FR2504368A1 - Variable orientation cantilevered parasol - has central mast pivoted to end of radial support arm and supporting two independent hubs to which ribs and counter-ribs are hinged - Google Patents

Abstract

The parasol is mounted on a fixed support (1) and has at least one radial arm (7) articulated to it. The arm can be moved between a stored position in which it is folded over to lie flat against the support and an operative position in which it is approx. horizontal. The cover of the parasol is supported by ribs (8) which are articulated to a hub (14) and by counter-ribs (20) which are articulated to an independent hub (11). The hub to which the ribs are hinged is mounted solidly on a central mast (15) and the other hub slides along the length of the mast under the action of a control cable. The hinged set of ribs and counter-ribs enable the shape and orientation of the cover to be varied.

Description

 The invention relates to AGAR @ MENT and PROFESSI @@@ ELE @ARASOLS of any shape, usable in any location @ requiring shelter from the sun or rain.

 The most commonly known parasols are made from a frame comprising the elements called whales and from a vertical pole on which slides a slider or lower nut in order to stretch, using the counter-whales, the canvas of the parasol. .

 This central vertical mast creates significant discomfort to the user, t, in the center of a garden or restaurant table, the parasol provides only relative comfort. First of all, by catching in the wind it creates oscillations which make the balance of the covers unstable. During conversation, the people opposite are inconvenienced by the presence of the mast which has the vision.

 In the case of large tables, it is often necessary to use two umbrellas which is particularly unsuitable.

 Indeed, in the case of circular parasol, the center of the table is completely uncovered.

 In the case of a rectangular parasol, a well-defined dimension is necessary so that they can be adapted to the holes drilled in the table, which necessitates the use of certain tables, 'to the exclusion of others.

 but above all, the closing and opening maneuvers are difficult because it is necessary once the parasol installed in its peak, exert for the opening a movement from top to bottom, while leaning towards the center of the table and thus, at arm's length, make an effort in a position of imbalance and overhang.

 Then, when the whales move away, the user is pushed from the center outwards by bracing to avoid other injuries by said whales and, while maintaining his effort, he must place himself under the umbrella to finish stretch the cursor and this, always at arm's length.

 This maneuver is only bearable for umbrellas with a fairly small diameter because, in the case of large dimensions, it is necessary to have significant mast heights so that the cursor which tends to stretch the whales can slide and, under these conditions, the user has more than sufficient physical resources to reach the open position. then, it is necessary for him to use buttons or zippers which help him to maneuver.

 Which is inconvenient, dangerous because of the pea, and unsightly.

 In addition, for use on the beach, the central spike prevents good positioning of the mattresses and the user often injures himself against 1 spike during his movements.

 To simplify these maneuvers, some parasols are manufactured with cranks or Ps levers which allow operation and orientation.

 but the effort is always carried out at arm's length and, at the opening, the user is separated from his action by the canvas of the parasol and he always has to escape from the whales by a difficult unnatural physical movement and dangerous. In addition, this requires complicated and costly constructions.

 As for the protection of the sun, which is its reason for being, the parasol with a central peak is particularly ill-suited because, as soon as the sun tilts, by the fact of its fixed position in the center of a table, the shade is offset and the parasol loses its effectiveness. The classic tilting device to fight against the oblique sun then offers no solution. In fact, the projected shadow surface is hardly greater when the sun's rays are of an average inclination, but above all it is further from the surface to be protected. As a result, the umbrella only fully shelters when the sun is vertical, which greatly limits its use.

 These problems can be partly remedied by installing the parasol outside the table on a base, but then the effect is opposite, that is to say that the parasol only shelters half of its surface when the sun is vertical, the other half then being useless5 and, in this case, we can only use small tables.

 As a result, to partially remedy some of these drawbacks, parasols without a central pole have appeared which have been the subject of a patent. Plais conception is also insufficient. In particular in patent N 1.28 @ .388 the opening is done by pushing the cursor on the side of the concave face and for this it is necessary to enter at the height of the waist, which limits the diameter of the parasols. In addition, the manipulations to stabilize and set at a suitable height are done when the parasol is open, which is difficult, heavy and inconvenient. Then it cannot be closed momentarily as is the custom. Indeed, it is necessary to redo all the maneuvers in reverse. It is difficult to see all these manipulations around a table.

 In addition, the design of the parts is far too complicated: the lever, the ball joint, the base. We do not see a tourist landing on a beach with this paraphernalia.

 In the patent N 1.25G.940, the greening and closing maneuvers are not well specified except by means of the slide 11. The latter is in the closed position, inside the fabric and difficult to accas. In addition, you cannot have large umbrellas because @ the cursor would touch the ground. We thus fall back in the case of umbrellas with central mast and their drawbacks, especially when we close the parasol we are completely below.

The cursor also describes the same vertical path, perpendicular to the ground.

You can only carry out the opening maneuvers with a p @ ine when the parasol is above a table and you cannot see how it is unhooked and stored. As in the previous example, the parts, in particular the ball joint, are particularly complicated and o @ er @ uses.

 In patent N 2,437,178, the parasol has only an aesthetic utility, so that a support 10 limits its use. You don't see such a set on a café terrace, a balcony or a beach. The means of opening and closing are very written and we can not see can there is a tension of the canvas, determining element on the aesthetic level.

 Maneuvering the cable winding by crank is particularly delicate dii made of a large languor to wind, for a small support section. Orientation is only planned in a horizontal plane. Finally, the storage seems more cumbersome by the very fact of the shape, object of the brebet.

 In na 2.605.778 U3 PATENT we insist on the support which projects the parasol the adjustment is done in a fixed way. Also, tools are needed to tighten.

 Many other patents for improving parasols provide different improvements in terms of the opening of the whales and their orientation, but always from the central peak and using a crank, in particular the French patents N 2,186,820 and 2,193,556 France.

Other patents offer solutions for heavy parasols but always from the central pole N 2.205.292 - Ne 2.172.613 - N 2.226.132 France
Others, finally, provide solutions without a central pole, but which are only shelters, resembling nothing in the form of parasols, N 1.122.811 Italy
N 1.107.904 D L.

 In patent 1,596,907 there is provided a crown without a whale, therefore distant from the parasol, limited to hinging the support of this crown. We do not see the common use of the parasol.

 So all these umbrellas with or without a mast @@ are not designed as a whole to be practical, efficient and inexpensive. This is why the object of the invention is to obtain more rational and more complete results: - By freeing up the space under the parasol from the space of a contral pole, @@@ by considerably reducing it , or @n removing it completely.

- By creating, by a special provision @, a phenomenon of pre-opening or @ pre-closing intended to draft the final man @ euvr @. The user is thus bound to part of the weight of the par.

- This special arrangement facilitates access to the device @@ man @@ uvr @ @@ ur to provide better comfort.

 - The invention also aims to obtain large diameter parasols, with a relatively low mast height, without any particular aid for the operation of the opening and closing operations.

- In addition, due to the eccentric position of the pole, we can adapt the parasol to the bare wall and obtain the same utility as a blind greatly limiting installation costs).

- In addition, by extensign of the basa system, the interest of the invention will be increased by bringing together several parasols in accordance with the invention on the same mat and this, in the same horizontal plane or in different horizontal planes, in order to obtain very important surfaces to protect without commensurate measurement with what is obtained with the common parasols.

- To be able, starting from the basic element or its combinations, to obtain a constant shadow zone by rotation of the eccentric main support despite the movement of the sun.

 In addition, the motorization of the support, controlled by photoelectric cells will allow the automatic orientation against the sun of this group of parasols and obtain the best protection for as long as possible.

- The invention also relates to improving the eccentric vertical mSt which serves as a support for the parasol.

 By articulating it first to allow a position of non-use head up.

- Furthermore, in a second step, the advantage of the invention will be further improved by simultaneously producing the positioning of the radial support and the opening of the whales.

- Always by appropriate modifications to the structure of the support, the object of the invention will be to allow opening and closing operations completely outside the parasol, all the more necessary since the parasols will be of diameter important.

- In addition, the invention will also aim to adapt on the vertical mast spring lever systems or counterpoint or any other appropriate means, intended to balance the weight of the parasol and allow easier movements.

 More particularly, the object of the invention will prove even more advantageous by adapting on the same lever, two parasols which, by a suitable common system, will develop in space, without freezing, by doubling the protected surface. . The technical and aesthetic effect is, very surprising and spectacular.

 In addition, the invention will enhance the garden furniture by creating new forms of tales, chairs, swings.

It will also be described, certain possibilities of displacement of the central mast relative to the vertIcal support, so that the user can better cover the surface to be protected.

 Thus, the results obtained are particularly diverse and surprising t derive from an elementary basic system, the means of which used for manufacturing are, for the most part, quite simply those which make up the common pa rasols; mast, peak, whales, tilt joint, nuts etc.

 Thus, a particular arrangement of these known means makes it possible to achieve a different effect.

 This will make this invention more credible and marketable illustrated by the appended drawings numbered 1 to 155a.

 The object of the invention is to deploy the parasol from an element of its structure, in particular a whale.

 For this, the object of the invention provides a radial support, secured to the whale and thus supporting par.son intermediary assembly of the frame of the parasol.

 Said radial support itself being suspended practically horizontally by its peripheral end on a vertical mast.

 The deployment of the whale beam is effected from the articulation of the fixed whale with the upper nut of the frame.

 The scanning in space of each whale being different during the opening movements, in particular by the diametrically opposite whale which varies from 0 to 180 relative to the fixed whale.

