FR2485593A1 - Part prefabricated building roof construction - in which top panels are fitted with insulation material filled cases with wrapped spacer insulators - Google Patents

Abstract

The method is for the manufacture of roof components comprising a flat plate, against the underside of which is fixed one or several box-shaped casings. A lower plate involves insulation components, and the upper plate, together with the casing or casings, forms the support skeleton for the roof component with the requisite degree of rigidity. The manufacturing process involves the top plate (1) being placed base side upwards on a transport track (13), and on it casings (4) are fixed with the intermediary of distance pieces (3). The casings are filled with insulation material. Between or on the casings insulator spacers are fitted, provided with a surrounding sheet. The under plate (8) is then placed on the casings (4).

Description

The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing roof elements which, in the position of use, comprise an essentially flat upper plate with at least, fixed to
the lower part, a box similar to a box which is arranged so as to absorb essentially tensile stresses,
these roof elements further comprising insulating elements covered by a lower plate, the upper plate constituting with the box (es) the ducts carrying the roof element, which gives it its main resistance, the process comprising successive stages of work indicated below.

 The invention also relates to a device for implementing the method of the invention.

When a building must be provided with a covering which constitutes the external roof and; inside, the ceiling in one or more rooms of the building, on-site mounting is a process that has been used for a long time. The roof is then mounted directly on the frame from ase constituents. In general, for such a roof made up on the spot, firstly load bearing elements comea ---- for example boards or paneling, and these are then provided with a waterproof coating like cardboard asphalt, tiles, sheet metal or other materials. It is only when this part of the work is finished that the building is sheltered under its roof against precipitation. In the case where
the roof delimits rooms with interior device, the roof comprises as finishing work a ceiling and comprises, usually lament an insulating protection between the coating of the roof and the ceiling.

 In particular to streamline the assembly work and reduce the time that elapses before the building is out of the water, we have gone to some extent from on-site construction to the assembly of prefabricated roof elements on the framework, which include all or part of the components mentioned above.

than the load-bearing part, the external covering, the insulation and the internal covering. The invention relates to the manufacture of these
roof elements, and this manufacturing must obviously fit in
a large measure to the assembly of the element to be manufactured. In the case
present, the invention relates to a roof element which, in the installed state, comprises a substantially planar upper plate whose lower side is connected to boxes in the form of a box and to entry rods as well as to an insulating protection covered with paneling.

The plate and the boxes form the essentially load-bearing part of the roof element, and the paneling is intended to form the roof.

The exterior covering may constitute part of the paneling, but it is preferably deposited on the upper surface which is constituted by the plates of the necessary roof elements placed on the frame.

 Such a roof element can be manufactured according to the rules of the trade, namely that the plate is first removed and then the successive components are attached successively to the finished paneling. This corresponds to the on-site construction processes and we have the elements under the sane to use them. However, such a process is not economical and leads to high manufacturing costs, so that the gains made by means of construction by elements are reduced or even eliminated. The fact of placing the plate on the other hand in the inverted position and bringing the components back on the upward side would be advantageous, but some difficulties would ensue from the fact that an element of this type could not be manipulated in this inverted position during lifting or during a train wearing, because the construction of the roof element makes it possible to absorb the bending stresses only in the correct position turned upwards. During the implementation of a rational manufacturing process, this must therefore take into account not only economical means for transport, handling, positioning and fixing of the components, but also an appropriate handling method for the entire roof element.

 The object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for manufacturing a roof element of the type indicated at the start, this method and this device comprising means allowing rational production to be obtained, taking account of the preceding quality requirements.

The method of the invention is characterized in that the plate is placed in the mounting position with its lower side
turned upwards on a conveyor belt, in that the plate
is fitted with the box or boxes which are preferably placed
on spacers, and insulating elements clamped in the- or
boxes, in that the insulating elements are placed between the
boxes and / or outside them, in that the insulating elements are provided with a covering layer, in that the plate, being below in the position of use, is placed and fixed against the
box or boxes, in that the roof element which is then
mounted is brought from its position on the conveyor belt to a
raised position outside the strip and in that it is turned into the correct position with the upper plate placed upwards, and in that the roof element is removed from the mounting location
by lifting, preferably gripping it by the flat plate.

