FR2502688A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONSOLIDATING FIELD LAYERS FOR MINING AND UNDERGROUND WORKS - Google Patents

Abstract

THE INVENTION CONCERNS A PROCESS AND A DEVICE FOR CONSOLIDATION OF LAND LAYERS FOR MINING EXPLOITATIONS AND UNDERGROUND SITES. THIS DEVICE CONSISTS OF A TUBULAR ROD 10 WHICH IS INTRODUCED INTO A DRILLED HOLE 9 AND WHICH PROJECTS FROM A PREDETERMINED DISTANCE. AT ITS LOWER END 13 PROJECTING OUTSIDE THE HOLE, THE ROD 10 INCLUDES A PLATE 11 AND A CONNECTION BODY 15 TO A HIGH PRESSURE PUMP. THE LATTER INTRODUCES IN THE SAID ROD 10 AND IN THE HOLE 9 A CONSOLIDATION MATERIAL THAT THE SEALING RINGS 20 PREVENT FROM RETURNING IN THE VOUTE 16 OF THE GALLERY. APPLICATION TO THE SHORING OF MINING GALLERIES AND TUNNELS.

Description

The present invention relates to a method

  consolidation of layers of land in

  mining and construction of tunnels and tunnels.

  leries, a process in which the reinforcing material is injected under pressure into the ground, in and / or through drilled holes prepared in advance. The invention

  in addition to a scheme designed to consolidate

  dation (in particular by anchoring) of layers of ground, consists of a rod which is introduced into the drilled hole

  and projecting from a predetermined distance.

  In underground mining

  underground workings, galleries or other

  Those excavated during work with explosives or with vein-tracing machines are supported by a rigid or flexible steel or reinforced concrete support, or even by an anchoring structure. In particular, the slaughtering galleries and those which suffer the effects of the exploitation are then very often fought and supported by a consolidation of the layers of the neighboring ground, either afterwards, or at the time of their digging. A

  cement mixture or an adhesive plastic material

  is then introduced under pressure into the

  rain through drilled holes. The layers of land as well

  consolidated accounts can better absorb the resulting constraints.

  felling and galleries which are supported only by steel or concrete hoops, or by

  a concrete composite support. In addition,

  reads adhesive cartridges or an injection process

  in the same size, so as to support the tail front.

  coal tending to form slopes. For this purpose, so-called wooden dowels (ie long wooden stems) are also introduced into the primed drilled holes, to be stuck to retain if possible.

  thus, or "peel" the layers of coal.

  It is also known to support the mining galleries and chambers by means of structures

  in which case the layers of soil with

  to delaminate are subject to more

  solid by means of anchor bolts. These bolts of

  Furthermore, the effect of the cage is to maintain the cohesion of the layers interposed between the anchor plate and the tip of the bolt. There are different anchoring systems, for example using anchor bolts with expandable anchors, adhesive anchor bolts and

  sliding anchor bolts. However, the inconvenience

  deny of these anchoring processes lies in the fact that

  only a tubular or piriform zone of the ground is

  held around the bolt, so that, depending on the nature of the terrain, it may occur that anchored layers yield to their open section. This is valid, inter alia, for adhesive anchor bolts in which, especially in the presence of a cracked ground, the adhesive mass is often insufficient to ensure satisfactory adhesion between the bolt and the ground, since this adhesive mass flows

in the cracks.

  It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method by which the area of

  ground chosen each time by the interventions

  cited can be considerably larger and

  it can be uninterrupted around the tunnel, or by which the retention of the coal layers can be optimized. The invention furthermore proposes devices

suitable for this process.

  According to the essential characteristics of the

  vention, bolts or anchors are introduced.

  in the drilled hole to be glued with the material

  consolidation, together with consolidation

ground.

