FR2517953A1 - Diaphanometer for optical examination of breast tissue structure - measures tissue transparency using two plates and optical fibre bundle cooperating with photoelectric cells - Google Patents

Diaphanometer for optical examination of breast tissue structure - measures tissue transparency using two plates and optical fibre bundle cooperating with photoelectric cells Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2517953A1
FR2517953A1 FR8123142A FR8123142A FR2517953A1 FR 2517953 A1 FR2517953 A1 FR 2517953A1 FR 8123142 A FR8123142 A FR 8123142A FR 8123142 A FR8123142 A FR 8123142A FR 2517953 A1 FR2517953 A1 FR 2517953A1
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Prior art keywords
plates
breast
light
plate
tissue
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FR8123142A
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French (fr)
Inventor
Claude Annonier
Gabriel Fazincani
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ALVAR ELECTRONIC
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ALVAR ELECTRONIC
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Priority to FR8123142A priority Critical patent/FR2517953A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • A61B5/0082—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence adapted for particular medical purposes
    • A61B5/0091—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence adapted for particular medical purposes for mammography
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/107—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/1079—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof using optical or photographic means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/43—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the reproductive systems
    • A61B5/4306—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the reproductive systems for evaluating the female reproductive systems, e.g. gynaecological evaluations
    • A61B5/4312—Breast evaluation or disorder diagnosis

Abstract

The appts. is intended for determining the tissue structure of the breast by measuring the transparency of mammary tissue to visible light. The appts. measures simultaneously the light intensity and the thickness of tissue traversed. One of two plates (1,2) can slide parallel to the other on guiding rods (8) with mounting bushes (14). The plates are set up on either side of the port of the breast which is to be examined. One plate called the emitter plate (1) has on its internal face one end of an optical fibre bundle (15) contained in a sheath (3), the other end being connected to a light source. The bundle lies along an axis (13) normal to the plate. At the point where this axis intersects the receiver plate (2) there is situated a photosensitive cell (12) connected by a cable (4) to a light intensity meter (5). Information from a linear potentiometer (9) is also transmitted along the cable. The two plates are connected to each other by bellows (10) and by a shutter (11) to make the appts. light-proof.

Description

L'invention a pour objet un appareil diaphanométrique a usage d'investigations de nature médicale et/ou chirurgicale destiné à être utilisé plus spécialement en matière d'investigation d'affections de nature sénologique. The subject of the invention is a diaphanometric device for use in medical and / or surgical investigations intended to be used more particularly in the investigation of diseases of a senological nature.

Toutefois, cet appareil peut comporter également des possibilités d'applications qui seront esquissées dans la suite de la description. However, this device may also include possibilities of applications which will be outlined in the following description.

Plus spécialement, l'appareil selon l'invention est dérivé de la technique médicale d'observations diaphanoscopiques utilisées notamment pour le dépistage des lésions du sein. More specifically, the apparatus according to the invention is derived from the medical technique of diaphanoscopic observations used in particular for screening for lesions of the breast.

Plus spécialement encore, il est destiné a déterminer la structure tissulaire du sein. More especially still, it is intended to determine the tissue structure of the breast.

Il doit être rappelé que la diaphanoscopie et les appareillages qui permettent de la réaliser ne permettent d'effectuer qu'une appréciation visuelle et subjective par le praticien et notamment ne permettent la constitution d'aucun document permanent, témoin de 1' examen, comme le sont les radiagraphies, les échographies ou les thermographies. It should be recalled that the diaphanoscopy and the apparatuses which make it possible only allow a visual and subjective assessment by the practitioner and in particular do not allow the constitution of any permanent document, witness of the examination, as the are x-rays, ultrasounds or thermographies.

Or il est évident que la détention de tels documents permanents est déterminante pour les comparaisons ultérieures qui peuvent avoir a être effectuées sur le même patient à raison de la même affection. However, it is obvious that the possession of such permanent documents is decisive for subsequent comparisons which may have to be made on the same patient for the same condition.