 The whale's beam in its development, will pass through a position of equilibrium qyi is either a pre-opening or a pre-closing depending on the direction of the maneuvers.

The characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent during the description which follows, given by way of nonlimiting example and with reference to the appended drawings in which
Figures 1 to 5 will be used to visualize the installation of the parasol according to the invention.

 Fig. 1: Note that the parasol is approaching Pic 1 tette at the bottom; this peak 1 is connected to a base 2 of known design and used for common parasols.

 Fig. 2: We tighten at the eccentric 3 connecting the mast of the parasol 4 to the peak 1.

 Fig. 3: By means of a joint, the parasol is placed in a practically horizontal position: this also being a position of non-use.

All of the whales are retained by an appropriate attachment.

 Fig. 4: We release the whales and the parasol opens due to its weight and creates a completely natural phenomenon of pre-opening.

 Fig. s There remains more than to stretch the parasol with the cursor like do the current parasols.

 Figs. 6 to 9 show diagrammatically by way of nonlimiting example the frame of the parasol during its development described previously by FIGS. 1 to 5.

 To make the drawing easier to read, only 2 whales are shown.

 Fig. 6: The parasol is joined to peak 1 by the mast 4: a hinge 5 / @@ commonly used for tilting the parasols and slightly modified makes it possible to fold the said parasol upside down. An elbow 6 on the mast 4 facilitates the storage of the frame. The parasol fabric is held by means of a strap to remain folded with the least volume. The canvas is not shown in order to facilitate the clarity of this drawing.

 Fig. 7: The parasol is brought into a practically horizontal position by means of the 5/5 @ joint. It is then observed that the frame of the parasol is supported by a radial support 7 which is a tube, or any other suitable profile.

 The umbrella frame is secured to the support 7 by the whale 8 by means of the clips 9 -9a - 9b - The bundle of whales is held in this horizontal position by means of a hook 10 secured to the lower nut 11 and fixed to the chain 12 which is itself integral with the mast 4.

 Fig. 8: By releasing the hook 10 from the catne 12, all of the whales fall under the effect of their weight and position themselves in a conical beam which stabilizes in this position of equilibrium.

This is made possible by the articulation junction of the whale 8 and the upper nut 14. The truncated mast 15 also pivots from the head of the whale, unlike what happens for common parasols, whose mast remains fixed but whose whales deviate from the central mast0
Rods 16 relsbt the support 7 to the truncated mSt 15 later stabilizes the whale beam. Thus the parasol is hung by the whale 8 secured to the support 7.

 The parasol opened itself and we got a kind of pre-opening.

 The user will then be able to easily get inside the cane, schematically formed by the whales 8 and 8e and fully open the parasol.

 Fig. 9: The user, after having introduced the central mast 15 which is cut in the lower nut 18 and using a suitable spring 19 which retains the nut 18 thus obtains the tension of the canvas, which causes the whales to bend . This is similar to the action obtained in a normbi parasol.

 To simplify, we only represent the whales 8 -8a hangers under the action of the counter-whales. 20 and 20a. It will be noted that it is advantageous according to the invention that the articulation of the @alaine 8 and the counter-whale 20 is close to a fixing clips 9 because the weight of a part of the Parasol is carried in cc point via the cix If n ure id.

 Ussi, To close the parasol, it will suffice to release the lower nut 18 of the spring 19.

 The parasol will stabilize in its intermediate equilibrium position also described in Fig. 8, which is, in this case, considered as a pre-closure and, then, hang up the assembly on the chain 12. The user can leave his parasol in this position when not in use, or else fold it definitively through the joint, S - 5a.

 FIG. 10: represents the detail of the device of the invention in the upper part, the parasol being in its horizontal position of expectation, the whale 8 is secured to a tube or a profile 7.

the support and the rib e are connected by means of the special cleats 9a / 9b which are screwed or clipped into the support 7 and their arrangements vary according to the parasol models. The whale 6 is also held by clipping in its cleats. L
The end of the support 7 is connected to the mast 15 by articulated connecting rods 16 integral with the mast 15 at 16 a and the support 7 at 16 b according to known means, they guarantee lateral stability, while relieving the whale of the weight of the parasol in the open position.

 The whale 8 is articulated at point 13 of the upper nut 14 according to the current process, that is to say that a wire 13 a, connects each whale which are pierced at their top. This wire 13 @ makes them integral with the upper nut 14 in which is provided a cavity for their adaptation, fout ensuring them the possibility of being articulated.- For the clarity of the drawing only 3 whales are shown 8 -8a - 8b.

 Figure 10a - It is shown schematically the top of the parasol covered with the cloth 17 and coci in an identical manner to what one would have for a current parasol, in the closed position.

 Figure 11: In addition, the spacing between the axis of the whale 8 and the axis of the support 7 is sufficiently large to allow the articulation 21 d the ba l @ in @ 8 and the counter bal @ ine 20 to operate normally.

 Figure 12: shows schematically @ using arrows the functioning of the joint 13. The beam I whales develops from J the fixed whale 8. The links 16 also opening. The parssol is practically pandu s @ n radial support.

 The fixed element or radial support 7 can be shaped separately and the various variations below are @@ ront @ writing @@ by way of example.

 Thus, in FIG. 13, the support will be an open tube 22 on its part on the periJurn Jans direction laughed; lengthwise to form a slit 23. A hem 24 is made in the fabric 17 of the parasol. tn introduces the whale 8 into the hem 24 and when the t @ island 17 will be under tension, when the parasol opens, the whale 8 and the hem will get caught in the slot 23 of the support 22.

It is obvious that the radial support 22 and the whale have so solidly joined. On the support 22 it can be adapted, by any known means, a part 26 intended for the articulation 21a of the counter whale 20 connected to the lower nut 18.

 In addition, the support 22 2st, in accordance with the invention connected at one of its ends to the vertical peak 4 and, the other end to the blow mast 15 by the rods 16 according to known methods.

The articulation between the fixed baleinr 8 integral with the radial support 22 and the upper nut 14 is always made by the articulation 13 (see fig. 8)
In addition, it has proved advantageous for the invention that the radial support 27, FIG. 14 is made of spun aluminum, in particular with configurations suitable for different uses, in particular, the creation of a cavity 28 allowing the sliding of a part, or the fixing of the articulation of the counter whale.

 This support 27 is also open at its upper part 27 a, in order to allow the whale 8 and the radial support 27 to be secured at the time of the tensioning of the fabric.

 It is also advantageous, according to the invention, that the radial support 29 fig. 1Ss is positioned above the surface of the parasol, therefore above 1.

whale 8. The latter is peddled in the same way as when it is in the upper part of a support.

 The whale is secured to the support 29 by being introduced into the groove 20a of said support and when the fabric is tensioned, the whale 8 is pressed against the walls of the throat, but it cannot escape from it. Nevertheless, a slight cut is made in the fabric 17 to allow the passage of the articulation 21 b of the counter whale 20.

 This support located above the fabric, has a rounded shape according to the curve given when the brushes are under tension of the fabric Fig. 18. It is likewise connected to the cut mSt 15 by the connecting rods 16.

 As before, the movements are made by the articulation 13 of the ttc J the whale 8 and the upper nut 14.

 FIG. 16: shows a different model of radial support 32 with a counter-whale 20 b angled, in order to facilitate the passage of elements slid into the cavity 31 of the support 32. The axis 8 c of the whale E being different from the axis of the articulation bone 21c ci against the whale. It has proved advantageous, in accordance with the invention, that the support 33 FIG. 17 either from netur @ @ to include direct stapling of the fabric 17 on said support. According to the methods co @@@ s a stapling system, represented schematically by a staple 34 fixes the edges of the canvas of the parasol on the support.

 It is also advantageous, according to the invention, that the radial support 35, FIG. 19 is connected directly to the upper nut 3 slightly modified by an appropriate articulation 35a.

 I1 is also advantageous, according to ltinventionX that the counter whale 37 fig. 19 is of stronger section than the others - by the fact that it supports; a part of the weight of the entire frame and that it is the only support between the slightly modified lower nut 38 and the radial support 36.

 Similarly, as for the whale, the counter whale 37 is connected by a suitable axis 39 to the lower nut 38. Its other end is articulated by an axis 40 on a clevis 41, secured to the support 36 according to known methods.

 Figure 20: shows schematically the teta of the parasol in its folded position and the length of the joint 35a. In these previous examples, the whales and counter-whales are not represented, or only partially represented in order to preserve a certain clarity of the drawing. The canvas is also not shown.

 One of the many possible combinations of arrangement of the elements constituting the frame, according to the invention, will be cited by way of nonlimiting example.

 Thus, in fig. 21, the central mast of the parasol has completely disappeared, the counter whale 37 keeps the entire frame under tension by means of a system of clips 42. A spout 43 secured to the counter whale 37 assists in the correct positioning of the lower nut 44 which would tend to be placed obliquely due to the opposite action of the counter whales.

 A handle 45 secured to the lower nut will help the user in his maneuvers.

 On the other hand, Fig. 22-23, there is also a possibility of obtaining the effect provided for according to the invention, by practically eliminating the upper and lower nuts, by connecting the heads of the whales by a wire 46, and the heads of the counter-whales by a wire 47.

 According to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, described in FIGS. 24 to 27, the radial support 7 FIG. 24 and the whale 8 are no longer interdependent but independent. The support is secured to the truncated mat 15, by means of a part 48 fig. 24, comprising two bent branches 49 and 5C allowing the operation of the cut mast 15 according to known methods; the assembly being articulated by means of a pin 51.