The device of the invention is characterized in that
that it includes a conveyor belt for advancing the blanks
element during their manufacture, in that the plate is in posi
tion returned in relation to the position of use, for the mon
components on the plate, and in that at the end of the strip
conveyor, a turning device returns the roof element
finished in the correct position for evacuation.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention
tion will be better understood & reading the description that goes
follow an example of an embodiment and referring to the drawings
annexed on which:
- Figure 1 shows a top view of the dis
positive consisting of a production line; the @ Figures 2, 3 and 4 show a block view.

part of the device in different positions of use
station;
- Figures 5 to 9 show the manufactured element
in different stages of its manufacture.

The element will first be described with reference to FIG. 9. In this figure, as well as in FIGS. 5 d 8, the element is shown in the state of manufacture, in which it is
returned relative to the position of use. In Figures 5
at 9, the element is therefore represented with its outer side towards the
bottom, while the interior paneling in Figure 9 is rotated
to the top.

 The element comprises, as an essential load-bearing part, which constitutes the frame of the element, a plate 1 which is preferably made of wood, such as the counter-plate or the particle board, as well as two interlocking boxes 4 in the form of cabinet, fixed to the plate. From the constrained point of view, the element can be considered as a channel beam in which the plate '1 is the core and the boxes 4 have wings. To keep the thickness of the calissons small, they are subjected to tensile stresses but not to pressure constraints.

The element must therefore not be lifted with the plate hanging below. For manufacturing reasons, the plate 1 consists of two wooden plates, which are connected to each other by means of a connecting bar 2. The plate 1 comprises two pairs of spacers3 which carry the boxes 4. These have a cross section of trapezoidal shape and their faces are provided with two flanges 5 by which they are fixed to the spacers 3. The sheet metal boxes are provided with forks which are fixed to transverse bars 6 (see figure I). After fixing the boxes by their flanges on the bars 3 and 6, they each constitute a closed space. This space is completely or partially filled with an insulating layer 7 which is fixed to the plate 1. A plate 8 is fixed to the boxes 4 and it consists of a sheet metal plate, preferably a fluted trapezoidal sheet. In the space between the plate 1 and the plate 8 are located, outside the boxes 4, the insulating layers 9, 10 and 11. These layers are surrounded by a sheet of plastic material 12 which includes the insulating material which may be composed glass or rock wool. The material sheet. plastic also extends around the insulation on the front faces of the element. As shown on the left side of figure 1-, each of the wooden panels which forms the plate 1 has dimensions of approximately 120 x 240 cm and preferably, the plates are used in normal size with these dimensions. As an element consists of two panels which are assembled lengthwise, the finished element takes a width of 240 cm. The length of the summer varies according to the distance between its supports and it can be, for example, 12 m. This means that the material panels can be assembled lengthwise. The spacers -3 can cover the joints, which allows mutual support of the panels which can also be provided with fixed connecting planchas, covering the joints. This is not however shown in a special way in the drawings. , for reasons of space, the panels are shown. relatively short. On their side, the boxes 4 are preferably made in the same lengths as the finished element. Dimensions are given here only by way of example and the method is also used with other formats.

 The device or the production line of the element comprises a first conveyor belt 13 with a first work station 14, a second station 15 and a third station 16.

The strip consists of a certain number of rollers 17 on which the plates 1 can advance during manufacture. Between the first and second work stations 14, 15, machines have been placed for nailing and gluing. Below the gangway and in the space between two rollers 17 are two nailing devices which belong to the nailing machine and by means of which nails can be driven through the plate 1 in the spacers 3. To maintain this Ci during the working phase, a gangway 18 carries pressure rollers. Nailing machines of this type are already known and can be produced on the market.

A gluing machine is placed between the work stations 15 and 16 and it has the shape of a second gateway 41 with cleaning and glue supply devices, this gateway extending above the strip 13 The cleaning device consists of a dust vacuum cleaner and two orifices which open above the spacers 3 and which are followed by mouths through which the adhesive can be sprayed onto the upper surface of the spacers 3.