  Thanks to the simultaneous introduction and bonding of the anchor bolt, or stabilization in the vein of the anchor nail introduced into the drilled hole which is in any case necessary for the consolidation, it is possible not only to combine and optimize two work passes, but it is also possible at the same time to create, around the gallery, a consolidated mass of

  land that can no longer yield> since it is stable

  further stabilized by the anchor bolts in the area adjacent to the section of the gallery. In this case, the length of the drilled hole is predetermined according to the criteria of consolidation of the ground, regardless of the length of the anchor rods. The length of these anchor rods

  will, as a rule, be less than that of drilled holes.

  The process of the invention also has advantageous effects

  when used to anchor

  veins of coal, since the region in the

  what is the adhesive or the material of

  consolidation is considerably larger.

  To effectively prevent the material from

  solidification to push back into the inner space of the gallery, this material is introduced under a reduced pressure in the area of the mouth of the hole. This allows at the same time an adhesion of the anchor tail over its entire length,

  so that the cohesion of the layers of the ground is also

  maintained in this area due to their connection to the anchor bolt, which is particularly advantageous in the presence of bolts and anchors

arranged at the oblique.

  In accordance with the invention, to obtain

  jointing a good consolidation of the ground by gluing and good adhesion of the device against the wall of the

  drilled hole, it is used as a

  a sticky mass of good adhesion, foaming or non-foaming, which is pressed against or in the ground in sections from the deepest zone of the hole in the longitudinal direction of the latter. Thus, the layers furthest from

  the area of the inner diameter of the gallery, then the

  close to this area, which not only allows

  avoid an involuntary return of the material of con-

  in the inner space of the gallery, but simul-

  At the same time, there is a systematic adhesion and consolidation of the layers of the ground in the regions of this land which are not yet under the influence of slaughter. It is the same when used to ccnsclicer a vein by anchoring because, in this case, the areas farthest from the face of the waist feels First retained by adhesion, after which it is the case areas of the

  vein which have already been somewhat loosened by the

  floor. To ensure restraint by anchoring, it can

  be advantageous to introduce into the drilled hole the material

  consolidation in cartridges,

  then break them off with the help of an ounce of

  tubular hollow, then to distribute said material in the

  borehole and, at the same time, in said tail itself.

  A tubular anchor is then called a cis-

  which consists of a hollow stem through which the

  adhesive is pushed during the injection and in which this material is pressed when using

cartridges.

  For the implementation of the process of

  A device consisting of a rod which is introduced into the drilled hole and projects from a predetermined distance is used. According to the invention, this rod is tubular. Such a device can be inserted

  in the hole drilled as soon as it is completed, the

  consolidation material being then introcessed by pressure in the ground by traversing the hollow rod, thanks to _ns high pressure pump. In this case, the cavity separating the tubular casing and the wall of the drilled hole s'efrlic

  naturally of this material ccnsolidation and she col1-

  thus darise the rod and the hole. This gives a regular adhesion of the rod over its entire length. In addition, this rod is itself filled with material of

  consolidation, and she is responsible for this -Faim a sow.

  This rod is then advantageously made of a highly resilient elastic material and e ~ e ~ u ~ a connection end or connection at its end projecting beyond the hole. Thanks to this connection tip

  connection, the rod can be connected without

  ficulty or loss of time at the high pressure pump.

  Since the layers of the terrain are

  very often delaminated in the immediate vicinity of the deli-

  mitation of the gallery as well as holes, and that,

  as a result, consolidation material may be re-

  stepped into the free space of the gallery by traversing the entire length of the hole drilled during its injection, the rod has judiciously in its lower region

  one or more sealing flanges pierced with ori-

  fices of small diameter extending parallel to the rod.

  This or these sealing collars make it possible to obtain in a simple manner the desired reduction of pressure in

the lower zone of the device.