La pratique quotidienne des examens diaphanoscopiques met en relief le fait frappant de la grande variabilité d'un sujet à l'autre, de la transparence du tissu mammaire à la lumière visible. Par ailleurs, et de façon intrigante, il a été constaté une absence de corrélation entre cette transparence et d'autres éléments d'appréciation de la densité mammaire telle que la fermeté-à la palpation et l'opacité aux rayons
X.The daily practice of diaphanoscopic examinations highlights the striking fact of the great variability from one subject to another, of the transparency of the breast tissue in visible light. In addition, and in an intriguing way, it was found a lack of correlation between this transparency and other elements of appreciation of the breast density such as firmness on palpation and opacity to the rays
X.

Ceci conduit à concevoir l'hypothèse d'un lien direct et significatif entre la transparence du sein à à la lumière visible et le type de structure qui la constitue. Or, si le tissu adipeux se laisse traverser avec autant de facilité par la lumière visible et les rayons X, il n'en est pas de même des autres constituants,du sein: l'eau joue un rôle prédominant dans l'obsorption aux rayons X alors qu'elle est transparente à la lumière. En revanche, les structures cellulaires sont opaques à la lumière visible tandis qu' elles apparaissent difficilement sur les mammographies. This leads to conceive the hypothesis of a direct and significant link between the transparency of the breast to visible light and the type of structure that constitutes it. However, if the adipose tissue lets itself be traversed with as much ease by visible light and X-rays, it is not the same for the other constituents, of the breast: water plays a predominant role in the absorption with rays X while it is transparent to light. On the other hand, the cellular structures are opaque to visible light while they hardly appear on mammograms.

Quant à la fermeté globale du sein à la palpation, elle subit de grandes variations liées à des facteurs qui échappent en partie à l'analyse, parmi lesquels la charge hydrique joue un rôle plus ou moins important.As for the overall firmness of the breast on palpation, it undergoes great variations linked to factors which partially escape analysis, among which the water load plays a more or less important role.

De plus, il doit être constaté que l'estimation a l'oeil de la transparence du sein à la lumière est d'autant plus subjective que l'épaisseur de tissus traversée par cette lumière est très variable. In addition, it should be noted that the estimation by eye of the transparency of the breast to light is all the more subjective as the thickness of tissue traversed by this light is very variable.

Il en résulte que, pour réaliser des investigations précises permettant l'utilisation de documents permanents et significatifs d'un état donné des tissus a une époque déterminée, il convenait de mettre au point un appareillage permettant l'établissement de tels documents permanents traduisant ou fournissant des paramètres de la transparence du sein à la lumière, comme il vient d'être exposé. It follows that, to carry out precise investigations allowing the use of permanent and significant documents of a given state of the tissues at a given time, it was necessary to develop an apparatus allowing the establishment of such permanent documents translating or providing parameters of the transparency of the breast to light, as it has just been exposed.

C'est la raison pour laquelle, avec cet objet en vue , l'invention concerne un appareillage aménagé de manière à mesurer simultanément l'intensité lumineuse efférente et l'épaisseur traversée des tissus. This is the reason why, with this object in view, the invention relates to an apparatus arranged so as to simultaneously measure the efferent light intensity and the thickness passed through the fabrics.

Pour atteindre ce résultat, l'appareillage de mesure selon l'invention comporte deux plateaux parallèles destinés à être disposés de part et d'autre de la partie du sein que l'on se propose d'explorer, ces deux plateaux étant aménagés de manière a pouvoir être appliqués l'un et l'autre, toujours en position respectivement parallèle, contre ladite paroi du sein de manière que les éléments d'investigation qui vont être définis ci-après soient au contact de cette paroi. To achieve this result, the measuring apparatus according to the invention comprises two parallel plates intended to be arranged on either side of the part of the breast which it is proposed to explore, these two plates being arranged so can be applied one and the other, always in a respectively parallel position, against said breast wall so that the investigation elements which will be defined below are in contact with this wall.

Ces éléments d'investigation sont constitués, sur l'un des plateaux, qui sera désigné ci-après par 1' expression "plateau émetteur, par une source de lumière intense; cette source de lumière est, de préférence, constituée par l'extrémité d'un faisceau de fibres de verre, dites fibres optiques, qui la véhicule et l'intensité lumineuse est réglée de manière à n'occasionner aucune incommodité au patient pendant la durée de l'examen. These elements of investigation are constituted, on one of the plates, which will be designated below by the expression "emitting plate, by an intense light source; this light source is preferably constituted by the end a bundle of glass fibers, called optical fibers, which the vehicle and the light intensity is adjusted so as not to cause any inconvenience to the patient for the duration of the examination.