 At station 16, the transport rollers 17 are completed by rollers 19 which are placed perpendicular to the rollers 17. These rollers are carried by a vertically movable frame, so that the upper sides of the rollers can be brought between a position one slightly above the tops of the rollers 17 and a position slightly below the tops of the rollers 17. By reversing the frames, the conveyor belt can also be used for transport in the transverse without (from left to right on the drawing) when the rollers 19 are lifted, or for transport in the longitudinal direction of the conveyor belt (from top to bottom in the drawing) when the rollers 19 are lowered.

On the side of the band 13, a second conveyor belt 20 has been placed which is approximately twice as wide as the band 13. The band 20 has a first work station 21 which is located just opposite the station 16 and has in addition two other work stations 22 and 23 in a row. Transport rollers 24 are arranged for transport along the band, and at the work station 21 there are further rollers 25 which correspond to the rollers 19 of the strip 13 and which are arranged, as already described , on a vertically movable frame for the passage entered the transport in the longitudinal direction and; transport in the transverse direction. Next to the workstation 22, there is a power supply 26 for the panels - which must form the panels 8 The strip 20 is surrounded by two working walkways 42 which present the height of suitable work for mounting the panels
At station 23 on the side of the strip 20, which is opposite the band 13, there is a turning device 27 which emerges from FIGS. 2 d 4.

 Between the posts 16, 21 of the bands 13, 20 there is a passage 28. The bands 13 and 20 are raised to a convenient working height above the floor which forms the passage 28. In the middle of the passage, there are three pillars 29 qaa, each carry a console 30 pivoting around an axis. Each of the brackets 30 carries rollers 31 whose axes are placed through with respect to the longitudinal direction of the brackets. The tops of the rollers 31 are at the same height as the tops of the rollers 19 and 25 when the latter are in the raised position in which i are located.

in the same shot. The brackets 30 are in a transverse position (shown in solid lines) in which they extend transversely above the passage 28 and connect the two strips 13 and 20. Like all the rollers placed transversely 19, 31 and 25 are located on the same level, this results in an uninterrupted transport path, placed across the longitudinal direction of the strips 13 and 20, between the stations 16 and 21. In the other tilting position (shown in broken line in Figure 1) they are placed mainly along the passage and release a pedestrian passage along the strips 13 and 20 on both sides of the consoles.

 The manufacturing device further comprises a work station 32 for finishing the entOle boxes 4, and a rolling cart 33 for transporting the boxes from station 32 to station 16. In addition, there is a supply 34 for the roof elements finished, with a rolling cart 35 for evacuation.

from the turning device 27.

 The turning device 27 shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 comprises two horizontal axes 36 and 37 parallel to each other, two arms 38, 39 starting from each of them. The whole of the four arms carries a stop 40. The axes 36 and 37 are driven by a motor and can be actuated so that the arms 38 can pass from a horizontal position (represented in FIGS. 1 and 4), in which they are are located above the band 20 at station 23 and or they are lowered below the rollers 24, and a raised position - as shown in Figure 3. The arms 39 can pivot between an upright position (shown in Figure 2 ) and a lowered position (see figure 1) or they are placed horizontally, moving away from the strip 20. When the two arms - are vertical (see figure 3) the distance between them is a little greater than the height d 'a roof element ends, as shown in Figure 3.

 During the manufacture of roof elements, a panel of the type which forms the plate 1 in the finished element is first deposited on the strip 13 of the station 14. At this work station, the spacers 3 are placed in a determined position. The spacers and / or the wooden panels are preferably provided with glue beforehand. The panel then advances by passing below the gateway 18, 9 this moment the spacers 3 are pushed against ~ le.panneau and the nails are driven the lower part.

As soon as the panel has passed the machine with the gangway 18, it is at station 15. At this station, the front bars 6 are put in place and nailed to the panel. The panel is then
coated with glue in the machine with the gangway 41, and it is brought simultaneously to the work station 16.

 When the panel with the bars has been brought to the work station 16, the insulating layer 7 is deposited, after which a finished box 4 is brought from the station 32 to the station-16 with the aid of the routing trolley 33 to connect it by its flanges 5 at the spacers 3 at the same time as the front flanges or bars -6-. The flanges are fixed by means of a number of nails, preferably using a nail gun. With the bonding by glue, which was carried out by gluing in the machine 18, a bonded and nailed area is produced which makes a very good bond between the box and the bars.