  Instead of providing the rod with watertight collars

  it may also be wise to thin the envelope

  tubular in one or more annular zones and of

  above these zones, a sealing valve on the outer face of the tubular casing. Said seal valve first allows the development in the rod of a pressure such that the elastic material expands in the thinned areas to form a bead which then applies tightly against the wall of the hole. However, the sealing valves are made so as to flex when a corresponding pressure is reached or exceeded, and thus to allow the flow of the consolidation material into the intermediate space.

  separating the wall of the hole and the anchor rod.

  Advantageously, and especially when the

  positive according to the invention is used to 'peel' coal layers tending to collapse, the tubular casing is pierced with holes distributed in specific areas or over its entire length and has at its lower end protruding out of the hole a quick hitch. Such a device causes more than an injection into the coal

  or in the field, and the quick coupler mounted at the end

  projecting high speed allows a fast connection with

  the high pressure pump or the filling pump.

  In a simple way, to prevent a backflow of the consolidation material from the hollow stem, the quick coupler consisting of a nestable member with a means

  has a narrowed area associated with a

  ball pope lodged in the rod above this area

narrowed.

  According to the invention, to facilitate the introduction of the rod into holes drilled for example in coal, the end of this rod housed

  in said drilled hole can be closed by a pre-filled plug.

  feeling a rounded hat and a snap-on end,

  said cap projecting beyond the inner wall

  dull of the tubular envelope. During the consecutive introduction under pressure of the consolidation material to fill the stem, the plug is pushed away from

  said stem, so that a sufficient amount of material

  filling may exceed the maximum opening

of said rod.

  To ensure easier restraint of the

  Within the drilled hole, the tubular casing has barbs pointing downwards. He is in

  it is also advantageous to have the collars or

  sealing pets at the tip and / or the length of

  the rod, so that these flanges or valves

  put some sections. Depending on the use case considered, it may also be advantageous to provide the rod, in addition to a nestable end, a tapping

  arranged in its extremity situated towards the gallery.

  In an embodiment according to the invention, intended in particular for consolidation by anchoring coal layers having a tendency to collapse, one or

  several cartridges, filled with

  and mechanically destructible, are housed in the

  inside the stem. Furthermore, the inner space of the rod can be divided into two chambers by a partition which, extending in the tubular casing and movable longitudinally in the latter, has a mixing head at its end facing the tip of the rod . In such an embodiment, the device at the same time constitutes the cartridge which, appropriately, is no longer destroyed. On the contrary, the components of the adhesive, contained previously in

  the separate rooms are brewed by the mixing head

  when the partition is extracted and they enter

  so in reaction. To guarantee a refoulement of the

  sif at the appropriate time out of the rod serving as

  key, the lateral edges of the partition are shaped dovetail. In this case, the tubular casing has judiciously, in the region of a guide groove, recesses which can be closed by

  the partition in the direction of the rooms. To ensure the

  the area of this guiding bleed,

  sealing gates can be conveniently placed on

said partition.

  To make a good mix of the material of

  consolidation or adhesive, the mixing head

  wears slots that extend continuously,

  or helically, from the underside to the upper face

  Similarly, to facilitate the retention of the cartridge rod within the drilled hole, and to prevent improper delivery of the adhesive mass from said hole, the lower end of said shank has a sealing bead. which at the same time serves to keep the slot as small as possible

arranged in the partition.

  The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of non-limiting examples and in which:

  Figure 1 is a fragmentary cross-section

  of a consolidated gallery nar anchoring FIG. 2 is a longitudinal shot through a drilled hole into which a stem is inserted:

  FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section representing

  sensing said bored hole and another -Form this embodiment of the rod: Figure 4 is a longitudinal section showing an alternative embodiment of said rod, along which length are distributed orifices

  FIG. 5 is a fragmentary cross-section

  FIG. 6 is a cross section of a shank serving as a cartridge; Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section of a rod as a cartridge; Fig. 8 is a side elevation of said rod of Fig. 7;

  FIG. 3 is a fragmentary longitudinal section

  the cover of said rod of FIG. 7; and

  FIG. 10 is a partial elevation

  feeling several rods serve as cartridges and connected

to each other.