 FIG. 25: represents the parasol folded horizontally the lono of the radial support 7 in accordance with the invention, the frame of the parasol being retained in this position by the means described above (see FIG. 7).

 When 1 beam of whales is released, the parasol remains in its equilibrium position fig. 26 and the canvas 17 which connects the whales together, momentarily supports the upper whale 8 FIG. 26. The mast 15 also having reached an oblique position FIG. 26. The a @ seems then forming a conical beam, allowing the user easy access to the interior of the parasol; c1 is then, it suffices to wedge the mast 15 in its final vertical position by means of a clips 52 FIG. 24 and 27. This clips being secured to the radial support 7 by a screw 53 fig. 24.

 FIG. 27: shows the parasol open and maintained in this position by the attachment of the mast 15 to the clip 52, and by 11 spring action 19 on the lower nut 18. The attachment of the mast 15 to the clips 52 may moreover be do this before inserting the lower nut 18 into the mast 15.

 The adaptation of the branches 49 -50 of the part 48 on the mSt 15 will be done so as not to hinder the passage of the articulation 21 of the whale 8 and the counter whale 20.

 Thus all of the whales are independent of the radial support 7 which is connected at its other end, as before, to the vertical mSt 4.

In addition, whatever the embodiment in accordance with the invention, it is advantageous to provide a system for tilting the surface of the parasol as shown in FIGS. 28 and 29. FIG. 28: represents a way of in @ li-
of known type ner the parasol by a joint 53 / on a part of the radial support 17.

FIG. 29: represents a second example of inclination of a parasol in a lateral side by means of a clamping ring 54 FIG. 28/29 adapted appropriately on the support 7. We can also group the 2 inclinations.

 Furthermore, according to another embodiment in accordance with the invention, it is advantageous to obtain an automatic opening by adding a second lower nut.

For the more detailed description, reference is made to FIGS. 30 to 32 which schematically represent an example of non-limiting embodiment
FIG. 30: represents the umbrella of the type described provided with a radial support 62 and an upper nut 66 secured to an mSt cut 63, in its position of non-use.

 FIG. 31: shows a closer view of the system of the 2 lower nuts, a first nut 55 is integral with a tube 56; a second nut 57 slides on said tube 56. The movement between the two nuts is created by a compression spring 58 surrounding the tube 55. However, like the counter whales 59/60 59a / 60a fig. 30-31 are secured to the whales 62 -62a by the joints 51 / 61a, under the action of the spring, a spacing of the 2 nuts 55-57 is obtained which results in a spacing of the counter whales 59/60 and 59a / 60a.

 In addition, the joint @ 1 both fixed on 1 support: radial 52, Fig. oL then there is simultaneously a push of the cut mast 63 and the opening of the parasol.

 When the mast 63 approaches the nut 56, a spout system 64 will allow easier introduction into the tube 55.

 FIG. 32: represents the open parasol, the mast 53 is then inserted into the tube 56 and the two nuts 55 and 57 have reached their extreme position relative to one another. A stop 55 fixed on the mast 54 will limit the course of the 2 nuts.

 For closing, it suffices to bring back manually, or by any appropriate means, the lower nut 57 against the vertical mast 4. The spring 53 is then under tension. For clarity of the drawing, only the whale support and the opposite whale are shown.

According to another embodiment in accordance with the invention, a relative movement will be obtained between the lower nut and the upper nut by means of a set of telescopic tubes.

 Figures 33 to 36: schematically represent, by way of nonlimiting example, an embodiment, Figure 34 is deleted.

 Figure 33: shows the umbrella in its horizontal position of non-use. In accordance with the invention, there is a whale radial support 66, connected to an upper nut 67, according to the articulation means already described. The upper nut 67 and the lower nut 68 are connected together by a system of telescopic tubes 69.

 FIG. 35: represents the parasol in an equilibrium position, in accordance with the invention, after the release of the lower nut 68.

 Figure 36: shows the parasol in the open position. The telescope assembly was then closed so as to obtain a very short mast in accordance with the invention.

 A specially shaped spring 7C fig. 35-36 secured to the narrowest part of the telescopic assembly, after passing through the lower nut 68 @ 'gap @ and retains the telescopic mast @ in its vertical position and thus fixes the armature in its open position. To close the parasol, simply pull on the lower nut @ 8 to bring the spring into the tube system. This being analogous to the known operation in common parasols and hang up the assembly to the vertical pole 4.

 According to variants according to the invention, umbrella frames will be used in which the relative movement of the upper and lower nuts is very short.

 In particular the figur @ s 37 to 40 represented @ nt @ nt u @ nonlimiting example of varying-t neet the lower nut made @ @ - short path compared to the -n ix upper.

 Figure 37: shows the parasol in its non-use position folded against the radial support 71 according to the invention. The set of bales nes is retained by the loop 80, integral with the whale opposite the radial support and attached to the vertical mast according to the means already described above. For the sake of clarity of the drawing, only the radial support and the whale opposite it are shown. The canvas is not shown.

 A cut mast75 is secured to an upper nut 72 of known shape), in particular fig. 4C @ resenting a cavity 73, so that the lower nut 74 is housed in said cavity. The counter whale 77 is connected in 71a to the radial support 71 and in 77a to the lower nut, according to known methods. To facilitate the movement of the device, it is advantageous for the counter-whale 77 to be longer than the part 71a - 76. The radial support and the upper nut being articulated at 76 according to the methods commonly used.

 When the loop 60 is detached, all of the whales are placed on a conical beam Fig. 38 according to the invention.

 The user can then easily reach the flexible handle 79, Fig 38 secured to the lower nut 74 and pull on said handle. The counter whales s1 then separate whales and thus open the parasol. Simultaneously the upper nut 72 pivots on the articulation 75. An appropriate clip system 71 retains the lower nut, after being retracted in its passage FIG. 39. A b @ - tee 80 @@ prevents the lower nut from coming out of the mast 75 - fig. 39.

 To close the parasol, simply press the spring 7, simultaneously pushing the lower nut 74 on the mast 75. The beam of the whales will be easily foldable against the radial support, by means of the loop 80 adapted to the opposite whale and intended to be fixed on the vertical mast by a hook according to the process already described.

 In addition, FIGS. 40a and 40b show by way of nonlimiting example an embodiment in which the lower nut 74a is fixed, relative to the upper nut 72e, but articulated to the support at 74b.

 In this case, the radial support 71b becomes a counter whale for the frame.

it is connected in 71c to the whale 77c articulated itself to the upper nut 72a
Figure 40b: shows the open frame.

 In these examples, the whales and the canvas are only partially or not represented.

Thus, all these achievements are conceived from the fact that according to llob-
Jet of the invention, the vertical mast supporting the parasol is eccentric. It then proved to be advantageous for the mast to be considered against a vertical rotation mast, around which the parasol would be positioned.

 Figure 41: shows a close-up of the securing cam 81 fastening the peak 1 to the mast 4. It will appear on the peak 1 to tighten 82 so that the part 83 of the mast 4 which adapts . in udder 1 draws @ s' @@ f @ nç @ r. The cam 81 will serve to tighten the mast 4 and allow the progressive rotation of the parasol to be adjusted with respect to this vertical axis located at the periphery.

 Thus, as 1E shows in figure 42, the parasol will pass from a pcsitian 44 to a central position @ 5, to È another opposite extreme 26. It will be seen that the protected surface materialized by the points E7 / 88 in figure 42 for the variation in inclination of the sun's rays is double that obtained with a common parasol, with a central pole, shown by points 89-90. In addition, a constant shade surface is obtained 91-92 fig. 43 double that obtained 93-94 figure 43 by a common central mast parasol for two opposite inclinations of the sun's rays.

 This avoids too frequent movements of the parasol and allows to consider moments of greater rest and more pleasant to the user.

 But this eccentric mast system creates a significant overhang and it is therefore advisable to take care of the bases to ensure that the whole is held perfectly.

 Figure 44: shows the concrete base 95 behaving like a lever called "devil". Two wheels 96 and handles 97 adapted to the concrete base allow easy handling. An articulated leg 98 will give even more stability to the base.

Figure 45: represents for large dimensions, a means of replacing the peaks and vertical tubular poles with an iron or wooden pole with a large section 99. It is then advantageous to group two parasols with eccentric poles
On this mast 99, with dewlap so that, when unfolded, they have a common side 100 fig. 46, which will double the floor space.

 It is also advantageous, according to the invention, to provide a base in the form of a wheelbarrow FIG. 49; the whole being concrete. The wheel 101 used for movement; two removable handles 102 will be required for handling.

 FIGS. 47 to 51: represent a set of nonlimiting examples in accordance with the invention, in particular with the radial support above the surface of the parasol. Figures 47/48/49 show 3 examples providing a counter-jib system connecting the head of the parasol to the base, by any rigid or flexible process, in order to avoid bending of the vertical mast.

 In addition, suitable joints are provided for the folding of the radial supports thus arranged, in the examples of FIGS. 47 to 51.

The advantage of the invention will be further improved by the combination on the same mast of several parasols conforming to
FIGS. 52 to 55: represent, by way of nonlimiting example, 3 umbrellas with offset eccentric pole grouped either in 2 different planes fig. 52, or in 3 different horizontal planes fig. 53/54755; the means for closing and opening @ @@ s @ using one of the possibilities described above.

