FR2500053A1 - Anchor bolt for mortar - has metal web grips with catalyst in capsule to improve grip on mortar - Google Patents
Anchor bolt for mortar - has metal web grips with catalyst in capsule to improve grip on mortar Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2500053A1 FR2500053A1 FR8102845A FR8102845A FR2500053A1 FR 2500053 A1 FR2500053 A1 FR 2500053A1 FR 8102845 A FR8102845 A FR 8102845A FR 8102845 A FR8102845 A FR 8102845A FR 2500053 A1 FR2500053 A1 FR 2500053A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- anchor bolt
- mortar
- capsule
- borehole
- accelerator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical group [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000639 Spring steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002457 flexible plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0093—Accessories
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/025—Grouting with organic components, e.g. resin
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
On connaît déJà depuis de nombreuses années des boulons d'ancrage destinés a' soutenir les parois d'une galerie de lino afin d'éviter les éboulements. On a utilisé dans ce but des boulons d'ancrage mécaniques à tête s'écartant de façon qu'ils puissent venir s'ancrer dans les parois des trous forés ; on a également utilisé des boulons d'ancrage conportant un réservoir de résine synthétique s'outrant lors de la lise en place du boulon d'ancrage dans le forage.Toutefois, ces solutions antérieures ne donnent pas satisfaction dans tous les cas car les boulons à expansion ne fonctionnent pas d'une façon régulière et efficace dans certains terrains tendres, tandis que les boulons employant une résine ont une durée de vie en pot assez courte, supportent mal les aléas do transport du fait de leur encartouchage très mince pour éviter de former écran entre la barre et la paroi du forage. De plus, ces cartouches ont un volume limité de résine qui peut se perdre dans les vides du terrain, et exigent un malaxage qui mélange des débris rocheux et l'eau dans certains cas, ces situations créant toujours des résultats aléatoires. We have already known for many years anchor bolts intended to support the walls of a lino gallery in order to avoid landslides. For this purpose, mechanical anchor bolts with a head which moved apart were used so that they could come to anchor in the walls of the drilled holes; anchor bolts have also been used, including a synthetic resin tank that will outcrow when the anchor bolt is read into the borehole. However, these prior solutions are not satisfactory in all cases because the bolts expansion do not work in a regular and efficient way in some soft soils, while the bolts using a resin have a short pot life, poorly withstand the vagaries of transport due to their very thin filling to avoid forming screen between the bar and the borehole wall. In addition, these cartridges have a limited volume of resin which can be lost in the voids of the ground, and require a mixing which mixes rocky debris and water in certain cases, these situations always creating random results.
Ainsi on a été amené à utiliser des boulons d'ancrage qui sont maintenus par un mortier ou un coulis de cinent mais la difficulté réside dans le fait que si l'on peut aisément placer les boulons d'ancrage dans des forages horizontaux il n'en est pas de s8no dans les forages très inclinés sinon verticaux du toit de la galerie car si on emploie un mortier très épais on ne peut plus faire pénétrer les boulons d'ancrage dans le forage et Si on utilise un mortier trop fluide celui-ci ne tient pas dans le forage et ne pernet donc pas une pénétration correcte du boulon d'ancrage. Thus we have been led to use anchor bolts which are held by a mortar or a mortar grout but the difficulty lies in the fact that if we can easily place the anchor bolts in horizontal drilling there is no This is not the case in very inclined if not vertical drilling of the roof of the gallery because if we use a very thick mortar we can no longer penetrate the anchor bolts in the drilling and if we use too fluid mortar this one does not fit in the borehole and therefore does not allow proper penetration of the anchor bolt.
La présente invention remédie à ces inconvénients en criant un boulon d'ancrage qui peut être utilisé dans n'inporte quelle position entre l'horizontale et la verticale, celui-ci étant placé dans le forage vide maintenu par des éléments élastiques prévus sur la tige du boulon d'ancrage, puis on injecte ensuite un mortier qui est très rapidement figé au moyen d'un accélérateur fulgurant qui permet ainsi la fixation correcte du boulon d'ancrage et la mise en place de la plaque de maintien des parois de la galerie quelle que soit la position de ce boulon d'ancrage. The present invention overcomes these drawbacks by shouting an anchor bolt which can be used in any position between the horizontal and the vertical, the latter being placed in the empty borehole held by elastic elements provided on the rod of the anchor bolt, then a mortar is injected which is very quickly set by means of a dazzling accelerator which thus allows the correct fixing of the anchor bolt and the positioning of the retaining plate for the gallery walls regardless of the position of this anchor bolt.