  The gallery 1 illustrated in Figure 1 consists, for example, in a transverse gallery or bovette which must be further shoring as a result of operations. It could also be

  a combined gallery of exploitation. The terrain next to

sinant carries the reference 2.

  As shown in FIG. 1, when the method described above is used in the terrain around 2,

  a field professional who is conso-

  lide the peripheral boundary of the gallery. This mass of ground is subdivided, by heulors i and aricr2ae elements, into a zone 6 and by injection of consolidation material, in a zone 7, the two zones 6 and 7, however, closing a coherent assembly. An area 8, delimited only near the mouth of each gold hole, is not

  or is only slightly impregnated with the

  tion, so that it is practically only wrought. A

  gallery thus supported can absorb very large

  stresses and even variable stresses.

  Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the bolts of

  4 which are introduced into a drilled hole 9. It is

  out of these figures that said bolts 4 are not

  inserted from the bottom up to the most

  found a hole drilled, but there remains between this deep zone and each bolt a more or less large cavity

  which is filled with consolidation material during the in-

  Eject. Rods 10, of tubular form and made of a highly elastic material, have for example a plate 11 at their end 13 located on the side

  gallery. Said plate 11 prevents firstly a failure to

  consolidation material. In view of its

  rope to the high pressure pump. each rod 10 has a tapping 14 in its end 13 located

  gallery side. Through said tapping 14, can be connected

  Strung both a flexible high-pressure tube and suspension plates or hooks for example. to trains suspended monorails. Indeed, bolts 4 and 5 anchoring elements or rods 10 of this type are increasingly used to ensure a safe suspension

  suspended monorail trains, feed ducts

  and similar operating devices.

  The delivery of the consolidation material in an internal space 16 of the gallery is prevented by sealing flanges 20 which are mounted in a

  lower region 21 of the rod 10, to some extent

  tance of the mouth 18 of each hole.

  In FIGS. 2 and 3, the arrows show that, by means of the high pressure pump and the flexible conduit 15, the consolidation material, passing through a tubular envelope 12, penetrates into the drilled hole 9, and then imprint of the crevices 23 to reach the ground 2. Each flange 1 0 sealing 20, pierced with orifices 22 of small diameter, oriented parallel to the rod 10, ensures that the consolidation material does not enter this zone only under a low pressure, so that it is not then pushed back into the internal space 16 of the gallery. In the embodiment variant of the rod 10

  shown in FIG. 3, each flange of

  Chéité 20 is replaced by annular zones 24 and 25 in which the wall of the tutular envelope 1.2 is thinned. One or more sealing or closure valves 26, located at one end end 19, ensure that, before the penetration of the consolidation material in this

  zone, it develops first inside the

  The tubular belt 12 is sufficiently high that the annular zones 24 and 25 expand to form beads. These apply against the

  hole 9 and prevent backflow of the

consolidation material.

  Barbs 27, directed downwards and distributed in the upper region of the rod 10 or over the entire length thereof, are intended to prevent premature skidding of the anchor bolt out of the hole 9 and they increase in size.

  same time the adhesion of said bolt in said hole 9 em-

fold of consolidation material.

  FIG. 4 represents a tubular anchoring shank

  appropriate, for example, to consolidate

  coal that tends to shatter. This queue of

  it is made of a highly elastic material along the length of which are distributed holes 31, 32, 33 and 34. At the lower end of the shank is marked 30 and, like the rod 10 of Figures 1 to 3. 30, there is a quick coupler 35 housing a

  ball valve 36. A seal 37

  fishing an overflow of the consolidation material in

the internal space of the gallery.

  The upper end of the anchor tail is closed by a plug 38 comprising a rounded cap 39 and

  a nestable end 40 through which said

  chon 38 is placed on the anchor tail 30.