Figure 5 @: represents a set of 4 umbrellas grouped in the same plane on a same mat 1C3 uri all surmounted by a 5th parasol so as to protect the central zcn +
The invention is therefore particularly interesting, since by combination of basic elements, the shadow areas obtained are therefore incomparably larger and more effective than with known parasols.

 Still in combination, parasols according to the invention, it is advantageous to create with 2 parasols having a common width 104 fig. 57-58, spaces free of any interior mat.

 Figure 59: shows a set of 2 parasols on a central mast with a common side, whose radial supports 105-106 are above the parasol.

 In addition, it is advantageous, according to the invention to produce parasols with different frames, in particular by providing arrangements on the whales and counter-whales.

 For the more detailed description of a variant of the invention, reference is made to the appended drawing which schematically represents a non-limiting example of embodiment.

 The figures 60 to 3-a: represent an example of realization in accordance with the invention relating to the modification of the counter-whales. For the sake of clarity, only whales are shown. The canvas is not shown.

 Figure 60: shows a closed frame.

 FIG. 61: represents this parasol mount adapted according to the invention on a radial support 114c.

Figure 62: shows, in a closer view, the frame in the closed position
Each counterbalsine is in two unequal parts 107-108 and 109-110, connected together by common articulations, in particular, here, by a torsion spring 112 and 112a. Each spring for the purpose of facilitating the opening of these two parts so as to make them rectilinear, that is to say that the parts 107-108 are practically in the same extension in the open position Fig. 61
The part 107 of the counter whale is connected to the whale 114 according to current means the part 108 is articulated to the fixed lower nut 113 according to known means.

Dais it is advantageous for the invention to achieve this articulation of the counter-whales with the whales by means of torsion spring l15, fig. 61 & 3aa
Thus, the counter-whale 107-108 by opening pushes on the whale 114 connected year 1,9a to the upper nut 116 by any known means and contributes to fully opening the parasol. The spring 115 Fig. 63 will also contrIbuera - create a distance from the whale 114 t from the counter-babine 107-108. The phenomenon repeated on all the whales of the parasol will create tension in the canvas.

For the closing maneuver, each whale includes a part 114b fig. 63 on the end of which is fixed a cable 117 connected by a meeting point
a cable 118 121 fig. 62 / will also be connected to this common point 121, and it will serve as a reminder cable for the closing of whales.

 The upper 115 and inner 113 nuts are connected by a hollow tube 117 and 117a.

119 fig. 62 in which the cables are passed / A pulley returns 120
Fig. u2 guides the cable 118 in its movement out of the tube t this cable is introduced into the whale support 114 end. 62. User 1 will operate using appropriate means.

 Thus, by pulling the cables 117-117a fig. 61-62, the whales are brought back to the closed position against the truncated mast and they help to fold in their movements the parties 1E7-108 - 109-110, contra-whales. The whale 114 being fixed to the support 114c in accordance with the invention, the cut mast 119 approaches with respect to the support 114c, while pivoting at the joint 114a FIG. 61-62.

To assist in the development of said mSt 119 comprising the two nuts, it is advantageous, according to the invention, to add a torsion spring 119a
Fig. 61 which facilitates opening; this spring is also not shown in the other figures for clarity of the drawing.

We can add, by way of nonlimiting example, the possibility of operating a set of whales from telescopic whales
The two nuts being fixed on a cut mat. The radial support also being a whale, according to the invention.
In all the variants described and explained above, it will naturally be possible to replace the various members of the parasol frame with equivalent or similar members, without however going beyond the door of the present invention.

 However, it will be noted that the invention makes it possible to create a parasol, the folding of which is carried out on a practically horizontal support, which is connected to an eccentric vertical pole at the periphery of the parasol.

 But the positions of non-use of the parasol are either horizontal or head-to-bottom and handling must be carried out to obtain the use of the parasol. Although these handling operations have been simplified and facilitated by the improvements mentioned above in the use of common umbrellas, it can still be improved.

 According to other characteristics, the invention make it possible to obtain, @ from simple maneuvers, and external to the parasol, the opening and closing without manipulating any heart or any other means of action for the whales. C @ qui @@ ra @@ uv @ nt facilitated using the poresol's own weight to obtain its opening, thus producing a self-opening.

 The object of the invention is to simultaneously create two practically opposite movements, one of the deployment of the radial support of this new type of parasol from a vertical position of non-use to a radial horizontal position and the other simultaneous movement. of the whales and their tension. The peculiarity of the invention is to highlight these opposite reactions, one of the weight of the whole of the frame which, by tilting on its eccentric mast orée a significant weight, the other reaction being the opening of the counter whales opposing the weight of the whale and canvas radial support assembly.

 The invention is explained by means of nonlimiting examples with variants. One of these examples is explained Far les croqui 64 à 60c.

 On the peak 1 fig. 64 traditionally soli @ area of a base, is adapted by tightening by the oame, 123a, an articulation system comprising a vertical cat 123 on which is connected by a common axis 125, two link arms 122-124. The other end of the arm links is connected by the axis 126 to the radial support 127 of the parasol.

 FIG. 67 represents the right end of the rods 122-124 connected by the axis 125 to the mSt 123 and the left end connected to the support 127 by the axis 126.

 The support 127 being chosen according to one of the variants described above, in particular comprising a cavity 129 fig. 69; in which will slide a magpie this special 128 fig. 68. A more precise representation is given of this special part in FIGS. 6B to 69c, as well as the work which it performs during the maneuvering movements. It plays two roles for the radial support 127, allowing it to roll and pivot. at the same time. FIG. 58 schematically represents the special part with its rollers 130 secured to the mast 123 by any known means, ready by way of introduction into the cavity 129 of the radial support 127, of which a cross section Fi is shown. 6a.

 Figure 69e: shows the radial support 127 in the vertical position of non-use.

 The figur @ 69b: represents the same support, but in an intermediate position.

 Figure 69c: shows the support in its horizontal position.

 It can thus be seen that the rollers 130 have allowed the support 127 t to change its orientation, passing from the vertical position to the horizontal position. [n note that the joint 127a fig. 65 of the counter whale with the radial support 127 is arranged in accordance; the invention so as not to hinder the passage of the rollers.

 By lifting fig. 65, the part comprising the joint 126, by means of a strap 131, there is thus made ba @ cul @ rl @ ntement l @ radial support 127, which @ 'support @ on the mast 1 @ 3 by the i @ t @ intermediary of the pi @@ 123.

 A cable 1 @ 2 fig. @ 5 secured to the mast 123 by fixing 1 @ 3 and @ the @@ lower lx 134 of the counter-whales is returned by pulleys 135-136 of the lower nut to the fixed point 133 of the mast The target has the role of firing on the lower nut simultaneously with the advancement of the radial support, until the whales are completely open. The lower nut 134 will fit into the cut mast 137 at the end of the movement. We will obtain the tension of the fabric Fig. CF and the rounding of the whales, by forcing on the rods 122-124, in order to secure them to the mast 123 by a clip 138.

 The radial support slides on the rollers 130 and since the cable is of fixed length, the cut mat 137 moves away from the fixing point 133 and, after the lower nut is fitted into the mat 137, the cable no longer being sufficient long, a tension is then exerted from the links. This allows to stretch the canvas, not shown on example. The fixing points of the pulleys 135-136 for returning the cable 132 will be adapted so that the distances and "the" fig. 64 and 66 are equal. Indeed, it is necessary that the deflection of the heart s @@ r or lower nut characterized by the part "l" fig. 64 is found in "la" fig. 66.

 For the sake of clarity of the drawing, only the radial support 127 according to the invention and an opposite whale is shown.

 To close the parasol, simply pull the handle 131 fig. 66 which separates the rods 122-124 from the t23 mast and under the effect of its weight the frame will fold back by itself since the free cable 132 the lower nut 134.

 According to another embodiment, it is advantageous for the invention to adapt a radial support 139, on a cut mat 140 by means of the clevis 141 fig. 70, which allows them to articulate with respect to each other by means of the axis 142 fig. 71-82. According to the invention the radial support 13g is independent of the whales.

 In addition, it is advantageous for the invention to obtain better storage of the lower nut 143 fig. 71 to remove the counter-whale which connects the radial support 139 to the lower nut abnormally. Or fat that the cable 144 fig. 71 is secured to this lower nut, the weight of part of the frame is supported by said cable and the counter whale is not useful. The cable is fixed at point 149 of mast 123.

 The lower nut 143 can be shaped in a conical manner in order to facilitate its interlocking with the truncated mat 140., when opening fig. 73 ,.

 According to the appropriate means of cable return by pulley 145 -14e fig.

71-72, the lower nut is connected to the fixed point of the mast 123.

 And as in the previous example, the operation of the rods 122 124, simultaneously pr @ vo @@@ positions it @@@ t of the support 139 and the opening of the ba- @@@@ 147-148 fig. 71.

 The radial support 13r being secured to the top 123, as in the example above in the part 128 on which it slides and changes orientation.

 L @ @ truncated 140 is wedged against the clevis 141, in the vertical position, t the position of the pulley 145 is chosen so that, by the tension of that, it ensures a blocking of the mast 140.

 The final blocking of the assembly is obtained by joining the connecting rods 122-124 on the mast 123 by means of clips 151 fig. 72. At this time, the canvas is stretched by the tension caused by the lower nut and the parasol is rounded as in current use.