L'autre plateau, dit "plateau récepteur" porte, de préférence dans l'axe du#faisceau de fibres optiques, une cellule photosensible reliée à un élément d'affichage et/ou de calcul de l'intensité lumineuse reçue par ladite cellule. The other plate, called the "receiving plate" carries, preferably in the axis of the # bundle of optical fibers, a photosensitive cell connected to a display and / or calculation element of the light intensity received by said cell.

Les deux plateaux sont l'un et l'autre reliés par un dispositif aménagé de manière à calculer et afficher la distance entre ceux-ci. The two plates are each connected by a device arranged so as to calculate and display the distance between them.

La notation des deux éléments (intensité lumineuse efférente et distance séparant les deux plateaux), ainsi affichés sur l'appareil peut, après lecture de façon classique, être effectuée manuellement par le praticien. The notation of the two elements (efferent light intensity and distance separating the two plates), thus displayed on the device can, after reading in a conventional manner, be carried out manually by the practitioner.

Cependant, selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les éléments d'affichage sont reliés à un dispositif d'appréciation. Par ailleurs, l'appareillage peut être complété par un élément de calcul aménagé de manière à effectuer le rapport de mesure à une épaisseur type de tissus choisi et prédéterminé. However, according to another characteristic of the invention, the display elements are connected to an appraisal device. Furthermore, the apparatus can be supplemented by a calculation element arranged so as to carry out the measurement report at a typical thickness of tissue chosen and predetermined.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'appareillage selon l'invention, les deux plateaux sont reliés par des éléments d'étanchéité à la lumière, tels, par exemple, que des soufflets ou volets opaques aménagés de manière à permettre l'insertion du sein entre les dits plateaux.  According to another characteristic of the apparatus according to the invention, the two plates are connected by light-sealing elements, such as, for example, opaque bellows or flaps arranged so as to allow insertion of the breast between the so-called trays.

Encore selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, des moyens peuvent être aménagés au niveau de la source lumineuse de manière à réduire l'étendue du spectre de lumière émis ou encore d'effectuer le mixage de plusieurs bandes étroites de fréquences. According to yet another characteristic of the invention, means can be arranged at the level of the light source so as to reduce the extent of the spectrum of light emitted or to effect the mixing of several narrow frequency bands.

Il est connu qu'il a été démontré, notamment par les travaux du Dr LAMARQUE < MONTPELLIER) que les éponges végétales présentaient une texture qui peut être comparée à celle du sein, au moins dans le cadre de l'expérimentation en cause. It is known that it has been demonstrated, in particular by the work of Dr LAMARQUE <MONTPELLIER) that the vegetable sponges had a texture which can be compared to that of the breast, at least in the context of the experiment in question.

Il a été ainsi procédé à plusieurs expériences fondamentales à l'aide de telles éponges végétales. Several fundamental experiments were thus carried out using such vegetable sponges.

Dans une autre première expérience, une éponge à faces parallèles a été radiographiée deux fois dans des conditions techniques strictement identiques, une première fois à l'état sec puis une seconde fois après l'avoir imbibée d'eau; l'appareillage selon l'invention permet de démontrer, comme il l'avait été fait par le Dr. LAMARQUE, mais cette fois-ci de façon chiffrée avec précision que l'éponge imbibée d'eau est beaucoup plus transparente à la lumière visible, que l'éponge sèche et dans un rapport de 465à 50 (les unités n'ayant ici qu'une valeur relative). In another first experiment, a sponge with parallel faces was radiographed twice under strictly identical technical conditions, a first time in the dry state then a second time after having soaked it with water; the apparatus according to the invention makes it possible to demonstrate, as it had been done by Dr. LAMARQUE, but this time in a precise figure that the sponge soaked in water is much more transparent to visible light , that the sponge dries and in a ratio of 465 to 50 (the units having here only a relative value).