  Figure 5 shows the use of an anchor shank 30 in size. Cartridges 43 containing consolidation material are first introduced into the drilled hole 9 and then, through the anchoring tail 30, these cartridges are destroyed.

  such that said consolidation material

  It is formed, on the one hand, in crevices or limes 42 of a vein 41 and, on the other hand, in the anchoring tail 30 itself. In this way, a face of size 46 between a roof 44 and a floor 45 is consolidated so

  to give birth to an approximately vertical front.

  The reference 47 further designates a narrowing formed in the quick coupler 35 and on which the ball of the valve 36 can be supported to effectively prevent an overflow of the consolidation material out of the

anchor tail 30.

  Figures 6, 7, 8 and 9 illustrate a rod 10 which is at the same time configured as a cartridge 51 receiving the consolidation material. For this purpose,

  cartridge 51 has two compartments or chambers

  52 and 53 to which it is given birth by a subdivision in two parts of an internal space 59 of the cartridge 51 by a partition 6fl. At its upper end 69, this partition 68 is integral with a mixing head 71 which is

  fixed or rotary mounting on said partition 68. One end

  lower mite 70 of this partition 68 is above a bottom 72 and it comprises, in a protruding part

  75, a plurality of recesses 74 for facilitating the extraction of

  or tearing of the partition 68 of the cartridge 51.

  To allow the passage of said partition 68, the bottom

  72 is provided with a corresponding slot 73.

  The mixing head 71 has a plurality of uninterrupted slots 79 and 80, extending from the lower face 77 to the upper face 78. The purpose of these slits is, when

  the maneuvering of the partition 68, to allow the

  wise of the consolidation material recoult in space

  free formed above the head 7%.

  These slots 79 and 90 are arranged obliquely, ci helically, for example

  and are in any case configured- or re-sijed so as to assure a brassyge correct coupesant, the I adnsif stored in the Games chambers 52 and 53. A mixture or entry premature reaction in the area of a lid 81, components contained by the chambers 52 and 53, is effectively prevented by sealing plugs 82 st 83 which, as illustrated by FIG.

  FIG. 9 are introduced into said slots 79 and 80.

  Judiciously, the sealing caps 82 and 83

are part of the lid 81.

  To facilitate the operation of the partition 68 and to ensure overall adhesion of the cartridge 51

  in the drilled hole, side edges 85 and 86 of the-

  said septum 68 are dovetailed and penetrate into a guide groove 90. In the vicinity of this groove, that is to say in the region in which the parci of the chambers 52 and 53 is less thick, are made of

  notches 87 and 88 by which the material of con-

  solidation, once mixed, can penetrate into the estrace

  between the cartridge 51 and the ground 2. Com-

  As shown in Figure 6, it may then be convenient to provide sealing tongues 91 near the respective lateral edges 85 and 86. It is also advantageous to provide sealing tabs 22 near the slot. 73 of the bottom 72, aPfn effectively prevent a backflow of the material corsolidation

  by said slot 73. The latter is in the form of:

  trecie as far as possible and necessary. For this purpose, the casing of the cartridge 51 provides a sealing bead 93, which simultaneously causes a seal of the lower region of said cartridge and a better retention of this cartridge 51 in the

drilled hole.

  Figure 10 shows several cartridges

  51, 96 and 97 which, connected to each other, are now

  kept in reserve and which, if necessary, are detached by means of sectioning or tearing lines 95 and 96 and which are introduced individually. For this purpose, intermediate sections 94> 94 'are used, which are also intended to prevent a backflow of the consolidation material of the individual cartridges 51, 96 and 97. It goes without saying that many modifications

  can be made to the process and device de-

  written and shown, without departing from the scope of the invention.

