FR2489411A1 - Off peak energy storing system - has air liquefying and vaporising units to enable energy to be stored as liquid air in low volume - Google Patents
Off peak energy storing system - has air liquefying and vaporising units to enable energy to be stored as liquid air in low volume Download PDFInfo
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- FR2489411A1 FR2489411A1 FR8018805A FR8018805A FR2489411A1 FR 2489411 A1 FR2489411 A1 FR 2489411A1 FR 8018805 A FR8018805 A FR 8018805A FR 8018805 A FR8018805 A FR 8018805A FR 2489411 A1 FR2489411 A1 FR 2489411A1
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000135 prohibitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/14—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads
- F02C6/16—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads for storing compressed air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
- F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
- F25J1/0251—Intermittent or alternating process, so-called batch process, e.g. "peak-shaving"
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
- F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/90—Hot gas waste turbine of an indirect heated gas for power generation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un procédé de récupération, d'accumulation et de restitution de l'énergie mécanique excédentaire disponible d'une machine motrice à régime de consommation variable, par transformation en énergie de pression statique dans un fluide gazeux compressible, et un dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé. The present invention relates to a method for recovering, accumulating and restoring the excess mechanical energy available from a motive machine with variable consumption regime, by transformation into static pressure energy in a compressible gaseous fluid, and a device for the implementation of said process.
On connait déjà un procédé de récupération, d'accumulation, et de restitution d'énergie mécanique excédentaire disponible, dans lequel l'éxcédent d'énergie d'une centrale électrique, pendant les périodes creuses de consommation d'énergie, est utilisé pour comprimer de l'air atmosphérique qui est ensuite accumulé dans une cavité souterraine créée généralement par dissolution d'un dôme de sel ou artificiellement pourvue d'un sytème de régulation automatique de la pression d'air pour la maintenir constante. Ce système basé sur le principe du piston hydraulique, utilise, par exemple, une nappe phréatique de façon que cette masse d'eau forme le piston hydraulique surmonté par la masse d'air comprimé accumulée dans la cavité souterraine. There is already known a process for recovering, accumulating, and restoring available excess mechanical energy, in which the excess energy of a power plant, during off-peak periods of energy consumption, is used to compress atmospheric air which is then accumulated in an underground cavity generally created by dissolution of a salt dome or artificially provided with a system of automatic regulation of the air pressure to keep it constant. This system based on the principle of the hydraulic piston, uses, for example, a water table so that this mass of water forms the hydraulic piston surmounted by the mass of compressed air accumulated in the underground cavity.
L'air comprimé soutiré de la cavité souterraine, utilisée comme réserve de stockage, alimente directement la chambre de combustion du générateur de gaz d'une turbine, dont on a supprimé le compresseur d'air comburant. The compressed air drawn from the underground cavity, used as a storage reserve, directly feeds the combustion chamber of the gas generator of a turbine, from which the combustion air compressor has been removed.
Mais, ce procédé présente l'inconvénient majeur de nécessiter l'existence, à proximité du lieu de récupération d'énergie, d'un site naturel susceptible de convenir à la création d'une cavité impérméable de volume suffisamment important, ainsi qu'une nappe phréatique à niveau variable. However, this method has the major drawback of requiring the existence, near the place of energy recovery, of a natural site capable of being suitable for the creation of an impermeable cavity of sufficiently large volume, as well as a variable level water table.
En effet, à défaut d'une telle cavité on ne peut envisager la construction d'un réservoir extérieur en beton en raison de son encombrement considérable nécessaire stockage du fluide à l'état gazeux) donc de son coût prohibitif.In fact, in the absence of such a cavity, it is not possible to envisage the construction of an external concrete tank because of its considerable bulk required for storage of the fluid in the gaseous state) and therefore of its prohibitive cost.
