FR2509911A1 - Anti-spillage cover for lead acid batteries - uses labyrinth filler for plug fitted to each cell to allow gas to escape but not electrolyte - Google Patents

Anti-spillage cover for lead acid batteries - uses labyrinth filler for plug fitted to each cell to allow gas to escape but not electrolyte Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2509911A1
FR2509911A1 FR8113971A FR8113971A FR2509911A1 FR 2509911 A1 FR2509911 A1 FR 2509911A1 FR 8113971 A FR8113971 A FR 8113971A FR 8113971 A FR8113971 A FR 8113971A FR 2509911 A1 FR2509911 A1 FR 2509911A1
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FR
France
Prior art keywords
cover
plugs
escape
battery
battery according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
FR8113971A
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French (fr)
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FR2509911B3 (en
Inventor
Juan Antonio Lopez-Doriga
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Exide Technologies SA
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Exide Technologies SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Exide Technologies SA filed Critical Exide Technologies SA
Priority to FR8113971A priority Critical patent/FR2509911A1/en
Publication of FR2509911A1 publication Critical patent/FR2509911A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2509911B3 publication Critical patent/FR2509911B3/fr
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/394—Gas-pervious parts or elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/52—Removing gases inside the secondary cell, e.g. by absorption
    • H01M10/523—Removing gases inside the secondary cell, e.g. by absorption by recombination on a catalytic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/308—Detachable arrangements, e.g. detachable vent plugs or plug systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)

Abstract

The battery has, at the top of each cell, a small hole (13) in the cover (1) to allow gases to escape, and, inside the cover (1), a labyrinth formed from a loose material packed into an enclosure which prevents the electrolyte escaping if the battery is inverted, while still permitting the passage of gas. The labyrinth enclosure may be integral with the top of the battery or may be incorp. into a button (4) which is either push fitted or screwed into the top of the battery casing (1). For a fitted labyrinth enclosure a top cover (8) is placed over the gas outlet hole. As an alternative a material capable of recombining the gases may be incorporated into the labyrinth enclosure. The arrangement is partic. intended for maintenance free batteries.

Description

La technique actuelle des accumulateurs électriques au plomb-acide s'oriente vers la réalisation de batteries sans entretien, auxquelles il n'est pas nécessaire d'ajouter de l'eau pendant toute la vie de la batterie d'accumulateurs et, par conséquent, vers la fabrication d'accumulateurs sans remplissage. The current technique of lead-acid electric accumulators is oriented towards the production of maintenance-free batteries, to which it is not necessary to add water during the entire life of the accumulator battery and, consequently, towards the manufacture of accumulators without filling.

On a principalement obtenu ce résultat en utilisant pour la fabrication des plaques des alliages spéciaux plomb calcium-étain, plomb-calcium-aluminium plomb-strontium-étain, etc. On peut espérer que, dans les prochaines années, on améliorera la fabrication et la qualité des plaques et que l'on pourra ainsi réussir à corriger certains des inconvénients que ces accumulateurs présentent actuellement, par exemple la faible adhérence de la pâte aux plaques, comparativement aux accumulateurs traditionnels. This result was mainly obtained by using special lead-tin-lead, lead-calcium-aluminum, lead-strontium-tin alloys for the manufacture of the plates. It is hoped that, in the coming years, the manufacture and the quality of the plates will be improved and that it will thus be possible to correct some of the disadvantages that these accumulators presently present, for example the low adhesion of the dough to the plates, compared to traditional accumulators.

Pour qu'un accumulateur soit exempt d'entretien et par conséquent, n1 exige pas de remise à niveau pendant toute sa durée utile, il convient d'éviter l'auto-décharge, la surcharge et la température de travail élevée. In order for an accumulator to be maintenance-free and therefore not to be refilled throughout its useful life, self-discharge, overcharging and high working temperature should be avoided.