Conformément à l'invention, le boulon d'ancrage porte, à sa partie supérieure, un capuchon ou coite présentant un certain nombre d'ailes latérales destinées à s 'ancrer par leurs extrémités libres dans les parois du trou foré puis l'ensemble est revêtu d'un manchon ou gaine souple cylindrique maintenant, a' l'extreité supérieure du boulon d'ancrage, une capsule qui peut autre aisément brisée et contenant un accélérateur de prise, la capsule étant fermée à sa partie supérieure après son remplissage par un tampon souple déformable formant butée non destructible sous poussée manuelle, tandis qu'il est prévu latéralement sur cet ensemble un long tube fornant évent destiné à l'évacuation de l'air ou des gaz contenus dans le trou de forage au moment de l'ittection du coulis ou mor- tier de ciment. According to the invention, the anchor bolt carries, at its upper part, a cap or shell having a certain number of lateral wings intended to be anchored by their free ends in the walls of the drilled hole then the assembly is coated with a cylindrical flexible sleeve or sheath now, at the upper end of the anchor bolt, a capsule which can other easily be broken and containing a setting accelerator, the capsule being closed at its upper part after filling with a flexible deformable buffer forming a non-destructible stop under manual push, while a long forcing tube is provided laterally on this assembly intended for the evacuation of the air or gases contained in the borehole at the time of erection cement grout or mortar.
Suivant une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le manchon souple présente un certain nombre de trous radiaux permettant le passage de l'accélérateur de prise. According to another characteristic of the invention, the flexible sleeve has a certain number of radial holes allowing the passage of the setting accelerator.
Diverses autres caractéristiques de l'invention ressortent d'ailleurs de la description détaillée qui suit. Various other characteristics of the invention will also emerge from the detailed description which follows.
Une forme de réalisation de l'objet de l'invention est représentée, à titre d'exemple, aux dessins annexés. An embodiment of the object of the invention is shown, by way of example, in the accompanying drawings.
La fig. 1 est une coupe-élévation d'un forage contenant un boulon d'ancrage suivant l'invention. Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a borehole containing an anchor bolt according to the invention.
La fig. 2 est une coupe longitudinale d'un forage montrant le boulon de l'invention pendant le serrage do la plaque de maintien. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of a borehole showing the bolt of the invention during the tightening of the retaining plate.
A la fig. 1, on a représenté un forage 1 qui est un trou foré verticalement dans le toit d'une galerie de mine de façon à permettre la mise en place d'un boulon d'ancrage. Ce dernier est constitué par une barre en acier profilé haute adhérence 2 de fO ne cylindrique présentant, sur son pourtour, des surépaisseurs 3 facilitant l'an crage du mortier.L'extrémité 2a de la barre 2, qui est plate, est revêtue d'un capuchon ou coiffe 4 réalisé en acier à ressort et présentant, à sa partie inférioure, deux ailes 5, 6 qui permettent le maintien temporaire du boulon d'ancrage 2 en s'ancrant par leurs extrémités libres dans les parois du forage 1. Comme on peut le voir aisément à la fig. 1, un manchon 7, qui est le plus souvent réalisé en une matière plastique souple, est enfilé sur le capuchon ou coiffe 4 et maintient, à sa partie supé- rieure, une capsule 8 sensiblement cylindrique contenant intérieurement des grains durs 9 et un liquide 10 qui est l'accélérateur fulgurant destiné à la prise instantanée du mortier ou coulis de ciment qui sera envoyé dane le forage.Finalement, la capsule 8 se termine par un tampon 17 ferment celle-ci et qui est en une matière déformable telle qu'une matière plastique synthétique souple assurant, d'une part, l'étanchéité de la capsule 8 et, d'au- tre part, un contact aisé avec le fond du forage 1. il est également prévu un tube évent 12 maintenu sur le manchon? par une bande souple 13. In fig. 1, there is shown a borehole 1 which is a hole drilled vertically in the roof of a mine gallery so as to allow the establishment of an anchor bolt. The latter consists of a high-grip profiled steel bar 2 of cylindrical shape having, around its periphery, thickeners 3 facilitating the anchoring of the mortar. The end 2a of the bar 2, which is flat, is coated with 'a cap or cap 4 made of spring steel and having, at its