On connait également un dispositif de récupération sans accumulation, d'énergie. Dans ce dispositif, on utilise au moins une partie du vaporiseur d'un système de stockage de gaz naturel liquéfié, destiné à alimenter un gazoduc en gaz naturel en phase vapeur à haute pression comme source froide d'un échangeur de chaleur formant le condenseur d'un cycle fermé de Rankine à fluide cryogénique tel que par exemple un hydrocarbure halogéné ledit dispositif comprenant en outre une pompe à condensat, un évaporateur à source chaude généralement naturelle, telle que l'air ou l'eau, et une machine de détente produisant de l'énergie mécanique utilisable. There is also known a device for recovery without accumulation of energy. In this device, at least part of the vaporizer of a liquefied natural gas storage system is used, intended to supply a gas pipeline in natural gas in high pressure vapor phase as the cold source of a heat exchanger forming the condenser d '' a closed Rankine cycle with cryogenic fluid such as for example a halogenated hydrocarbon said device further comprising a condensate pump, a generally natural hot source evaporator, such as air or water, and an expansion machine producing usable mechanical energy.
Toutefois, ce dispositif ne permet pas l'accumulation de l'énergie récupérée et, d'autre part la localisation géographique de tels dispositifs est très limitée du fait qu'il faut disposer de gaz naturel liquéfié à proximité. However, this device does not allow the accumulation of the recovered energy and, on the other hand, the geographic location of such devices is very limited because it is necessary to have liquefied natural gas nearby.
La présente invention a pour but d'éviter les inconvénients précités en fournissant une solution qui permette de récupérer et d'accumuler l'énergie mécanique excédentaire disponible d'une machine motrice en tout lieu où la récupération et l'accumulation d'une telle énergie sont envisageables, et d'utiliser, pour ce faire, notamment l'air atmosphérique, disponible partout gratuitement et non polluant. The object of the present invention is to avoid the aforementioned drawbacks by providing a solution which makes it possible to recover and accumulate the excess mechanical energy available from a motive machine in any place where the recovery and accumulation of such energy are possible, and to do this, in particular atmospheric air, available everywhere free of charge and non-polluting.
Cette solution consiste selon la présente invention en un procédé de récupération, d'accumulation et de restitution de l'énergie mécanique excédentaire disponible d'une machine motrice, par exemple un générateur de puissance à régime de consommation variable, en particulier pendant les périodes creuses de consommation d'énergie, par transformation en énergie de pression statique dans un fluide gazeux compressible, tel qu'en particulier l'air atmosphérique, avec emmagasinage subséquent de fluide, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à liquéfier le fluide gazeux comprimé à le conserver, de préférence à une pression voisine de la pression atmosphérique, à l'état liquide, puis à prélever au moins une partie du fluide liquéfié et successivement
- à élever ladite partie à une pression sensiblement supérieure à la pression atmosphérique
- à vaporiser ladite partie sous une pression sensiblement constante et à température ambiante
- à la détendre dans une machine réceptrice pour produire du travail -utilisable.According to the present invention, this solution consists of a process for recovering, accumulating and restoring the excess mechanical energy available from a motive machine, for example a power generator with variable consumption regime, in particular during off-peak periods. of energy consumption, by transformation into static pressure energy in a compressible gaseous fluid, such as in particular atmospheric air, with subsequent storage of fluid, characterized in that it consists in liquefying the compressed gaseous fluid at the store, preferably at a pressure close to atmospheric pressure, in the liquid state, then take at least part of the liquefied fluid and successively
- to raise said part to a pressure substantially higher than atmospheric pressure
- vaporizing said part under a substantially constant pressure and at room temperature
- to relax it in a receiving machine to produce usable work.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, ledit procédé consiste à refroidi: le fluide comprimé au moins par échange thermique avec un fluide réfrigérant auxiliaire, tel que par exemple de l'eau ou de l'air, puis finalement à liquéfier notamment par condensation, le fluide comprimé refroidi. According to another characteristic of the invention, the said method consists in cooling: the compressed fluid at least by heat exchange with an auxiliary refrigerating fluid, such as for example water or air, then finally to liquefy in particular by condensation , the compressed fluid cooled.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, au moins une partie de préférence mineure, du fluide comprimé préliminairement refroidi estdétendue, par exemple dans une turbomachine, puis utilisée comme source froide pour la condensation précitée. According to another characteristic of the invention, at least a preferably minor part of the previously cooled compressed fluid is expanded, for example in a turbomachine, then used as a cold source for the above-mentioned condensation.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le fluide comprimé préliminairement refroidi subit, avant sa condensation précitée, un refroidissement supplémentaire par échange de chaleur avec sa partie détendue précitée et, éventuellement, avec au moins une partie du fluide gazeux évaporé de sa phase liquide accumulée. According to another characteristic of the invention, the compressed fluid previously cooled undergoes, before its aforementioned condensation, additional cooling by heat exchange with its aforementioned expanded part and, optionally, with at least part of the gaseous fluid evaporated from its liquid phase. accumulated.
Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, au moins une partie de la puissance mécanique fournie à la turbomachine précitée est utilisée pour comprimer le fluide gazeux précité. According to yet another characteristic of the invention, at least part of the mechanical power supplied to the aforementioned turbomachine is used to compress the aforementioned gaseous fluid.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la partie prélevée du fluide liquéfié est élevée à une pression d'environ 60 bars et la détente de ladite partie prélevée de fluide vaporisé est sensiblement isotherme. According to another characteristic of the invention, the part taken from the liquefied fluid is raised to a pressure of approximately 60 bars and the expansion of said part taken from the vaporized fluid is substantially isothermal.
La présente invention vise également un dispositif pour l'exécution du procédé selon l'invention, du type comprenant une machine motrice, telle qu'un générateur de puissance couplé à un compresseur d'un fluide gazeux, notamment l'air atmosphérique et, au moins, un réservoir de fluide, notamment l'air atmosphérique, caractérisé, selon l'invention, en ce qu'il comporte un système de liquéfaction du fluide comprimé relié d'une part, en amont audit compresseur, et d'autre part, en aval audit réservoir destiné à contenir du fluide liquéfié et un système d'élévation de pression et de vaporisation du fluide, liquéfié relié, en amont audit réservoir et, en aval à une machine réceptrice de détente du fluide vaporise. The present invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method according to the invention, of the type comprising a driving machine, such as a power generator coupled to a compressor of a gaseous fluid, in particular atmospheric air and, at less, a fluid reservoir, in particular atmospheric air, characterized, according to the invention, in that it comprises a system for liquefying the compressed fluid connected on the one hand, upstream to said compressor, and on the other hand, downstream of said reservoir intended to contain liquefied fluid and a system for raising the pressure and vaporization of the liquefied fluid connected, upstream to said reservoir and, downstream to a receiving machine for expansion of the vaporized fluid.
Le dispositif selon l'invention, est caractérisé de plus en ce que ledit système de liquéfaction comprend au moins un échangeur thermique refroidisseur, à fluide réfrigérant auxiliaire, tel que par exemple de l'eau ou de l'air, un condenseur qui lui est relié et, éventuellement un échangeur thermique refroidisseur supplémentaire placé entre l'échangeur thermique refroidisseur précité et ledit condenseur. The device according to the invention is further characterized in that said liquefaction system comprises at least one cooling heat exchanger, with auxiliary refrigerant, such as for example water or air, a condenser which is connected and, optionally, an additional cooler heat exchanger placed between the aforementioned cooler heat exchanger and said condenser.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, ledit système de liquéfaction comprend de plus une turbomachine couplée au compresseur précité vers laquelle est détournée au moins une partie, de préférence mineure, dudit fluide comprimé et refroidi. According to another characteristic of the invention, said liquefaction system further comprises a turbomachine coupled to the aforementioned compressor to which is diverted at least a portion, preferably minor, of said compressed and cooled fluid.