La seconde e#xpérience a été faite avec deux éponges végétales à faces parallèles strictement identiques d'une épaisseur de 18 mm. placées dans une boite de matière plastique contenant une hauteur d'eau constante de 40 mm. The second experiment was carried out with two vegetable sponges with strictly identical parallel faces, 18 mm thick. placed in a plastic box containing a constant water height of 40 mm.

Dans une première phase de l'expérience, une seule des deux éponges a été disposée dans la boite de ma tière plastique et les deux éponges ont été simultanément placées face à face, dans ladite boite, au cours de la seconde partie de l'expérience. L'on a pu alors constater que, pour une même épaisseur d'eau, la densité radiologique était pratiquement identique alors que, par contre, la diaphanométrie effectuée avec l'appareillage selon l'invention donnait un rapport de transparence de 138 avec une éponge, à 16 avec deux éponges. Cette expérience met particulière- ment en évidence le fait que la diaphanoscopie, notamment lorsqu'elle est effectuée avec l'appareillage selon l'invention, permet une meilleure appréciation quantitative des structures que l'analyse par les rayons X. In a first phase of the experiment, only one of the two sponges was placed in the box of my plastic material and the two sponges were simultaneously placed face to face, in said box, during the second part of the experiment. . It was then possible to observe that, for the same thickness of water, the radiological density was practically identical whereas, on the other hand, the diaphanometry carried out with the apparatus according to the invention gave a transparency ratio of 138 with a sponge , at 16 with two sponges. This experiment highlights in particular the fact that diaphanoscopy, in particular when it is carried out with the apparatus according to the invention, allows a better quantitative appreciation of the structures than analysis by X-rays.

L'expérimentation clinique effectuée sur un grand nombre de seins a montré qu'il convenait d'exprimer le résultat fourni par l'appareil, c'est-à-dire essentiellement la mesure de l'intensité lumineuse de sortie, en watt/m2, ce qui permet de définir le coefficient d'absorption, ce coefficient d'absorption étant calculable à partir de l'épaisseur de tissus mesurée. Clinical experimentation carried out on a large number of breasts has shown that it is advisable to express the result provided by the device, that is to say essentially the measurement of the output light intensity, in watt / m2. , which makes it possible to define the absorption coefficient, this absorption coefficient being calculable from the measured tissue thickness.

Ces expérimentations cliniques ont également établi que la gamme des valeurs de transparence ou de transmissibilité lumineuse pouvait s'établir entre des valeurs extrêmes très éloignées. Il est ainsi apparu que 11 appareillage selon l'invention permettait de déceler des différences très significatives d'un type de structure à l'autre. Par exemple, pour une épaisseur mesurée de 50 mm. la valeur du faisceau de sortie mesurée en watt/m2 va de 0,17 milliwatt/m2 pour une mastose sévère, précédemment identifiée par d'autres moyens, à 1,13 pour un syndrome fonctionnel d'une jeune femme. These clinical experiments have also established that the range of values of transparency or light transmissibility can be established between very distant extreme values. It thus appeared that 11 apparatus according to the invention made it possible to detect very significant differences from one type of structure to another. For example, for a measured thickness of 50 mm. the value of the output beam measured in watt / m2 ranges from 0.17 milliwatt / m2 for severe mastosis, previously identified by other means, to 1.13 for a functional syndrome of a young woman.

Les mêmes expérimentations cliniques ont établi que la diaphanométrie (c'est-à-dire la diaphanoscopie effectuée à l'aide d'un appareillage permettant d'en mesurer les paramètres) présentait une valeur indicatrice certaine de richesse cellulaire - un sein raciiotransparent est toujours transparent à la lumière, - un sein présentant radiologiquement un aspect de mastose, vraie fibro-nodulaire, est toujours fortement opaque à la lumière - un sein opaques la mammographie est tantôt transparent à la lumière (cas fréquent chez les jeunes femmes) tantôt opaque, évoquant une surcharge cellulaire. The same clinical experiments established that diaphanometry (that is to say diaphanoscopy carried out using an apparatus making it possible to measure the parameters) presented a certain indicator value of cellular richness - a raciiotransparent breast is always transparent to light, - a breast radiologically showing an aspect of mastosis, true fibro-nodular, is always strongly opaque to light - an opaque breast mammography is sometimes transparent to light (frequent case in young women) sometimes opaque, evoking a cell overload.