Leauto-décharge se corrige en utilisant des alliages spéciaux tels que ceux qui ont été indiqués plus haut pour la fabrication des plaques. La surcharge s'élimine en réglant convenablement la tension de coupure du régulateur, que l'on doit faire colncider avec la tension finale de charge de l'accumulateur. La température ne pose généralement pas de problè- me dans les climats tempérés et avec les moteurs convenablement refroidis. Self-discharge is corrected by using special alloys such as those indicated above for the manufacture of the plates. The overload is eliminated by adjusting the cut-off voltage of the regulator appropriately, which must be made to coincide with the final charging voltage of the accumulator. Temperature is generally not a problem in temperate climates and with engines adequately cooled.

Cependant, on considère qu'il peut se produire à certains moments, un certain dégagement de gaz, même s'il existe dans l'accumulateur une matière capable de recombiner les gaz
H et O qui se dégagent aux électrodes. Les gaz doivent s'échapper à l'extérieur à travers un labyrinthe capable d'assurer efficacement la séparation des gouttelettes d'électrolyte et il est également approprié que les gaz traversent une plaque microporeuse de "Vyon" ou autre matière qui évite la formation d'une flamme à l'intérieur de 11 accumulateur. However, it is considered that there may occur at certain times, a certain evolution of gases, even if there exists in the accumulator a material capable of recombining the gases.
H and O which emerge at the electrodes. The gases must escape outside through a labyrinth capable of effectively ensuring the separation of the electrolyte droplets and it is also appropriate for the gases to pass through a microporous plate of "Vyon" or other material which prevents the formation of 'a flame inside 11 accumulator.

Si les gaz ne pouvaient pas s'échapper à ltextérieur, ils engendreraient une grande pression interne qui pourrait entraîner la rupture de ltenceinte à son point le plus faible, qui est généralement constitué par la soudure du couvercle au bac proprement dit, ou ltexpulsion du bouchon emmanchés à serrage ou encore la rupture du filetage dans le cas des bouchons vissés. If the gases could not escape inside, they would generate a great internal pressure which could cause the rupture of the enclosure at its weakest point, which is generally constituted by the welding of the cover to the tank itself, or the expulsion of the cap. tight fitting or broken thread in the case of screw caps.

La présente invention a pour but d'éviter qu'un accumulateur sans remise à niveau soit étanche et de permettre qu'il se produise une sortie de gaz sur chacun des éléments, soit directement, à travers un orifice du couvercle, soit à travers un orifice du bouchon, bien que le bouchon soit soudé ou qu'il possede à sa partie supérieure un opercule ou une plaque partiellement ou totalement soudée ou collée, au moins un canal permettant la sortie des gaz mais rendant l'accumulateur impossible à remplir du fait que les conduits de remplissage sont inaccessibles à l'utilisateur. The object of the present invention is to prevent an accumulator without refilling from being leaktight and to allow a gas outlet to occur on each of the elements, either directly, through an orifice in the cover, or through a orifice of the plug, although the plug is welded or has at its upper part a cover or a plate partially or totally welded or glued, at least one channel allowing the exit of gases but making the accumulator impossible to fill due to the fact that the filling pipes are inaccessible to the user.

Les couvercles de batteries de démarrage se fabriquent sous différentes formes mais toutes ces formes peuvent entre classées en deux types principaux qui fournissent les uns une batterie à couvercle plat et, les autres une batterie à bornes encastrées. Starter battery covers are manufactured in different forms but all these forms can be classified into two main types which provide a battery with a flat cover and the others a battery with built-in terminals.

Dans chacun de ces types, le couvercle peut comporter au moins une cuvette au fond de laquelle se trouvent des conduits de remplissage des éléments ou ne pas comporter cette cuvette. In each of these types, the cover may comprise at least one bowl at the bottom of which there are conduits for filling the elements or may not include this bowl.