Le dispositif selon l'invention est de plus caractérisé en ce que ledit condenseur et, éventuellement, ledit échangeur thermique supplémentaire, a au moins pour fluide réfrigérant ladite partie dudit fluide détournée vers la turbomachine précitée et détendue dans ladite turbomachine, tandis que ledit échangeur thermique supplémentaire a de plus pour fluide réfrigérant au moins une partie du fluide gazeux évaporé de sa phase liquide accumulée. The device according to the invention is further characterized in that said condenser and, optionally, said additional heat exchanger, has at least as refrigerant said portion of said fluid diverted to the aforementioned turbomachine and expanded in said turbomachine, while said heat exchanger additional has more for refrigerant at least part of the gaseous fluid evaporated from its accumulated liquid phase.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, ledit système d'élévation de pression et de vaporisation du fluide liquéfié comprend successivement une pompe haute pression et un vaporiseur de préférence à rutsellement et ladite machine réceptrice de détente du fluide vaporisé comprend un ensemble de turbines de détente avec réchauffeum intermédiaires à air ou à eau. According to another characteristic of the invention, said system for raising the pressure and vaporizing the liquefied fluid successively comprises a high pressure pump and a vaporizer preferably preferably rutally and said machine for receiving the expansion of the vaporized fluid comprises a set of turbines for trigger with intermediate air or water heater.
Le procédé et le dispositif de récupération, d'accumulation et de restitution d'énergie proposés permettent de récupérer et de stocker de l'énergie excédentaire disponible d'une machine motrice, notamment d'un générateur de puissance à régime de consommation variable partout où cela est envisageable. The method and the device for recovering, accumulating and returning energy proposed make it possible to recover and store the excess energy available from a motive machine, in particular from a power generator with a variable consumption regime wherever this is possible.
En particulier, le stockage s'effectue dans un réservoir d'air liquide, à une pression atmosphérique, de volume restreint qui peut être installé n'importe où sans difficulté. In particular, the storage takes place in a tank of liquid air, at atmospheric pressure, of limited volume which can be installed anywhere without difficulty.
L'invention sera mieux comprise, et d'autres buts, caractéristiques, détails et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description explicative qui va suivre faite en se référant au dessin schématique annexé donné uniquement à titre d'exemple non limitatif dans lequel la figure unique représente un diagramme synoptique fonctionnel d'un mode de réalisation spécifique actuellement préféré de l'invention. The invention will be better understood, and other objects, characteristics, details and advantages thereof will appear more clearly during the explanatory description which follows, made with reference to the appended diagrammatic drawing given solely by way of non-illustrative example. in which the single figure represents a functional block diagram of a specific presently preferred embodiment of the invention.
Le dispositif représenté schématiquement sur la figure annexée, comprend de façon connue un générateur de puissance 1 couplé à un compresseur 2 d'air atmosphérique et un réservoir 8 d'air atmosphérique. The device shown diagrammatically in the appended figure comprises, in a known manner, a power generator 1 coupled to a compressor 2 for atmospheric air and a reservoir 8 for atmospheric air.
Selon l'invention, le dispositif comporte un système de liquéfaction A de l'air atmosphérique comprimé relié, d'une part, en amont audit compresseur 2 et d'autre part, en aval, audit réservoir 8 muni d'un système de vannes 7, 9 et destiné à contenir l'air liquéfié, et un système B d'élévation de pression et de vaporisation de l'air liquéfié relié en amont audit réservoir 8 et, en aval à une machine réceptrice de détente C de l'air vaporise. According to the invention, the device comprises a liquefaction system A of compressed atmospheric air connected, on the one hand, upstream to said compressor 2 and on the other hand, downstream, to said tank 8 provided with a valve system 7, 9 and intended to contain the liquefied air, and a system B for raising the pressure and vaporization of the liquefied air connected upstream to said tank 8 and, downstream to an air expansion receiving machine C vaporizes.