lower part, two wings 5, 6 which allow the temporary maintenance of the anchor bolt 2 by anchoring by their free ends in the walls of the borehole 1. As can easily be seen in fig. 1, a sleeve 7, which is most often made of a flexible plastic material, is threaded onto the cap or cap 4 and maintains, at its upper part, a substantially cylindrical capsule 8 containing internally hard grains 9 and a liquid 10 which is the rapid accelerator intended for the instantaneous setting of the mortar or cement slurry which will be sent to the borehole. Finally, the capsule 8 ends with a buffer 17 which closes the latter and which is made of a deformable material such as a flexible synthetic plastic material ensuring, on the one hand, the sealing of the capsule 8 and, on the other hand, easy contact with the bottom of the borehole 1. there is also provided a vent tube 12 held on the sleeve ? by a flexible strip 13.
En général l'accélérateur de prise est à baie de silicate inhibé mais il pourrait être constitué par un autre produit. In general, the setting accelerator is silicate bay inhibited but it could be constituted by another product.
lorsque le forage est réalisé en place à linté- rieur le boulon d'ancrage qui est maintenu par les ailes 5, 6, cons déjà décrit ci-dessus, puis on injecte sous pression le mortier ou coulis de ciment dans le forage et on peut également, dans certains cas, commencer par inJee- ter tout ou partie du coulis ou mortier de ciment puis introduire ensuite le boulon d'ancrage. Lorsque l'ensemble est on place comme représenté à la fig. 1, on enfile sur la partie inférieure 2b filetée du boulon d'ancrage 2 d'une part la plaque de maintien 20 et d'autre part l'écrou 21 qui pousse la plaque vers le haut dans le sens des flèches F1 (fig. 2) jusqu'au contact avec le sol ss1*
Bien entendu, avant d'effectuer ce travail, on a repoussé le boulon d'ancrage dans le forage 1 au moyen, par exan- pie, d'un coup de masse ou de marteau pneumatique de façon à ce que ce boulon d'ancrage pénètre le plus prof on dément possible dans le forage en brisant la capsule 8 ce qui fait se répandre înstantsément l'accélérateur ful- gurant 10 et les grains 9 en bloquant ainsi aisément le boulon d'ancrage dans un mortier ou coulis de ciment tre's résistant.L'écoulement des grains 9 ainsi que du liquide formant l'accélérateur de prise s'effectue complémentai- remuent à travers les troua 22 radialement disposés sur le manchon 7. La pénétration du boulon d'ancrage est limi- tée par la déformation du tampon 11 comme cela est visible à la fig. 2. On obtient ainsi la mise en place de boulons d'ancrage de façon très satisfaisante et rapide quelle que soit la position du trou de forage entre l'horizontale et la verticale puisque le mortier tient parfaitement le boulon d'ancrage aussi bien par les ailes 5, 6 que par les surépaisseurs 3 on permettant ainsi un blocage très puissant de la plaque de maintien 20. Le remplissage du forage est complet.when the drilling is carried out in place inside the anchor bolt which is held by the wings 5, 6, cons already described above, then the cement mortar or grout is injected under pressure into the drilling and it is possible to Also, in some cases, start by injecting all or part of the grout or cement mortar, then insert the anchor bolt. When the assembly is placed as shown in FIG. 1, the threaded lower part 2b of the anchor bolt 2 is threaded on the one hand the retaining plate 20 and on the other hand the nut 21 which pushes the plate upwards in the direction of the arrows F1 (fig. 2) until contact with the ground ss1 *
Of course, before carrying out this work, the anchor bolt was pushed back into the borehole 1 by means of an earth blow or pneumatic hammer, so that this anchor bolt penetrates as deep as possible into the borehole by breaking the capsule 8 which makes the instant accelerator spread 10 and the grains 9 thus easily blocking the anchor bolt in a mortar or cement grout very resistant The flow of the grains 9 as well as of the liquid forming the setting accelerator takes place additionally through the holes 22 radially disposed on the sleeve 7. The penetration of the anchor bolt is limited by the deformation of the buffer 11 as can be seen in FIG. 2. The installation of anchor bolts is thus obtained in a very satisfactory and rapid manner regardless of the position of the borehole between the horizontal and the vertical since the mortar holds the anchor bolt perfectly as well by the wings 5, 6 only by the extra thicknesses 3 thus allowing a very powerful blocking of the retaining plate 20. The filling of the borehole is complete.