Aussi bien dans un type que dans l'autre, les conduits de remplissage peuvent autre chanfreinés ou non chanfreinés et comporter des bouchons filetés ou des bouchons comprimés, les bouchons se trouvant dans une même plaque unique qui comporte tous les orifices de remplissage ou constituant des bouchons isolés, comprimés ou filetés, qui doivent être recouverts par un opercule ou une plaque solidaire du couvercle de façon à les rendre inaccessibles à l'utilisateur et à interdire ainsi le remplissage de l'accumulateur. Both in one type and in the other, the filling conduits can be chamfered or non-chamfered and include threaded plugs or compressed plugs, the plugs being in the same single plate which includes all the filling openings or constituting insulated caps, compressed or threaded, which must be covered by a cover or a plate integral with the cover so as to make them inaccessible to the user and thus prohibit the filling of the accumulator.

Les caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ap paraîtront d'ailleurs au cours de la description qui va suivre. The characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear moreover during the description which follows.

Aux dessins annexés, donnés uniquement à titre d'exemple,
- la Fig. 1 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un couvercle de batterie d'accumulateurs électriques qui comporte une cuvette au fond de laquelle sont fixés des tubes de remplissage fermés par des bouchons à serrage et #qui est scellée conformément à l'invention
- la Fig. 2 est une vue partielle en coupe transversale d'un couvercle de batterie dans lequel les têtes des bouchons, qui sont filetés, affleurent la surface du couvercle, ce couvercle étant scellé conformément à l'invention
- la Fig. 3 est une vue de la partie inférieure d'une plaque destinée à sceller les bouchons d'une batterie, suivant l'invention
- les Fig. 4 et 5 représentent des formes de réalisation de l'invention dans lesquels les orifices d'évacuation des gaz se trouvent dans le couvercle lui-même.In the accompanying drawings, given solely by way of example,
- Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a cover of an electric storage battery which comprises a bowl at the bottom of which are fixed filling tubes closed by clamping plugs and # which is sealed according to the invention
- Fig. 2 is a partial view in cross section of a battery cover in which the heads of the plugs, which are threaded, are flush with the surface of the cover, this cover being sealed in accordance with the invention
- Fig. 3 is a view of the lower part of a plate intended to seal the caps of a battery, according to the invention
- Figs. 4 and 5 show embodiments of the invention in which the gas discharge orifices are located in the cover itself.

En se reportant aux Fig. 1 et 2, on peut observer qu' un couvercle de batterie, désigné dans son ensemble par la référence 1, comporte des conduits de remplissage 2, qui,dans la forme de réalisation de la Fig. 1, se trouvent au fond d'une cuvette 3 et sont adaptés pour recevoir chacun un bouchon 4 emmanché à serrage dont l'intérieur est muni d'un labyrinthe qui laisse les gaz s'échapper tandis que, dans le mode de réalisation de la Fig.2, ces conduits 2 sont munis d'un filetage qui coopère avec le filetage d'un bouchon 4,. également équipé d'un labyrinthe d'échappement des gaz, dont la tête plate s'encastre dans une cavité 7 du couvercle 1, de sorte qu'il est de niveau avec la surface de ce couvercle. Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, it can be seen that a battery cover, designated as a whole by the reference 1, comprises filling conduits 2, which, in the embodiment of FIG. 1, are located at the bottom of a bowl 3 and are adapted to each receive a plug 4 tightly fitted, the interior of which is provided with a labyrinth which lets the gases escape while, in the embodiment of the Fig.2, these conduits 2 are provided with a thread which cooperates with the thread of a plug 4 ,. also equipped with a gas escape labyrinth, the flat head of which fits into a cavity 7 of the cover 1, so that it is level with the surface of this cover.