Le système de liquéfaction A comprend un premier échangeur thermique refroidisseur 3 à fluide réfrigérant auxiliaire, tel que l'air ou l'eau, et, avantageusement, un second échangeur thermique 6 relié en amont au premier échangeur 3 et en aval, au condenseur 5 et à une turbomachine 4 couplée au compresseur 2. Le fluide réfrigérant du cwadersse-ur 5 et du second échangeur thermique 6 est constitué, de préférence, de la partie détendue dans ladite turbomachine 4 de l'air préalablement comprimé et refroidi et, de plus pour le second échangeur thermique 6, par la partie évaporée de l'air liquéfié accumulé dans le réservoir 8, qui communique avec le condenseur 5 par la vanne 7. The liquefaction system A comprises a first cooling heat exchanger 3 with auxiliary cooling fluid, such as air or water, and, advantageously, a second heat exchanger 6 connected upstream to the first exchanger 3 and downstream, to the condenser 5 and to a turbomachine 4 coupled to the compressor 2. The refrigerant fluid of the cwadersse-ur 5 and of the second heat exchanger 6 is preferably made up of the expanded part in said turbomachine 4 of the air previously compressed and cooled and, moreover for the second heat exchanger 6, by the evaporated part of the liquefied air accumulated in the tank 8, which communicates with the condenser 5 through the valve 7.
Le système B d'élévation de pression et de vaporisation de l'air liquéfié, communiquant avec le réservoir 8 par la vanne 9, comporte une pompe à haute pression 10 et, en aval par rapport à ladite pompe, un vaporiseur à ruissellement 11. The system B for raising the pressure and vaporizing the liquefied air, communicating with the reservoir 8 via the valve 9, comprises a high-pressure pump 10 and, downstream from said pump, a trickling vaporizer 11.
Ledit vaporisnur Il est relié à la machine réceptrice de détente C qui comprend un ensemble de turbines 12 avec réchauffeurs intermédiaires 13 à air ou à eau. Said vaporisnur It is connected to the expansion receiver machine C which comprises a set of turbines 12 with intermediate air or water heaters 13.
Le dispositif décrit ci-dessus fonctionne de la manière suivante. The device described above operates in the following manner.
Le générateur de puissance 1 à régime de consommation variable, est couplé pendant les heures creuses de consommation d'énergie, notamment par un accouplement temporaire à embrayage et débrayage automatique,à un compresseur 2 qui comprime de l'air atmosphérique en utilisant l'énergie mécanique excédentaire disponible dudit générateur. The power generator 1 with variable consumption regime, is coupled during off-peak hours of energy consumption, in particular by a temporary coupling with automatic clutch and disengage, to a compressor 2 which compresses atmospheric air using energy excess mechanical available from said generator.
L'air comprimé est refroidi, préliminairement, dans l'échangeur thermique 3 et, de préférence, dans l'échangeur thermique supplémentaire 6, puis une partie mineure de l'air comprimé refroidi est détendue dans la turbomachine 4 et utilisée comme source froide du condenseur 5, où la majeure partie de l'air comprimé et refroidi est liquéfiée, et comme source froide de l'échangeur thermique supplémentaire 6. La puissance mécanique fournie à la turbomachine 4 précitée est utilisée pour comprimer, de façon auxiliaire, l'air atmosphérique dans le compresseur précité 2. The compressed air is cooled, preliminary, in the heat exchanger 3 and, preferably, in the additional heat exchanger 6, then a minor part of the cooled compressed air is expanded in the turbomachine 4 and used as the cold source of the condenser 5, where most of the compressed and cooled air is liquefied, and as the cold source of the additional heat exchanger 6. The mechanical power supplied to the aforementioned turbomachine 4 is used to compress, in an auxiliary manner, the air atmospheric in the aforementioned compressor 2.