The whale 147, which is without counter-whale, is also forced to round due to the proximity of the neighboring whales which shrink the surface of the canvas while being rounded, therefore the whale 147 becomes too long and therefore curls. also, this whale being nevertheless fixed under the canvas at the junction of the slices of canvas which make up the parasol according to known means, usually used for common parasols. As before, it should be noted that the length "m" fig. 70, necessary for the displacement of the lower nut 143, from its initial position, to its final position, ie identical to the length "m, a" fig. 72, the distance of the mat 14D from the fixing point 149 of the cable, or at least slightly lower to obtain the tension of the fabric. For clarity of the drawing, only the whale 147 and 148 with its counter whale 150 are shown. For the closing, it will be necessary to detach the clips 151 from the mast 123, and by the weight of the assembly, the umbrella frame is found in its non-use position fig.70. The canvas is not shown.

As a variant of the invention, another non-limiting example will be proposed by adapting to the radial support 152 of the parasol, a frame with articulated counter-ribs as described above and illustrated by FIGS. 60 to 64 and also modifying the vertical support mast.

 Figures 74 to 77 illustrate this variant.

On the radial support 152 of the parasol frame Fig. 74 is adapted, by a suitable articulation, at its upper end, the upper nut 153. The soup mast 154 connects the upper nut 153 to the lower nut 155. The articulated mast will consist of a fixed part 156 and a part tubular 157, articulated together by the axis 158, according to any known method. The articulation between the support 152 and the part 157 is made by an axis 158a.

 To help lift the main support, since in this variant the radial support no longer has support in its upper part, a tension spring 159 will be installed in the movable tube 157. 75, connected by a cable 160 ,.

at support 152 there is a point 161 Fig. 75.

This cable will pass on the axis of the joint 158a fig. 75 @ and will thus exercise the opening function of the two parties.

 One will exert on the base handle 164a fig 75, a movement t do low - high intended to position the parasol. This movement is facilitated by the action of the spell 159.

 In addition, as previously planned, the counter-whales 171a171b-fi @ 75 opening by means of the spring 162-163 and keep all the brushes in an open position.

 The defined opening position Fig 76 @ will be stabilized by means of a lever 164 comprising in its upper part a cavity 165 fig. 75 intended to be clipped onto a ball 166 secured to the support 152.

This lever being fixed on the arm 157 by the axis 167: FIG. 77 @ schematically represents this lever with double branches, so that the cavity 165 is clipped in on the axis of the support 152.

To simultaneously stabilize mast 156 with 157, adapt it to a rod 168 fig. 75 secured in 199 to the mast 156, a clips 170 fixing the part 157 in its vertical position fig. 76.

 To close the parasol, the user will pull the flexible handle 154a fig. 76, releasing the part 157 of the clips 170, and, while maintaining the handle will release, by the handle 164, the radial support parts 152 and arms 157, the spring 159 will exert a retaining force when the parasol is folded. In addition, the recall of the counter whales 171a-171b is ensured by the target 171 @ ig.76. This cable 171 is connected to the whales by cables 172-173 at point 174 fig. 76 and 174a fig. 74.

 The simultaneous recall of the whales, with the closing of the parasol, is ensured by the position of point 175 on the rod 168 fig. 75-76. Cable 171 being of constant length entered 1 point 175 and points 174-174a. Continuing to press on the flexible handle 164a, the parasols fig. 74. The position of the pulley 176 will adjust 13 simultaneous operation of the positioning of the radial support with the maneuvers of belei @es. Only the counter whales and whales are only partially represented in order to facilitate the clarity of the drawing. Similarly, the toil @ is not represented.

 According to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, an ar-aturo d- typ @@ courert is adapted to a radial support.

 Figures 78 to 80: schematically represent, by way of nonlimiting example, this va @ i @ nte.

Figure 78: represents the parasol in its position @@ n @@ - use
A mast 187, supported by a @ i @ relle @ @@ base @ according to current use, com ptend its upper part an articulation 188 connecting it 2 a mobile tube 16, cE said tube t the radial support 190 are articulated by a appropriate axis 188a.

 In the tube 186 is housed a spring 189, secured to the said tube and to the mast 185, at point 190. The action of the spring 189 is to facilitate the opening maneuvers of the support t85 and of the part 186.

 Figure 79: represents, the beginning of the maneuver.

By lifting the end 188a, it simultaneously causes the positioning of the radial support 185 and the opening of the ribs.

Indeed, a target 181 is secured to the mat 1E7 at a point 184 and to the lower nut 177, passing through the necessary references.

And, the further the end 188a moves away from point 184, the more the lower nut approaches the cut mast 182.

FIG. 80: represents the fully open parasol, after the lower nut 177 has been fitted into the cut mat 182. The open position will be stabilized by the support 1g1 fixing the tubular part 186 and the radial support 185. The articulation 188 being shaped so as to remain in the alignment of mast 187. In addition, "x" must be equal to t
According to another advantageous embodiment in accordance with the invention, the system of the articulated mast is adapted to the frame, the lower nut of which describes a path from top to bottom on a truncated mast.

 FIGS. 81 to 84: represent an example which does not limit this axis. FIG. 81: diagrammatically represents the parasol in the closed position, folded against the mast.

We will use the mat system explained previously by Figures 64 to 67
That is to say that on the peak t, secured to a base, is adapted the mast 123, on which are adapted two rods 122-124 articulated to said mSt by the axis 125 and to the radial support 127 by the axis 126, according to known means.

The radial support slides on the special part 128 secured in an appropriate manner to the mast 127.

 The upper end of the radial support is connected to the upper nut by the joint 192 according to known means.

 Figure 82 shows an intermediate position of the parasol.

Anres having raised the end 126 of the radial support, the frame, under the effect of its weight, is positioned in a conical beam and the lower nut 194 slides on the cut mast 195 in accordance with the invention.

 We will obtain the simultaneous movement of the positioning of the parasol and the opening of the whales, by connecting, by a cable 197, the lower nut 184 to a special piece 196 sliding in the radial support 12? fig. 82 & 83.

When passing over the part 128, the part 1 @ 6 will be entangled and pushed back towards the end 126 of the radial support. This will have the effect of pulling the cable and consequently the lower nut.

 An arrangement is provided in the mast 195. Indeed, a slot 198 is shaped in the east 195 in order to allow the passage of the fastener 199 securing the lower nut and the cable. This fastener 199 is manufactured in order to best transmit the tension of the cable to the lower nut 194.

 Figure 83: shows the parasol and its pole in their fully open position.

A stop 203 will limit the travel of the lower nut. On the cable 197 is adapted a tension spring 202 allowing it to lengthen, in particular at the end of the opening movement, while continuing to exert its action on the nut lower. Its strength is therefore studied so that the cable pulls the lower nut before it lengthens.

 A system of clips 200, secures the mat 123 and the rods 122-124, which keeps the canvas under tension. The test fabric not shown but it is adaptable to the known means and already described above.

Likewise, for the sake of clarity of the drawing, only the radial support and the opposite whale are shown.

 To close the parasol, pull on the clip that releases the rods the lower nut 194, under the effect of the weight of the whales and the canvas, is pushed up the cut m t. We will take care that the angle of the whales and the counter-whales is not a blind angle and that it allows the sliding of the lower nut 194.

The spring 202 shrinks and brings the piece 196 towards the center of the radial support.

 To facilitate the return of the lower nut upwards, a compression spring 201 fig. 84.

When the nut 194 is released from the tension of that, the spring relaxes and, by relying on the stop 203 it pushes the lower nut upwards thus sketching the closing operation of the parasol.

On the other hand, according to a different embodiment, in accordance with the invention, one can act on the radial support and shape it so that it can fold back
Figures 85 to 89: show a non-limiting example of this variant.

As described above, the radial support can be placed above the canvas surface of the parasol.

In this example fig. 85, the common part of said radial support with a whale of the frame will be limited to part 204. The other part 205 of the support will be secured at 206 by an articulation suitable for the vertical mast 207,
The 2 parts 204-205 of the radial support are articulated by an axis 208.

A cable 209 connects the end 210 of the radial support to a handle 211 which slides on the vertical mast 207 according to known methods.

It is shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 88 and 89 the joints 206 and 208 comprising torsion springs 212-213 allowing the opening of said joints.

 To open the parasol, simply raise the handle 211 upwards.

A second target 216 fig. 86-87 connects the mast 207 to the lower nut 217 of the counter whales 218-218a. According to the known and already described means.

 Figure 87: shows the folded parasol in its non-use position against the mSt 207.

Figure 86: shows an intermediate opening position.

 The handle 211, going up on the mSt, releases your two parts 204-201 of the radial support which open.

 Simultaneously, the cable 216 pulled the lower nut 217 upwards and the ribs open.

 Figure 85: represents the open parasol. The lower section 217 was fitted onto the mast 219 according to the methods previously described and not shown in this figure.

 The joint 208 is shaped in such a way that the two parts 204-205 remain in the extension of one another.

 In this variant, parts are rounded in order to match the shape of the parasol when the canvas is stretched.

Only a few elements of the frame are represented, for the clarity of the d @@ - sin
To close the assembly, it will suffice to lower the handle 211. The parts @@ support fold up and the frame, due to its weight, also closes @@
By all appropriate means, care will be taken to facilitate the initiation of the withdrawal movement of the parts 204-205.

In its development, the invention provides for adjustments to its radial support and its integration into articulated systems.

 In particular, FIGS. 90 will be illustrated with tction from a giant spider FIG. 90 force by said ri dial support 220 and by a counter-whale 221 which would have been extended for the adapted one, by an articulation 222 to the vertical mast 223. This net being, as always, connected to a base according to the common processes.