Or, l'appareillage de diaphanométrie selon l'invention présente l'intérêt d'être constitué par un matériel peu couteux et grâce auquel une mesure ne demande que quelques secondes et n'exige pas l'obscurité, ce qui permet d'effectuer à très peu de frais la sélection de structures mammaires à risque de cancer dans le cadre d'une opération de dépistage. However, the diaphanometry apparatus according to the invention has the advantage of being constituted by inexpensive material and by means of which a measurement requires only a few seconds and does not require darkness, which makes it possible to carry out very little cost the selection of breast structures at risk of cancer as part of a screening operation.

L'invention sera bien comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre faite en référence au dessin annexé dans lequel la figure unique est une vue schématique d'un appareil de diaphanométrie conforme aux définitions qui précèdent. The invention will be clearly understood on reading the description which follows, made with reference to the appended drawing in which the single figure is a schematic view of a diaphanometry apparatus in accordance with the preceding definitions.

Sur la figure unique, l'appareil de diaphanométrie comporte deux plateaux 1, 2, qui peuvent coulisser de façon parallèle sur des tiges de guidage 8. En principe et comme il est représenté sur la figure, les tiges 8 sont solidaires du plateau 1 et seul le#pla- teau 2 y est monté coulissant par les bagues de guidage 14. In the single figure, the diaphanometry apparatus comprises two plates 1, 2, which can slide in parallel on guide rods 8. In principle and as shown in the figure, the rods 8 are integral with the plate 1 and only the # plate 2 is mounted therein sliding by the guide rings 14.

Le plateau 1, ou plateau émetteur, porte à sa partie inférieure une arrivée 15 des fibres optiques contenues dans une gaine 3 reliée à une source de lumière qui n'a pas été représentée. The plate 1, or transmitter plate, carries at its lower part an inlet 15 of the optical fibers contained in a sheath 3 connected to a light source which has not been shown.

Le faisceau de fibres optiques débouche sur la face interne du plateau émetteur, de façon normale à ce dernier, selon un axe 13 qui a été représenté en traits mixtes à la figure. The bundle of optical fibers opens onto the internal face of the emitter plate, in a normal manner to the latter, along an axis 13 which has been shown in phantom in the figure.

A l'endroit ou l'axe 14 intersecte le plateau récepteur 2, celui-ci est muni d'une cellule photosensible 12, dont l'élément capteur est orienté en direction de l'arrivée 15 du faisceau de fibres optiques. La cellule photosensible est reliée à un élément d'affichage et de calcul de l'intensité lumineuse 6, dépendant d'un boitier de mesure désigné par la référence générale 5 et dans lequel est disposé un élément de calcul 7 aménagé de manière à afficher la distance séparant les deux plateaux.-Cet affichage est obtenu à partir d'un potentiomètre linéaire 9 qui traverse le plateau 3 par un ajour 9b convenable et est solidaire par son extrémité 9a du plateau émetteur 1, le curseur dudit potentiomètre, ici non représenté, est solidaire du plateau récepteur 2 et les informations qu'il fournit sont transmises par le faisceau de fils conducteurs 4 qui véhicule également les informations électriques reçues de la cellule photosensible 13 pour diriger ces dernières sur 1' élément d'affichage 6. At the point where the axis 14 intersects the receiving plate 2, the latter is provided with a photosensitive cell 12, the sensor element of which is oriented in the direction of the arrival 15 of the bundle of optical fibers. The photosensitive cell is connected to a display and light intensity calculation element 6, dependent on a measurement box designated by the general reference 5 and in which is arranged a calculation element 7 arranged so as to display the distance separating the two plates. This display is obtained from a linear potentiometer 9 which crosses the plate 3 by a suitable aperture 9b and is secured by its end 9a to the emitter plate 1, the cursor of said potentiometer, not shown here, is integral with the receiving plate 2 and the information which it provides is transmitted by the bundle of conductive wires 4 which also conveys the electrical information received from the photosensitive cell 13 to direct the latter on the display element 6.