Dans un cas comme dans l'autre, les bouchons 4 sont recouverts d'une plaque ou d'un opercule 8 muni d'un dispositif pour l'échappement des gaz, entre le couvercle et ltoper- cule ou la plaque, ce dispositif étant représenté dans le cas considéré sous la forme d'une rainure ou canal 9, ce qui permet l'évacuation des gaz ayant traversé les labyrinthes des bouchons 4, tout en rendant les bouchons 4 inaccessibles pour l'utilisateur. In either case, the plugs 4 are covered with a plate or a cover 8 provided with a device for the escape of gases, between the cover and the operculum or the plate, this device being shown in the case considered in the form of a groove or channel 9, which allows the evacuation of gases having passed through the labyrinths of the plugs 4, while making the plugs 4 inaccessible to the user.

Lorsque les bouchons sont du type comprimé (Fig.l), ils peuvent éventuellement être collés a' l'opercule ou à la plaque 8. When the caps are of the compressed type (Fig.l), they can optionally be glued to the lid or to the plate 8.

Une autre solution qu'il est possible d'adopter pour empêcher l'usager d'avoir accès à l'intérieur des éléments consiste à coller les bouchons aux conduits de remplissage. Another solution which it is possible to adopt to prevent the user from having access to the interior of the elements consists in gluing the plugs to the filling conduits.

Sur la Fig. 3, est représentée une plaque qui est capable de recouvrir la totalité du couvercle, à l'exception des endroits ou se trouvent les bornes de la batterie, et dans laquelle le canal 9 qui recueille les gaz présente des ramifications 10 destinées à leur évacuation. Cette plaque est également munie de saillies 11 et de tubulures saillantes 12, les saillies étant destinées à faciliter la fixation de la plaque sur le couvercle, après un centrage effectué au moyen des tubulures. In Fig. 3, there is shown a plate which is capable of covering the entire cover, with the exception of the places where the terminals of the battery are located, and in which the channel 9 which collects the gases has ramifications 10 intended for their evacuation. This plate is also provided with projections 11 and projecting tubes 12, the projections being intended to facilitate the fixing of the plate on the cover, after centering carried out by means of the tubes.

Une autre solution, non représentée, consiste à coller une plaque plane munie de pinces de centrage de la plaque et de saillies servant à la souder au couvercle, en plus du canal correspondant, de telle sorte que les gaz ne rencontrent pas d'obstacle sur leur trajet d'échappement à l'extérieur. Another solution, not shown, consists in gluing a flat plate provided with clamps for centering the plate and projections serving to weld it to the cover, in addition to the corresponding channel, so that the gases do not encounter any obstacle on their escape route outside.

Naturellement, les canaux d'évacuation des gaz qui ont été représentés dans l'opercule ou dans la plaque peuvent également être prévus dans le couvercle ou dans le bouchon, auquel cas l'opercule ou la plaque est plat, bien qu'il soit toujours approprié que cet opercule ou que cette plaque possède un moyen de centrage.Naturally, the gas discharge channels which have been shown in the cover or in the plate can also be provided in the cover or in the cap, in which case the cover or the plate is flat, although it is always appropriate that this lid or that this plate has a centering means.

Enfin, les Fig. 4 et 5 représentent une autre variante qui consiste à prévoir dans le couvercle de la batterie un petit orifice 13 et à placer un labyrinthe 14 devant ce petit orifice, sur la face interne du couvercle.  Finally, Figs. 4 and 5 show another variant which consists in providing in the battery cover a small orifice 13 and in placing a labyrinth 14 in front of this small orifice, on the internal face of the cover.