 This spider thus formed is articulated in 224 by an aft axis system a @ - proprié. The radial support whale branch 220 is integral at its upper part with the upper nut 225 and, at its lower part with a handle 226 sliding on the vertical mast 223.

The support whale tale 221 is fixed to the lower nut 227 fig. C Far an appropriate joint.

 The cable 228 fig. 91 connected to the fixed point 229 of the mast 223 to the lower nut 227 by the necessary and appropriate references.

 For operation, simply slide the poio: ne'e 226 on the mast to obtain the opening or closing of the parasol.

In the open position, an appropriate system will block the pp @ ignée 226 and keep the fabric under tension
FIG. 92: diagrammatically represents the adaptation necessary for the counter whale 221 to cross the surface of the canvas.

For this, the radial support may be omitted from two branches 220a -22Gb in the middle of which the counter whale operates. The fixing of the fabric 230 will be done by agrafiago 231-232 according to the current methods, on the fields of the branches 220a 220b forming the radial support.

 Gn will note the position of neighboring whales 233 and 234 directly connected by the canvas to the branches 220a - 220b of the radial support.

Figures 93 -94 will illustrate a non-limiting example of a variance in which the radial support is also part of an articulated system.

 Or the radial support 235, the lower part of which is integral with a vertical mast 236 by means of an axis 237 sliding in a hole 238 formed in the mit 235.

 The upper part of the radial support is adapted to the upper nut 239, with an armature - A set of rods 240 is fixed to the mast and to the support by the pin 242.

The weight of the parasol rests on the two axes 237 and 241. To activate the parasol, simply slide the axis 237 by means of the pin 242.

A cable 243 disoosed according to the necessary arrangements, transmits a movement to the lower nut 244 simultaneously with the variation of the support 235. In this example, the tension of the fabric, moreover not shown, is obtained by the overhang as created by axes 237 and 241.

On the other hand, according to another guy this embodiment, in accordance with: the invention, the advantage of which can be further improved by facilitating the operation of heavy and large parasols.

 For that, we adapt @ on the sup @@@ t radial 244 fin. @ 5, a lever system constituted by a compression spring 245 actuating dr @ x telescopic tubes @ copiques 246-247. This spring @@ uses, by means of a carriage 246, the lever arm 249 end. 95-96 in which it slides. The radial support 244 @st connected to the vertical mast 250 by the i @ intermediate of a @ p @ i @ born @ 251 which c @@ - smooth on said @ being. These elements are joined by the articulations with properties 252 - 253 - 254 - 255 - fig. @@ @t @@.

The opening and closing @ouvemente are then ordered from poi -éoe 25 ?. A target 256 @ will simultaneously transmit the movements of the radial support to the breath in accordance with the invention.

 Figure 5: represents 1 closed parasol, the compression spring is compressed, therefore under tension. lin stop 248e, prevents the carriage 248 from moving back into the arm 249 and thus losing its force.

 Figure 97: shows a top view of the assembly. The fabric 257 is then cut to allow the proper functioning of the assembly. A wire 258 is connected to the support 244 according to known means and the canvas is fixed to it according to current methods. Furthermore, by refining the possibilities offered by this new type of parasol, other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear during the description which follows. Reference is made to the appended drawings below which represent nonlimiting exemplary embodiments.

 The object of the invention will be to further improve the performance of this system by creating lever arms, intended to provide easier handling of parasols of all sizes.

 Figures 98 to 101: show the rods 259 and 260 secured to the vertical mast 261 by the axle 262, according to known methods, supporting the radial support 261a at their lower end 263 and connected their upper end 264 by a tension spring 265 to the mast vertical 261 on a suitable fixing 266.

 Ligure 101 is a top view of the positioning of the rods 259 260, the mast 261 and the spring 265.

 The action of the spring is to pull on the upper part 264 of the links 259-260, and to cause the lifting of the radial support 261a, by the rotation of said links around the axis 262, until reaching the final opening position. fig. 100.

 In the same way as in the previous variants, the displacement of the radial support and the opening of the whales will be caused so mutually by means of a cable 267 fig. 100 integral with the lower nut 268 and a fixed point of the mast 261.

 Note dae in the non-use position Fig. 98, the spring 265 is practically parallel to the rods 259-26G and therefore its action is neutralized. On the other hand, all the force of the spring is used to the maximum when it pulls in overhang, fig. 99 and provides the user with better comfort either for opening or for closing.

 Appropriate means, already described, will allow the parasol to be fixed in its final open position. The radial support 261a rests on the mat 251 by means of a special piece in accordance with the invention.

It is recalled that the o @ can adapt to articulated systems any equivalent variant of parasol stops.

This system is installed @ on a traditional peak 1, itself connected to a s; zu
The canvas is not shown for clarity of the drawing, similarly, only two whales are shown.

 Finally, the interest of the invention will be considerably increased by obtaining a deployment movement, common to several parasols. Especially for two, this by means of a single lever - setting its action on the two radial supports at the same time.

 For a more detailed description of the subject of the invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which schematically represent examples of non-limiting embodiments with variants.

 Referring to FIG. 102, the lever 269 actuates the radial supports 270 - 271 by means of a common cross member 272 hinged to the lever 269 at the bottom / by an articulation chappe 273. This lever is suitable for mast 274 by an axis 275 and actuated by a tension spring 276.

 The radial supports 270 - 271 will be chosen in accordance with the invention1 with a cavity in order to allow the sliding of special pivots fig. 103 104. These radial supports can pivot at their lower ends on axes 277 -288 see fig. 102 and 109, integral with the crosspiece 272. The mast 274 is split in its upper part into two branches 274a - 274b fig. 102; so that each support 270-271 can be supported by special joints, respectively, the pivot 279 for the support 270 and the pivot 280 for the support 271 (see fig. 102).

 By way of nonlimiting example, Figures 103 and 104; represent these joints. They are produced by two casters 281 - 281a connected by an axis 282 - 282a, itself secured to a support 283-283a and, at the same time capable of rotating, according to the appropriate methods, with respect to the branches 274a -274b from mast 274.

 The radial supports 270 -271 will then be able to move in all the without in particular in the plane that they form between them and deviate from a position parallel to a perpendicular position. In fact, under the common action or lever 252, the radial supports are pushed onto the rollers 281 - 281a, all passing from a vertical plane to a horizontal plane; and, their upper ends are simultaneously separated from one another, by the rotation of the supports 283-2E3a of the rollers, until the two supports 270-271 are practically perpendicular in the position of full opening. They will also have pivoted on their axes 277-278 at their lower ends.

 Figures 110 - 111-112 schematically represent 3 positions of the supports 270 - 271, during their movement in the plane they determine.

Figure 11D: renré @ ente the position of non-use, or its sunoorts are @ratiqu @@@@ t parallel and vertical to the ground.

 Figure 111: shows the radial supports when their upper ends begin to diverge under the action of the lever.

 Figure 112: represents their position at the end of the movement when they are @ perpetually perpandicular.

 The device of the invention makes it possible to: achieve this phenomenon by the fact that the lever 26 pushes the supports against two fixed points, cn of the articulations which pivot at these points.

The rollers ensuring the change of plane, defined by the supports 270-271 and passing them from a vertical position, materialize schematically in Figure 105 by the support 270 to a horizontal position shown in fig. 106.

 FIG. 105: also shows in horizontal position the radial supports on their cross member 272, which is integral with the lever 269, articulated together by the articulation chappe 273.

 Figure 107: shows the two parasols in a non-use position. The lever is not shown for clarity of the drawing.

 FIG. 108: represents in profile all of the two parasols at rest the radial supports retained by a flexible handle 286, with the handle 284 according to known methods. The handle 284 and the mast 274 are offset to allow maneuvering.

 The handle 284 is integral with the concrete base 285.

 The flexible handle 286 will serve to control the opening movement, so that the spring does not suddenly relax, and as a means of returning the radial supports for closing.

 it goes without saying that one adapts to the radial supports 270-271 no matter what it is a parasol mount and that the simultaneous movement of these supports with the mancouvres of said frame is obtained from the same fascia in the preceding variants jointly to the invention, by means of cables connecting the lower nuts to fixed points of the vertical mast.

 Figure 113 in three quarter rear view, illustrates schematically the object of the invention relating to 2 fully open parasols actuated by the same lever. The two radial supports 270-271 are below the surface of the canvas, in accordance with the invantisl, and they are visible in this figure because the fabrics 287 and 28E of the umbrellas are fictitiously cut to allow them to understand. device of the invention.

 it will also be adapted to the base 285 two wheels 289 to facilitate handling of the assembly.

On the other hand, according to another variant of the lever systems, it is possible to neutralize the noid of the parasol losing the maneuvers, sea a combination
of using the parasol's own weight.

Figures 114 to 116: show a non-limiting example of embodiment.

For that, the radial support 290 fig. 114 will be considered as a lever, the heavier main part of which includes the weight of the frame, is opposite to the shorter part 291. A connecting rod 293 is fitted to the top of an ordinary vertical mast 292 which will play the role of 'a second lever.

The axis 294 secures the connecting rod and the mast.

One end of the connecting rod 293 is connected to the radial support 290 by means of an appropriate axis 295.

 Then to neutralize the force exerted at the end 296 of the radial support, due to the weight of the frame, it is connected to the free end 297 of the connecting rod, by a cable 298 which passes over a pulley 299 suitable for mast 292 according to known methods.