L'appareillage est amené au dessus du sein de la pat ente, de manière le surmonter et à l'y introduire en S. The apparatus is brought above the breast of the pat ente, so as to overcome it and to introduce it there in S.

L'appareil comporte en outre, de part et d'autre des plateaux 1,2, des soufflets 10 étanches à la lumière et il est muni d'un volet également opaque 11 aménagé à sa partie supérieure et articulé dans l'exemple, sur le plateau 1. The apparatus further comprises, on either side of the plates 1, 2, light-tight bellows 10 and it is provided with an equally opaque flap 11 arranged at its upper part and articulated in the example, on tray 1.

Bien entendu, lors de la mise en place sur le sein de la patiente, les deux plateaux 1,2, sont préalablement disposés au voisinage de leur position d'écartement relatif extrême et ils sont ensuite rapprochés l'un de l'autre de manière que, comme il a été dit dans l'introduction, l'orifice d'arrivée 15 et l'élément capteur de la cellule photosensible 12 sont appliqués l'un et l'autre contre le sein de la patiente.  Of course, during the positioning on the breast of the patient, the two plates 1, 2, are previously arranged in the vicinity of their position of extreme relative spacing and they are then brought together so as to that, as it was said in the introduction, the inlet 15 and the sensor element of the photosensitive cell 12 are both applied against the breast of the patient.

Claims (1)

REVENDICATION  CLAIM Appareil à usage d'investigations de nature médicale et/ou chirurgicale destiné à être utilisé plus spécialement en matière d'investigation d'affections de nature sénologique et dérivé de la technique connue de l'observation diaphanoscopique utilisée notamment pour le dépistage des lésions du sein, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte deux plateaux parallèles destinés à être disposés de part et d'autre de la partie du sein que l'on se propose d'explorer, ces deux plateaux étant aménagés de manière à pouvoir être appliqués l'un et l'autre, toujours en position respectivement parallèle, contre--ladite paroi du sein de manière que les éléments d'investigation constitués sur l'un des plateaux, désigné ci-après par l'expres- sion "plateau émetteur", par une source de lumière intense de préférence constituée par l'extrémité d'un faisceau de fibres de verre, dites fibres optiques, convenablement relié à un émetteur lumineux, tandis que l'autre plateau, dit "plateau récepteur" porte de préférence dans l'axe du faisceau de fibres optiques, une cellule photose#nsible reliée à un élément d'affichage et/ou de calcul de l'intensité lumineuse reçue par ladite cellule, les deux plateaux étant l'un et l'autre reliés par un dispositif aménagé de manière à calculer et afficher la distance entre ceuxci et que les deux plateaux sont reliés par des éléments d'étanchéité à la lumière tels, par exemple, que des soufflets et/ou des volets opaques aménagés de manière à permettre l'insertion du sein entre les dits plateaux.  Apparatus for use in medical and / or surgical investigations intended to be used more particularly in the investigation of affections of a senological nature and derived from the known technique of diaphanoscopic observation used in particular for screening for breast lesions , characterized in that it comprises two parallel plates intended to be arranged on either side of the part of the breast which it is proposed to explore, these two plates being arranged so that they can be applied one and the other, still in respectively parallel position, against said wall of the breast so that the investigation elements constituted on one of the plates, hereinafter designated by the expression "transmitter plate", by an intense light source preferably constituted by the end of a bundle of glass fibers, called optical fibers, suitably connected to a light emitter, while the other plate, called "receiving plate" preferably carries in the axis of the fiber optic bundle, a photose # nsible cell connected to a display and / or calculation element of the light intensity received by said cell, the two plates being each connected by a device arranged so as to calculate and display the distance between them and that the two plates are connected by light-sealing elements such, for example, as bellows and / or opaque shutters arranged so as to allow the insertion of the breast between the said plates.
FR8123142A 1981-12-10 1981-12-10 Diaphanometer for optical examination of breast tissue structure - measures tissue transparency using two plates and optical fibre bundle cooperating with photoelectric cells Withdrawn FR2517953A1 (en)

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FR8123142A FR2517953A1 (en) 1981-12-10 1981-12-10 Diaphanometer for optical examination of breast tissue structure - measures tissue transparency using two plates and optical fibre bundle cooperating with photoelectric cells

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