il est également prévu, dans certains cas, d'enduire les différentes pièces constituant le boulon d'ancrage de produits résistant aux agents considérés. it is also planned, in certain cases, to coat the various parts constituting the anchor bolt with products resistant to the agents considered.
L'invention n'est pas limitée à l'exemple de réalisation représenté et decrit en détail car diverses modifications peuvent y être apportées sans sortir de son cadre. The invention is not limited to the embodiment shown and described in detail because various modifications can be made without departing from its scope.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8102845A FR2500053A1 (en) | 1981-02-13 | 1981-02-13 | Anchor bolt for mortar - has metal web grips with catalyst in capsule to improve grip on mortar |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8102845A FR2500053A1 (en) | 1981-02-13 | 1981-02-13 | Anchor bolt for mortar - has metal web grips with catalyst in capsule to improve grip on mortar |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2500053A1 true FR2500053A1 (en) | 1982-08-20 |
Family
ID=9255167
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8102845A Withdrawn FR2500053A1 (en) | 1981-02-13 | 1981-02-13 | Anchor bolt for mortar - has metal web grips with catalyst in capsule to improve grip on mortar |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2500053A1 (en) |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4470457A (en) * | 1981-02-23 | 1984-09-11 | Proizvodstvennoe Geologicheskoe Obiedinenie Tsentralnykh Raionov "Tsentrgeologiya" | Device for the transfer of plugging and grouting materials to, and their processing at, a pre-set level in a well |
| US4681477A (en) * | 1983-03-19 | 1987-07-21 | Walter Fischer | Invisible connection for faced parts, in particular for furniture |
| US5098228A (en) * | 1989-03-22 | 1992-03-24 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Destructible cartridge for securing anchor member |
| US6033153A (en) * | 1994-08-30 | 2000-03-07 | Industrial Rollformers Pty. Limited | Rock bolt and method of installing a rock bolt |
| WO2001088339A1 (en) * | 2000-05-18 | 2001-11-22 | Fosroc International Limited | Method for setting anchoring bolts in mines |
| US6447228B1 (en) | 1998-05-22 | 2002-09-10 | Industrial Roll Formers Pty Ltd. | Rock bolt and method of forming a rock bolt |
| AU2004202913B2 (en) * | 2001-02-20 | 2006-02-02 | Dywidag-Systems International Pty Limited | Rock Bolt Assembly |
| US7037058B2 (en) | 2001-03-21 | 2006-05-02 | Industrial Roll Formers Pty. Ltd. | Resin embedded rock bolt |
| AU2004201693B2 (en) * | 1994-08-30 | 2006-08-10 | Minova Australia Pty Limited | Resin Cartridge Insertion Device and Method |
| US7568862B2 (en) | 2003-11-07 | 2009-08-04 | Sean Peter Buxton | Plug member |
| WO2021181140A1 (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-09-16 | Tenax S.P.A. | Apparatus for rock reinforcement |
| CN114412524A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-04-29 | 中国矿业大学 | Dynamic grouting intrinsic safety type anchor grouting reinforcement-gas extraction efficiency enhancement dual-purpose system |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1253773A (en) * | 1959-04-20 | 1961-02-10 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | Method of fixing bolts in the holes drilled in the rock to receive them |
| DE1101324B (en) * | 1959-10-06 | 1961-03-09 | Becorit Grubenausbau Gmbh | Mountain anchor, especially for mining operations |