This target therefore directly transmits the force exerted at the end 296, proportional to the weight of the parasol, at the end 297 of the connecting rod.

 When opening the parasol, the user Fig. exerts an action from top to bottom on the end 300 of the radial support, which causes the armature to tilt. but by 11 action of the cable 298 fig. 114, which transmits the weight of the parasol, the force is exerted on the rod at its end 297 and creates a neck flat with the axis 294 of the mast, and this couple lifts the other part of the rod secured to the radial support. axis 295.

 For the user, thanks to this system, the weight of the parasol is neutralized and all it takes is a minimum of effort to carry out the installation of the parasol.

Then, in the final open position Fig 115, the radial support has completely tilted on the axis 295.

The radial support and the connecting rod are secured by a pull tab 301 in order to stabilize the assembly, according to known means.

 However, the target 298 is connected to a spring 302 in order to allow the transition to the intermediate position, since the distance from the axis 296 to the axis 297 passing through the pulley 299 is maximum in these cases.

The spring then allows to return then to a length of cable sufficient for the non-use position, and the final position fig 115 and 116.

 The whales and the support are simultaneously opened, in accordance with the invention, by a cable 304 connecting the lower nuts 303 to a fixed point 304 @ of the m t 292, according to methods analogous to the preceding variants.

Fig. 114 - 115.

 According to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is possible to develop the radial support from a set of vertical telescopic masts. Figures 117 to 120; ; schematically represent a non-limiting example of this variant.

Figure 117 shows two vertical masts 305-306 adapted on a base 307; a pe: rnte 308 adapted in an appropriate manner to the 2 masts, allows the telescopic tubes 309 and 310 to be developed in a second position and they are fixed in this position by the rouple 311 fiq. 118.

 Figure 119 shows the open parasol. By exaction of the flexible handle 312, the radial support 313 is tilted from a vertical position Fig 117 to a practically horizontal position fig. 119 by developing the last part 314 of the telescopic assembly. This part is secured to the radial support by a suitable articulation 315 fig. 119. The movement slides the radial support 313 on a part 316 adapted to the end of the other part 317 of the telescopic mast 306. The part 316 is rounded Fig. 117-119 to allow tilting of the support.

A section A-Aa fig. 120 represents the part 316 adapted in the radial support 313. The pin 311a secures the two tubular parts 314-31 ?.

 As in certain variants already described, the positioning of the radial support simultaneously causes the parasol to open, by means of a cable 318 connected to the lower nut 319R to a fixed point 320 of the vertical mast 305 passing through the pulleys and appropriate references . The stroke length of the lower nut "p" fig. 117, will be equal to or slightly less than the debate "q" of the last part 314, of the telescopic assembly 305. To avoid (fig. 119) a reversal of the parasol under the effect of the wind, the joint 315 may other provided with a clamping means. The canvas, nor all of the whales are shown for the clarity of the drawing.

 According to another embodiment and in accordance with the invention, the positioning of the radial support and the opening of the parasol can be obtained simultaneously from a simple rocking movement of said support on a vertical mast. Figures 121 - 124: represent a non-limiting example of this variant.

 FIG. 121: represents the user who has just positioned the eSt 322 on the peak 323 secured to the base 324. The radial support 325 is then extended by the part 326, and the two parts are articulated by a known articulation device 327 The radial support is secured to the vertical mSt by a suitable articulation 328.

 Figure 122: represents the beginning of the parasol's opening movement.

The radial support switches on the joint 328 and the central user the downward movement under the effect of the weight of the parasol by the gen 325 extension part of the support. Simultaneously a cable 329 connecting the lower nut 330 of the counter whales, at a fixed point of the mast 322, causes the opening of the umbrella frame, As described in the previous variants with length of the lengths "r" fig. 121 and "s" Fig. 123, in accordance with the invention.

 Figure 123: represents @ l @ parasol in its position @ 'total opening with tension of the fabric, all the more to facilitate that it is its own weight which contributes to this tension. A stop 331 secured to the mast 322 pockets the radial support to continue to descend. Then, fic. 124 that it suffices to open the articulation 327 of the two parts of the radial support and therefore, @ or see @@ ipser the extended part 326 on the mast 322 by the clips 332 and thus secure the assembly. The cable 329 being guided along the radial support and along the extended part, in particular by guides 333-333a on each side of the joint 327. Thus, when the joint 327 is open FIG.

124, the cable can easily bend.

 Because of its internal position it will undergo a shrinkage coming from the tension exerted by the lower nut 330. laughed that will not harm the good behavior of the fabric.

To close the parasol, simply slide the slide 327a of the joint 327 to close the said joint and obtain a radial support lengthened by the part 326, and use this part as a lever to bring it back to the vertical position. the entire frame Fig. 121.

The canvas and all of the whales are not shown for clarity of design.

 One of the interests of the object of the invention is the eccentric position of the vertical peak of support of the whole of the parasol, said mast being fixedly at the periphery of the parasol.

 It is then advantageous, in accordance with the invention, to be able to vary the position of said vertical mast, from its eccentric potion to a central position, by means of a variable radial support.

 Reference will be made to the following appended drawings, which schematically represent 3 nonlimiting exemplary embodiments of these variants.

Figures 125 to 130: show an example of extension of the eccentric mast relative to the central cut mast.

Figure 125: shows the closed parasol. The radial support is composed of cross-pieces 334 here folded.

The vertical support mast 335 is integral with a base, not shown.

Figures 126-12 ?: represent top views, very schematically to show the positioning of the Far Squares relative to the vertical support mast 335 and relative to the central mast 336.

 Figure 126: shows all of the fertilized braces.

FIG. 127: represents the same assembly in a position of extension of the braces. The vertical mast 335 is secured to the cross braces @ by a
on the mast 335 fixed axis 337 and by a sliding axis 339. (339). Likewise. the cut mast 336 cen @@ al is secured to the crosspieces by a fix @ 338 axis and a co @ lis @ ant @ 40 axis
Fi. 126 and 128, on the central eSt 93
These adaptations of axes on a sliding ring being @es @ rocédés very con @us.

 Thus the user will open the frame of the parasol according to the known methods of adaptation of the lower nut 341 on the cut 336, then, according to its b: care, it will move the cut mast 336 because compared to the vertical of support, this by opening the braces Fig. 128.

Another 342 counterweight may be added to the set of braces.
Fig. 128, moving away from the eccentric at the same time as the cut mast in order to oppose the weight of the parasol and thus balance the whole.

 The canvas and all of the whales are not shown for clarity of design.

Figure 129: represents the open parasol but the cross bars are closed.

It can then be placed in the middle of a table when the sun is vertical and the user will vary the advance according to the movement of the sun.

 Figure 130: shows schematically, a variant of parasol support by two eccentric vertical poles. The first main vertical mast 343 comprises a set of spreaders extending a length corresponding to the total length of the parasol deployed. The is 343 is integral with the base 344.

On the ends of a central cross 334a -334b of the assembly, the cut 345 is adapted, thus dividing said assembly into two parts 346 and 347.

At the outer end of the part 347 is adapted a cut vertical mSt 348 which fits into a vertical mSt 349 secured to a base 35C.

Thus, one can have large parasols without a central pole, and enough support.

 According to another embodiment in accordance with the invention, the relative displacement of the central stroke mast can be obtained relative to the vertical mast, along a radial support.

Figures 131 to 134: schematically represent a non-limiting example of this variant.

FIG. 131: shows the open parasol secured to a radial support 351 by the whale 352 in accordance with the invention.

The radial support is secured to the vertical is 353 by means of the ce 354. Said oice 354 is articulated and clamped to the vertical is 353 by the axis 355 fig. 132. This axis also functions as a means of clamping the part 354 on the mat 353.

 This gives a variation in orientation of the radial support 351 relative to the vertical mast 353.

Er addition, the oiàce 354 and the radial support 351 are secured by means of an a @ s @ bla @ @ female-female fig. 132. The radial support 351 being able to slide on the @ arti @ @ ale 366 of the part 354 and thus, it is possible to vary the position of one relative to the other. @n secures @@ following the part @ 354 and the radial support 351 by means of a screw 357 which penetrates into the holes 358-3 @@ f @@.

133, parked in the radial support.

 FIG. 131: represents three positions of the radial support with respect to the vertical mast 353: an extreme position, an intermediate position and a practically central position.

 FIG. 134: r @@ shows the frame of the parasol in the railed position, the tightening screw 355 being loosened, the part 354 in the central position. Thus by its own weight, the frame folds against the vertical mast, according to the invention.

 Figure 135: shows the opening movement of the frame from the outside. The user will grasp the peripheral end of the radial support 351 and cause it to perform a rotational movement around the axis 355, c which will have the effect of burying the whales.

 Figure 135: represents the beam of whales in equilibrium. This position of equilibrium is a special case of that obtained in the basic invention and explained at the start of the patent.

It then suffices to tighten the screw 355 and to adapt the lower nut 361 in the cut mast 350 to obtain the complete opening of the frame. It is possible to simultaneously position the radial support with the opening of the whales by connecting the lower nut 361 to a fixed point of the mast 353 according to the appropriate means.

 According to another embodiment in accordance with the invention, it is possible to obtain the displacement of the central mast relative to the vertical mast by choosing a telescopic radial support device.

Figures 137 to 141 schematically represent a non-limiting example of this variant.

 Figures 137 to 138: show the closed parasol; for clarity, the tart of the lower nut is shown in Figure 138.

