplary embodiments, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which - Figure 1 is a side and schematic view of an axial pump turbine of the art previous, - Figure 2 is a side and schematic view of an axial turbine pump according to the invention, - Figure 3 is a schematic section along the average length aa 'of one of the fins of the rectifier equipping the turbine- pump of Figure'2 or of Figure 4, - Figure 4 is a partial and schematic side view of a diagonal pump turbine according to the invention
Referring firstly to FIGS. 2 and 3, the pump turbine of the invention differs from that of FIG. 1 previously described in that the pre-distributor with planar profiles is replaced there by a rectifier 6 made up fins forming a grid of profiles with a sufficiently tight pitch, of the order of a unit, to allow, during pump operation, an optimal yield transformation of the rotating flow coming from the wheel 1 into axial flow a The output of the machine. These profiled fins also have, as shown in FIG. 3, a left and twisted shape, obtained in a conventional manner by calculation and experimentation as is commonly done for machines operating only as a pump, from so as to obtain the best possible flow as a function of the operating point "of the machine, depending in particular on the water flow rate and the delivery height. The pitch of the rectifier 6 is preferably equal or slightly lower eur to a. As an indication and in no way limitative, a step may be chosen, which may vary for example between 0.8 and 1.6, but in general rather between 0.9 and 1.2, these values n 'being of course not strictly imperative for the realization of the invention.

L'invention s'applique egalement aux turbines-pompes de type diagonal, le caractère" diagonal" de telles machines étant, comme il est bien connu de l'homme de l'art, uniquement relatif aux posi tions diagonales de la roue 1 et du distributeur 2, et en consequence de l'écoulement. La figure 4 représente schématiquement une telle machine équipée, corne c'est le cas pour la machine axiale de la figure 2, d'un redresseur 6 constitué par une grille d'ailettes à forme vrillée tel que schématisé sur la figure 3, et dont le pas est également de l'ordre de l'unite.  The invention also applies to pump turbines of the diagonal type, the "diagonal" character of such machines being, as is well known to those skilled in the art, only relating to the diagonal positions of the wheel 1 and distributor 2, and as a consequence of the flow. FIG. 4 diagrammatically represents such a machine equipped, horn this is the case for the axial machine of FIG. 2, with a rectifier 6 constituted by a grid of fins with twisted shape as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 3, and of which the step is also of the order of unity.

L'invention s'applique particulièrement aux turbines-pompes de type axial ou diagonal équipant les usines marémotrices ou de pompage- turbinage sous basses chutes.  The invention applies particularly to pump turbines of the axial or diagonal type equipping tidal power plants or pump-turbines under low falls.

Claims (3)

REVENDICATIONS 1. Turbine-pompe hydroélectrique de type axial ou diagonal, du type comportant successivement, dans le sens de l'écoulement en pompe, une roue (t) i un distributeur(2), et un avant-distributeur (3) , caracterisée en ce qu'elle est équipée d'un avant-distributeur < 6) constitue par un- redresseur compose d'ailettes à profil gauche(figure 3) et vrillé de façon à diriger axialement l'écoulement lors du fonctionnement en pompe, lesdites ailettes formant une grille de profils dont le pas est de l'ordre de l'unité. 1. Hydroelectric pump-pump of axial or diagonal type, of the type comprising successively, in the direction of pump flow, a impeller (t) i a distributor (2), and a pre-distributor (3), characterized by what it is equipped with a pre-distributor <6) constitutes by a rectifier composed of fins with left profile (FIG. 3) and twisted so as to axially direct the flow during pump operation, said fins forming a grid of profiles whose pitch is of the order of unity. 2. Turbine-pompe selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le pas de ladite grille de profils (6) est compris entre 0,8 et 1,6. 2. Pump turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the pitch of said profile grid (6) is between 0.8 and 1.6. 3. Turbine-pompe selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que le pas de ladite grille de profils est compris entre 0,9 et 1,2.  3. Pump turbine according to claim 2, characterized in that the pitch of said grid of profiles is between 0.9 and 1.2.
FR8123160A 1981-12-11 1981-12-11 Axial or diagonal flow hydro-electric pump-turbine unit - uses forward flow stabiliser of radial blades curved to direct flow towards axial section during pumping Granted FR2518179A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8123160A FR2518179A1 (en) 1981-12-11 1981-12-11 Axial or diagonal flow hydro-electric pump-turbine unit - uses forward flow stabiliser of radial blades curved to direct flow towards axial section during pumping

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8123160A FR2518179A1 (en) 1981-12-11 1981-12-11 Axial or diagonal flow hydro-electric pump-turbine unit - uses forward flow stabiliser of radial blades curved to direct flow towards axial section during pumping

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FR2518179A1 true FR2518179A1 (en) 1983-06-17
FR2518179B1 FR2518179B1 (en) 1984-02-03

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0636787A1 (en) * 1993-07-28 1995-02-01 KSB Aktiengesellschaft Unidirectional pumpturbine

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB321541A (en) * 1928-08-27 1929-11-21 Thomas Thompson Improvements in and relating to water turbines
CH372217A (en) * 1959-11-03 1963-09-30 Sulzer Ag Turbo machine

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB321541A (en) * 1928-08-27 1929-11-21 Thomas Thompson Improvements in and relating to water turbines
CH372217A (en) * 1959-11-03 1963-09-30 Sulzer Ag Turbo machine

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0636787A1 (en) * 1993-07-28 1995-02-01 KSB Aktiengesellschaft Unidirectional pumpturbine

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