L'air liquéfié est conservé dans le réservoir de stockage 8 à une pression voisine de la pression atmosphérique et la partie évaporée dudit air liquéfié sert de source froide complémentaire de l'échangeur thermique supplémentaire 6. The liquefied air is kept in the storage tank 8 at a pressure close to atmospheric pressure and the evaporated part of said liquefied air serves as a complementary cold source to the additional heat exchanger 6.
L'air liquéfié accumulé est prélevé et pompé à une pression d'environ 60 bars avant d'être vaporisé, sous une pression sensiblement constante et à une température ambiante, etdétendu de façon sensiblement isotherme dans l'ensemble de turbines 12 pour produire du travail utilisable. The accumulated liquefied air is removed and pumped at a pressure of about 60 bars before being vaporized, under a substantially constant pressure and at room temperature, and expanded in a substantially isothermal manner in the set of turbines 12 to produce work. usable.
Ainsi, le procédé selon l'invention permet de récuperer et de stocker de l'énergie excédentaire disponible d'un générateur de puissance à régime de consommation variable partout où cela est envisageable. En effet, le stockage s'effectue dans un réservoir d'air liquide de volume restreint qui peut être de ce fait installé n'importe où sans difficultés. Thus, the method according to the invention makes it possible to recover and store the excess energy available from a power generator with a variable consumption regime wherever it is possible. In fact, the storage takes place in a liquid air reservoir of limited volume which can therefore be installed anywhere without difficulty.
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est nullement limitée au mode de réalisation décrit et représenté qui n'a été donné qu'à titre d'exemple. En particulier, elle comprend tous les moyens constituant des équivalents techniques des moyens décrits, ainsi que leurs combinaisons, si celles-ci sont exécutées suivant son esprit et mise en oeuvre dans le cadre de la protection comme revendiquée. Of course, the invention is in no way limited to the embodiment described and shown which has been given only by way of example. In particular, it includes all the means constituting technical equivalents of the means described, as well as their combinations, if these are carried out according to the spirit and implemented within the framework of protection as claimed.
Claims (14)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8018805A FR2489411A1 (en) | 1980-08-29 | 1980-08-29 | Off peak energy storing system - has air liquefying and vaporising units to enable energy to be stored as liquid air in low volume |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8018805A FR2489411A1 (en) | 1980-08-29 | 1980-08-29 | Off peak energy storing system - has air liquefying and vaporising units to enable energy to be stored as liquid air in low volume |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2489411A1 true FR2489411A1 (en) | 1982-03-05 |
Family
ID=9245515
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8018805A Withdrawn FR2489411A1 (en) | 1980-08-29 | 1980-08-29 | Off peak energy storing system - has air liquefying and vaporising units to enable energy to be stored as liquid air in low volume |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2489411A1 (en) |
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4455834A (en) * | 1981-09-25 | 1984-06-26 | Earle John L | Windmill power apparatus and method |
| WO2007096656A1 (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2007-08-30 | Highview Enterprises Limited | A method of storing energy and a cryogenic energy storage system |
| CN101427007B (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2012-03-21 | 高维有限公司 | A method of storing energy and a cryogenic energy storage system |
| CN102817655A (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2012-12-12 | 南京玖壹环境科技有限公司 | Comprehensive energy source management system for peak shifting power supplying and method thereof |
| CN103256081A (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2013-08-21 | 南京飓能电控自动化设备制造有限公司 | Energy comprehensive utilization method based on supercritical air |
| DE102012104416A1 (en) * | 2012-03-01 | 2013-09-05 | Institut Für Luft- Und Kältetechnik Gemeinnützige Gmbh | Method and arrangement for storing energy |
| WO2013034908A3 (en) * | 2011-09-06 | 2013-10-03 | Highview Enterprises Limited | Method and apparatus for power storage |
| EP2662552A1 (en) * | 2012-05-08 | 2013-11-13 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Device and method for generating electrical energy |
| EP2808502A1 (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Installation for the storage of energy in a liquefied process gas |