 Consider a set of telescopic tubes 361 fig. 137, on which a frame is adapted by its upper nut 362 hinges on this assembly by the axa 563 snlon known means. and the telescopic assembly 361 is itself articulated to a fixed part 364 secured to a vertical mast 355, by an axis 366.

A torsion spring 367 is adapted according to the known methods between the two parts 361 and 364 in order to create a force which disposes the telescopic part.
horizontally. A cord 368 is fixed to the tu @@ tél @ sco @ lque that / at a point 369, e @ permat to control the action of the torsion spring 367 and consequently, to arrange this telescopic assembly is in a vertical position fig. 137 for closing, either in a hori @ on @ al @@ r opening position.

 FIG. 1 @@: represents an intermediate position and o @ am @ r @ e the start of positioning of the beam frame. The two parts 364 and 361 being then perpendicular ut secured in this position by all known methods, the lower nut 370 fig. 140 in the cut mast 371 secured to the upper nut 362.

A hook 372 fig. 138, integral with the lower nut 370 fits in a hole 373 in the cut mast 371. Stability is obtained thanks to the hollow tube 374
Fig. 140 also secured to the lower nut 370, based on the flat tick 375 of the last tube of the telescopic assembly.

 Figure 140: represents the open parasol supported by the vertical pole 365 in a practically central position.

Plais the user will have the possibility to improve his protection to stretch the telescopic assembly Fig 141 and thus to move the central cut 371 away from the vertical support mast 365 which will be offset to the periphery.

 For closing, it suffices therefore to repeat the reverse action on the operating devices and pull on the cord 368 to obtain a vertical position of non-use and said cord will be attached to the mast on a special piece 376 fig. 137.

 For clarity of the drawing, only 2 whales are shown. The canvas is not shown either.

 On the other hand, special devices can be adapted to the vertical poles supporting said parasols according to the invention.

 In particular, for a set of umbrellas grouped on the same pole, as provided above.

 Figures 142b 1-W4: represent a non-limiting schematic example of such an assembly, provided with a motor device controlled by photoelectric cells in order to oppose the movement of the sun, to obtain a constant shadow zone Longer.

 Either a heavy concrete base 377, on which is adapted a general 378 supporting three eccentric masts 379 -380 - 381, three umbrellas 382-383-384 fig. 142 and 143, arranged in different horizontal planes.

 The general mast 378 and the base are connected by a tubular motor 385 according to the appropriate fixing means 385a-385b. This motor being supplied either by battery or by sector.

 The set of photoelectric cellulos 386-387 Fig. 143 placed on the parasols and connected to the motor by any known process transmitting information to it.

 The motor is therefore put into rotational movement and then drives the general mSt to orient it according to the planned settings.

 Figure 144: shows schematically, top view, the set of pa ra @ ols in a first position 3 @ 8, then in a second 389 after rotation of the general support mat.

 In the variety of forms given to the parasols of design in accordance with the invention, one will note the possibility of creating a flat parasol whose slope is determined by the radial support in order to make use of blind and to adapt to the naked of a wall.

 Figures 145 to 148 schematically illustrate a non-limiting example of this variant.

 Figure 145. represents a radial support 391 secured to a vertical mast 390, itself fixed to a heavy base 394.

 Is adapted on the end of the radial support, a parasol frame of flat and rectangular shape, according to the invention.

Figure 146: represents in profile said parasol used as a blind
The assembly is adapted to the bare surface of a 393 wall, thus protecting a window door or a terrace.

 Figure 147:: According to the invention, the frame of the floor, folded against the radial support.

 Figure 148: shows said folded radial support centers the mast 390 in the non-use position.

 The fabric 395 has a rectangular shape and secured to the ribs of the frame according to known methods.

 Note the possibility of adapting a lambrequin 396 in figure 145 to the front of the canvas.

 On the other hand, we can create new combinations for garden furniture, by adapting the parasols according to the invention to traditional equipment.

 In particular Figures 149 and 151 show such an adaptation to a garden chair.

 Figure 149: represents a garden chair 397, fitted with an open parasol 398.

 Figure 150: represents the parasol folded on the back of the chair.

 Figure 151: schematically shows a top view of the position of the umbrella relative to the chair.

 We can also adapt to a table, several umbrellas eccentric poles of the type according to the invention. Figure 152: shows two umbrellas with an offset pole suitable for a garden table. Said table serving as parasol base by means of cam clamps 399 - 400.

Figure 153: shows one of the parasols in a non-use position.

Particular importance will be given to the invention in its adaptation to the beach parasol planted in the sand. The central mast is particularly annoying in the case of a common parasol. but thanks to the offset mast system the space under the parasol according to the invention is completely free. La @ fleure 155: represents this type of parasol used on a beach. A canvas 403 helps to cut the wind, and it will be stabilized in the sand, by a particular foot fig. 154., comprising in addition to the conventional peak 401 a second peak 402, the two peaks being joined at point 401a according to the appropriate methods. The user's attention will be focused on the adaptation of this support in the sand. It is necessary to execute a back and forth movement in the plane defined by the two peaks 401-402 as indicated by the arrows in fig. 154.

this movement will double simultaneously with a push towards the ground according to the arrow in the sketch 164. Thus the support will be sufficiently depressed to provide complete safety to the user.

 Figures 156 and 156a: show a variant of the foot allowing easier transport.

 FIG. 156 represents the main peak composed of two tubes of different cross-sections 404 and 4D4a; the peak 405 is introduced into the peak 404 by means of the slide 406 which abuts on the tube 404, fig. 156a.

It is even possible to provide an appropriate articulation to allow the second peak to swing away from the central peak after use.

 Naturally, the various members of the parasol mount and of the radial supports, as well as the different combinations of these said supports with the vertical support mSts can be replaced by equivalent or similar bodies or designs, without however exceeding the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

- CLAIMS 10) Parasol of any shape including 1 vertical pole (4) d support, integral with a base (2) via an oic 1, is no longer on watch, have been removed at the periphery by a support radial (7) practicalMent horizo @ tal, solicari- to a whale (8) of the frame, whose central pole (15) is cut, characterized in that the deployment and folding of the parasol is obtained by pivoting on the articulation (13) of the whale (8), of the entire armature, passing from a horizontal folded position against the radial support fig. 3, to an intermediate equilibrium position which is a pre-opening or pre-closing depending on the direction of operation Fig. 4, in a fully open or tensioned position of the ribs Fig. 5. 20) Parasol (according to claim 1) whose vertical support mast is offset by a horizontal radial support (7) characterized in that the radial support is directly connected to the central cut mast (15) by a screed (48) which allows the operation of the frame, the whales of which perform different movements, in particular the whale (8a) diametrically opposite the radial support and which varies from 0 to 1800 relative to said support.  The central cut mast 15 is an axis of symmetry of the whales, but which is movable by the articulation 13 in the movement of the frame. 30) Parasol according to claims iou 2 characterized in that the sup @ @ @@@@@@@@ @@@@@ @@@ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @ @@@@@@@@@@@@ @ @@  Fig. 64 radial port 127 is incorporated in an articulated system of rods 122-124 allowing to develop it in space, to pass from the vertical position of non-use to the horizontal position of use while simultaneously ensuring the opening of whales. 40) Parasol according to claims t to 3 characterized in that the rods Fig. 102 tes become spring-loaded levers, in particular a common lever 269, for operating two radial supports 270-271 causing them to move from their vertical parallel position of non-use, to their perpendicular position in the horizontal plane which they define while ensuring the total opening of the two frames, as well as the tension of the fabrics.  5) Parasol according to claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the development of the radial support is effected by other methods, in particular @ t of vertical masts (306) telescopic Fig. 117 and 119 or of a system in which the radial support 298 is itself a lever FIG. 114 or in @ ore the radial support  325 tilt on articulation 328 of vertical mast 322 with lsdit support freeze  121 to 124 and this, always ensuring the simultaneous opening of the whales.  60) Parasol according to claims I or 2, characterized in that the support  radial is no longer a fixed element, but composed of extensible elements, in particular  ment by a set of cooisillons 334, fig. 125 9 130 ow by a system of  telescopic tubes 361 fig. 137 to 141. or, sliding on a piece 354  connecting it to the vertical F8t (353) providing, when the pibce 354 is in a central position, the possibility of opening the parasol from the outside, using the  from the peripheral end of d @ dit support. 7) Parasol according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized  in that the 2 lower and upper nuts, can be connected from  different ways, either by a set of telescopic tubes 69  fig 33 to 36, either by very short movements Fig 37 to 40 @,  nuts on nn nt shots 75 common, or again by adding a  second lower nut 57 which makes automatic opening possible. 8) Parasol according to any one of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that one can group several umbrellas of this type on the same pole in the same horizontal plane or in horizontal planes  different, so that we can orient the whole, by hand  or to the "jumper royen coupled with photocells fig. 52 to 56.  t) Parasol according to any one of claims 3 to 3,  characterized in that the radial support when it is one alone  piece, possibly shaped from tubes, profiles, or any  which solid material, in various forms necessary for use  requested fig 13 to 17, in particular as a whale 36 fig 19, connected  by a special articulation 35a, to the upper nut 35 fig 19 or @as a radial support 29 adapted above the canvas surface fig I8  or, combined with garden furniture fig I49 a 153. 10) Parasol according to any one of claims I to 4,  characterized in that its adaptation in the sand of a beach is  obtained by a foot composed of two peaks 101-102, secured between  them and planted in a way determined by back and forth movements  lateral and vertical growth from top to bottom