| FR1268624A (en) * | 1960-06-24 | 1961-08-04 | Forges Et Boulonneries Hermant | Advanced anchoring device |
| GB1055841A (en) * | 1964-02-10 | 1967-01-18 | Howlett Machine Works | Rock bolt |
| FR1483048A (en) * | 1966-05-04 | 1967-06-02 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | Anchor piece especially for mining |
| FR2246762A1 (en) * | 1973-10-03 | 1975-05-02 | Upat Max Langensiepen Kg | |
| FR2404758A1 (en) * | 1977-09-30 | 1979-04-27 | Kubota Ltd | ANCHOR BOLT |
-
1981
- 1981-02-13 FR FR8102845A patent/FR2500053A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1253773A (en) * | 1959-04-20 | 1961-02-10 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | Method of fixing bolts in the holes drilled in the rock to receive them |
| DE1101324B (en) * | 1959-10-06 | 1961-03-09 | Becorit Grubenausbau Gmbh | Mountain anchor, especially for mining operations |
| FR1268624A (en) * | 1960-06-24 | 1961-08-04 | Forges Et Boulonneries Hermant | Advanced anchoring device |
| GB1055841A (en) * | 1964-02-10 | 1967-01-18 | Howlett Machine Works | Rock bolt |
| FR1483048A (en) * | 1966-05-04 | 1967-06-02 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | Anchor piece especially for mining |
| FR2246762A1 (en) * | 1973-10-03 | 1975-05-02 | Upat Max Langensiepen Kg | |
| FR2404758A1 (en) * | 1977-09-30 | 1979-04-27 | Kubota Ltd | ANCHOR BOLT |
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4470457A (en) * | 1981-02-23 | 1984-09-11 | Proizvodstvennoe Geologicheskoe Obiedinenie Tsentralnykh Raionov "Tsentrgeologiya" | Device for the transfer of plugging and grouting materials to, and their processing at, a pre-set level in a well |
| US4681477A (en) * | 1983-03-19 | 1987-07-21 | Walter Fischer | Invisible connection for faced parts, in particular for furniture |
| US5098228A (en) * | 1989-03-22 | 1992-03-24 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Destructible cartridge for securing anchor member |
| AU2004201693B2 (en) * | 1994-08-30 | 2006-08-10 | Minova Australia Pty Limited | Resin Cartridge Insertion Device and Method |
| US6033153A (en) * | 1994-08-30 | 2000-03-07 | Industrial Rollformers Pty. Limited | Rock bolt and method of installing a rock bolt |
| US6447228B1 (en) | 1998-05-22 | 2002-09-10 | Industrial Roll Formers Pty Ltd. | Rock bolt and method of forming a rock bolt |
| WO2001088339A1 (en) * | 2000-05-18 | 2001-11-22 | Fosroc International Limited | Method for setting anchoring bolts in mines |
| AU2004202913B2 (en) * | 2001-02-20 | 2006-02-02 | Dywidag-Systems International Pty Limited | Rock Bolt Assembly |
| US7037058B2 (en) | 2001-03-21 | 2006-05-02 | Industrial Roll Formers Pty. Ltd. | Resin embedded rock bolt |
| US7568862B2 (en) | 2003-11-07 | 2009-08-04 | Sean Peter Buxton | Plug member |
| WO2021181140A1 (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-09-16 | Tenax S.P.A. | Apparatus for rock reinforcement |
| WO2021180983A1 (en) | 2020-03-13 | 2021-09-16 | Tenax S.P.A. | Rock reinforcement equipment |
| CN114412524A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-04-29 | 中国矿业大学 | Dynamic grouting intrinsic safety type anchor grouting reinforcement-gas extraction efficiency enhancement dual-purpose system |
| CN114412524B (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2023-03-03 | 中国矿业大学 | Dynamic grouting intrinsic safety type anchor grouting reinforcement-gas extraction efficiency enhancement dual-purpose system |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| ST | Notification of lapse |