| CN104675464A (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2015-06-03 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Air compressing energy storage system |
| US20150300209A1 (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2015-10-22 | Mada Energie Llc | Systems, methods, and devices for power storage, recovery, and balancing |
| EP3552971A3 (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2020-02-12 | United Technologies Corporation | Propulsion system cooling control |
| US10634013B2 (en) | 2017-09-05 | 2020-04-28 | Stanislav Sinatov | Method for liquid air energy storage with semi-closed CO2 bottoming cycle |
| US10876433B2 (en) | 2016-02-02 | 2020-12-29 | Highview Enterprises Limited | Power recovery |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2434238A1 (en) * | 1974-07-16 | 1976-01-29 | Linde Ag | System to store and retrieve stored energy - has gas type auxiliary energy storage medium which is liquefied when energy requirements are low |
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- 1980-08-29 FR FR8018805A patent/FR2489411A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2434238A1 (en) * | 1974-07-16 | 1976-01-29 | Linde Ag | System to store and retrieve stored energy - has gas type auxiliary energy storage medium which is liquefied when energy requirements are low |
Cited By (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4455834A (en) * | 1981-09-25 | 1984-06-26 | Earle John L | Windmill power apparatus and method |
| WO2007096656A1 (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2007-08-30 | Highview Enterprises Limited | A method of storing energy and a cryogenic energy storage system |
| JP2009528469A (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2009-08-06 | ハイヴュー・エンタープライゼズ・リミテッド | Energy storage method and cryogenic energy storage system |
| US20090282840A1 (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2009-11-19 | Highview Enterprises Limited | Energy storage and generation |
| CN101427007B (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2012-03-21 | 高维有限公司 | A method of storing energy and a cryogenic energy storage system |
| US9890712B2 (en) | 2011-09-06 | 2018-02-13 | Highview Enterprises Limited | Method and apparatus for power storage |
| WO2013034908A3 (en) * | 2011-09-06 | 2013-10-03 | Highview Enterprises Limited | Method and apparatus for power storage |
| DE102012104416A1 (en) * | 2012-03-01 | 2013-09-05 | Institut Für Luft- Und Kältetechnik Gemeinnützige Gmbh | Method and arrangement for storing energy |
| EP2662552A1 (en) * | 2012-05-08 | 2013-11-13 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Device and method for generating electrical energy |
| CN102817655A (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2012-12-12 | 南京玖壹环境科技有限公司 | Comprehensive energy source management system for peak shifting power supplying and method thereof |
| CN103256081B (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2015-04-22 | 南京飓能电控自动化设备制造有限公司 | Energy comprehensive utilization method based on supercritical air |
| CN103256081A (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2013-08-21 | 南京飓能电控自动化设备制造有限公司 | Energy comprehensive utilization method based on supercritical air |
| EP2808502A1 (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Installation for the storage of energy in a liquefied process gas |
| CN104675464A (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2015-06-03 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Air compressing energy storage system |
| CN104675464B (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2016-06-29 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Compressed-air energy-storage system |
| US20150300209A1 (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2015-10-22 | Mada Energie Llc | Systems, methods, and devices for power storage, recovery, and balancing |
| US10876433B2 (en) | 2016-02-02 | 2020-12-29 | Highview Enterprises Limited | Power recovery |
| US10634013B2 (en) | 2017-09-05 | 2020-04-28 | Stanislav Sinatov | Method for liquid air energy storage with semi-closed CO2 bottoming cycle |
| EP3552971A3 (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2020-02-12 | United Technologies Corporation | Propulsion system cooling control |
| US11299279B2 (en) | 2018-03-23 | 2022-04-12 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Chilled working fluid generation and separation for an aircraft |
| US11305879B2 (en) | 2018-03-23 | 2022-04-19 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Propulsion system cooling control |
| US11542016B2 (en) | 2018-03-23 | 2023-01-03 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Cryogenic cooling system for an aircraft |
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