Claims (7)

REVENDICATIONS 1 - Batterie d'accumulateurs électriques, plomb-acide, caractérisée en ce que, dans chacune des zones correspondant à un élément d'accumulateur, le couvercle (l)comporte au moins un orifice de petit diamètre (13) qui permet l'échappement des gaz et qui est précédé, sur sa face interne, d'un labyrinthe (14) laissant les gaz s'échapper tout en retenant l'électro- lyte et rendant les éléments impossibles à remplir puisque l'utilisateur ne peut pas avoir accès à l'intérieur de chacun d'eux. 1 - Electric storage battery, lead-acid, characterized in that, in each of the zones corresponding to an accumulator element, the cover (l) comprises at least one orifice of small diameter (13) which allows the escape gas and which is preceded, on its internal face, by a labyrinth (14) allowing the gases to escape while retaining the electrolyte and making the elements impossible to fill since the user cannot have access to inside each of them. 2 - Batterie suivant la revendication 1, comprenant des bouchons munis d'orifices et de labyrinthes pour le dégazage, caractérisée en ce que les bouchons (4) sont disposés de manière telle que l'utilisateur ne peut pas les ouvrir. 2 - Battery according to claim 1, comprising plugs provided with openings and labyrinths for degassing, characterized in that the plugs (4) are arranged in such a way that the user cannot open them. 3 - Batterie suivant la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que les bouchons (4) sont solidaires du couvercle (1). 3 - Battery according to claim 2, characterized in that the plugs (4) are integral with the cover (1). 4 - Batterie suivant la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que les bouchons (4) sont recouverts par une plaque (8) solidaire du couvercle, l'ensemble composé du couvercle et de la plaque comportant au moins un cardial (9) qui recueille les gaz sortant par les orifices des bouchons et les évacue à 1' extérieur. 4 - Battery according to claim 2, characterized in that the plugs (4) are covered by a plate (8) secured to the cover, the assembly consisting of the cover and the plate comprising at least one cardial (9) which collects the gas exiting through the plug holes and evacuating them to the outside. 5 - Batterie suivant la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que le couvercle (1) comporte des conduits de remplissage (2) qui présentent des élargissements (7) dans lesquels se logent les têtes (6) des bouchons (4), la surface de la tête des bouchons étant de niveau avec la surface du couvercle et la plaque (8) recouvrant au moins la surface définie par les têtes des bouchons. 5 - Battery according to claim 4, characterized in that the cover (1) comprises filling conduits (2) which have enlargements (7) in which are housed the heads (6) of the plugs (4), the surface of the head of the plugs being level with the surface of the cover and the plate (8) covering at least the surface defined by the heads of the plugs. 6 - Batterie suivant la revendication 4, comportant des bouchons emmanchés a serrage, caractérisée en ce que les plaques (8) sont solidaires des têtes (6) des bouchons (4). 6 - Battery according to claim 4, comprising plugs fitted with clamping, characterized in that the plates (8) are integral with the heads (6) of the plugs (4). 7 - Batterie suivant l'une des revendications 1 â 7, caractérisée en ce que chaque élément comporte un dispositif contenant une matière capable de recombiner les gaz qui se sont dégagés sur les électrodes.  7 - Battery according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that each element comprises a device containing a material capable of recombining the gases which are released on the electrodes.
FR8113971A 1981-07-17 1981-07-17 Anti-spillage cover for lead acid batteries - uses labyrinth filler for plug fitted to each cell to allow gas to escape but not electrolyte Granted FR2509911A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8113971A FR2509911A1 (en) 1981-07-17 1981-07-17 Anti-spillage cover for lead acid batteries - uses labyrinth filler for plug fitted to each cell to allow gas to escape but not electrolyte

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8113971A FR2509911A1 (en) 1981-07-17 1981-07-17 Anti-spillage cover for lead acid batteries - uses labyrinth filler for plug fitted to each cell to allow gas to escape but not electrolyte

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FR2509911A1 true FR2509911A1 (en) 1983-01-21
FR2509911B3 FR2509911B3 (en) 1984-04-27

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0501709A1 (en) * 1991-02-28 1992-09-02 Lucas-Yuasa Batteries Limited Battery cover with venting system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0501709A1 (en) * 1991-02-28 1992-09-02 Lucas-Yuasa Batteries Limited Battery cover with venting system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2509911B3 (en) 1984-04-27

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