1 4

Claims (20)

  1. Method of consolidating layers of earth   in mining and underground construction sites, for example tunnel and tunnel construction, in which the consolidation material is injected under pressure   in drilled holes and, optionally or alternatively, through   bored and primed holes, characterized in that, together with the consolidation of the ground, bolts or anchoring nails are introduced into each drilled hole and are glued into said hole with said material consolidation.   2. Process according to claim 1, characterized   in that the consolidation material is introduced   under reduced pressure in the region of the plug of the drilled hole.   3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that, as a consolidation material,   a sticky mass of good adhesion, soft   healthy or not foaming, which is pressed against or in the ground in sections from the deepest zone   of the drilled hole, in the longitudinal direction of the latter.   4, A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the consolidation material enclosed in cartridges is introduced into the drilled hole, after which said cartridges are broken with a tubular anchoring tail and said material of consolidation   is distributed in said drilled hole and in said tail tail. lary.   5. Consolidation mechanism, in particular by year   of layers of soil according to the method   any one of claims 4, constituted by   a rod which is introduced into the drilled hole and projects from a predetermined distance, characterized in that said rod (10) is of a shape tubular.   6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the rod (10) is made of a highly resilient elastic material and has a connecting member (14; 35) at its end (13). protruding beyond the hole.   7. Disoositive according to one of these claims 5 and   6, characterized in that in one or more annular zones '24, 25), the wall of the tubular casing (12) is thinned, a shut-off or sealing valve (26)   being mounted above these areas on the outside of the- said tubular envelope.   8. Device according to one of claims 5 and   6, characterized in that the tubular casing (12) has holes (31, 32, 33, 34) formed in defined zones (24, 25) or along its entire length, as well as a quick coupler (35). ) at its lower end   (13) protruding beyond the drilled hole (9).   9. Device according to claim 8, characterized   the fact that the quick coupler (35), consisting of   in a releasable member provided with a clamping means,   feels a narrowing (47) corresponding to a valve   Ball (36) housed in the shank (10) above said reel   trécissement. 10. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the end of the rod (10) housed in the   hole (9) can be closed by a plug (38)   taking a rounded hat (39) and an embroidered end   table (40), said hat projecting beyond the   inner wall of the tubular casing (12).   11. Device according to one of claims 5 and   6, characterized in that the rod (10) has in its lower region (21). one or more collars   (20) in which are provided   these (22) of small diameter oriented parallel to said rod.   12. Device according to one of claims 5 and   6, characterized in that the tubular casing (12)   has barbs (27) pointing downwards.   13. Device according to one of claims 7 and 2502.688   11, characterized in that the flanges of   (20) or the valves (26) constituting trenches are at the terminal end I19) and optionally   or alternatively, along the length of the rod [1C].   14. Device according to claim 5, carectérisé in that the rod (10) comprises a thread (14)   in its end (13) facing the gallery.   15. Device according to one of claims 5,   6 and 8, characterized in that the rod [10) houses one or more cartridges (43) which, filled with material   consolidation, can be mechanically destroyed.   16. Device according to one of Claims 5, 6 and 8, characterized in that the internal space [59) of the rod (10) is subdivided into two chambers (52, 53) by a partition (68) which introduced into the tubular casing (12) and movable longitudinally, comprises a   mixing head (71) at its end facing towards the end mité [19] of the stem.   Device according to claim 16, characterized   in that the lateral edges (85, 86) of the partition its (68) is dovetailed.   18. Device according to one of claims 16   and 17, characterized by the fact that, nearby this   guide groove (90), the tubular casing (12)   carries recesses (87, 883 which can be closed by the   partition (68) in the direction of the chambers (52, 523.   19. Device according to claim 18, characterized   by the fact that the mixing head (71) has continuous slots (79, 8C) which, arranged obliquely or helically, extend from the lower face (77) to the upper face (78).   20. Device according to one of recitals 5, 7 and 16, characterized in that the lower end (13) of the rod (103 serving as a cartridge has a bead sealing the f2a3 which is carried out fonz (7_ having the slot (73) by which the partition (06 may   to be drawn, said bead encroaching on the incre-   12, 51 to which it is subject.