 During the passage along the work stations 14, 15 and 16, the panel was accessible from both sides of the relatively narrow conveyor 13. The consoles were therefore in their position shown in dotted lines, so that the accessibility around the strip was complete. When the boxes have been brought back, the brackets pivot in their position shown in a continuous line, perpendicular to the passage 28. At the same time, the frame with the rollers 19 and the frame with the rollers 25 are lifted, after where the partially completed roof element is placed on the conveyor 20 at its rear edge (right in Figure 1). If an element at station 16 has been shaped to the indicated state, this element is placed on the belt conveyor 20, so that the two elements are placed one beside the other. The elements are connected to each other, which is preferably carried out using a bar, the bar 2 shown in FIG. 9.

 To complete the draft of roof elements, this is provided with an insulator by depositing insulating material between the boxes 4 of the plate 1, and preferably used for this is slag wool in the form of blocks 9, 10 and 11 and then a plastic sheet is used. The sheet is wrapped around the blocks and is fixed all around them by adhesive strips. The plastic sheet acts in the finished element to block the diffusion. After the sheet has been put in place, it is therefore reported against the plate 1, the lower side of which is freely deposited in accordance with, in FIG. 9, "a complete set" which is made up of insulating materials and load-bearing elements formed by the boxes 4.

 After completion of this work at station 21, the element blank is brought to station 22 where the rollers 25 are lowered before the blank is removed from station 21 on the feeders 24. At station 22, the panels 8 are taken out of feed 26 and deposited on the blank of elements. The panels8 which, as has been indicated, preferably consist of grooved tabs, are fixed to the boxes 4 using self-drilling and self-tapping screws. The roof element is then virtually finished. As long as it was on the relatively flat conveyor belt, the manipulation could be carried out without difficulty in the inverted position of the figures.

But when the element has to be removed from the conveyor 20 for further processing, it is necessary to return it in the event that it has to be handled with conventional lifting devices. In fact, it is only in this position that it can withstand the bending stresses which can occur, for example when lifting with the aid of two rings. This reversal is carried out using the lifting device 27 at the post 23. The arms brought into the starting position between the rollers 24 are turned upwards and they thus lift the element. At the same time, the arms 39 are oriented in a vertical position. During the lifting movement, the element rests on the stops 40 of the inclined arms 38. In the vertical position (see FIG. 3) the element is therefore grasped by the pairs of arms 39, 40 and it is in a vertical position. After this working phase, the arms 39 begin a folding movement, as shown in FIG. 4, and the element, supported by the stops 40 of the arms 39, follows the movement, said stops also facilitating the tilting of the element . When the arms 39 have taken a horizontal position, the element has been turned over and it can then be lifted using a rolling cart.

 As is clear from the above, the process therefore includes a certain number of provisions which constitute a chain allowing rational production. The device or the production line for implementing the process is provided with means which allow a rational realization of the different work phases.

 Nothing understood by various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art to the devices or methods which have just been described only by way of nonlimiting examples without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

R E V E N D I C A T I O N S- 1. A method of manufacturing roof elements which comprise in the position of use an upper plate (1) essentially planar with at least one box (4) in the form of a box which is fixed to the lower part of the plate and which is designed to essentially support tensile stresses, the roof element further comprising insulating elements (3, 7, 9 - 11) covered with a lower panel 8, the upper plate constituting with the box or boxes 4 the load-bearing structure of the roof element, which gives it its main solidity, characterized in that the plate (1) is placed in the mounting position with its lower side turned upwards on a conveyor belt (13), that la.plaque (1) is provided with the box or boxes (4) which are preferably placed on spacers (3), and insulating elements (7) clamped in the box (es) (4) and / or apart from them, in that the insulating elements (9, 11) are provided with a layer (12) of rec openly, in that the plate (8), being below- in the position of use, is placed and fixed against the box or the calissons, in that the element of kings which is then mounted is brought from its position on the conveyor belt (20) has a raised position outside the belt and in that it is turned into the correct position with the upper plate (1) placed upwards, and in that the roof element is removed from the mounting location by lifting, preferably gripping it by the flat plate (1). 2. Method according to claim 1, in which at least one sheet metal box (4) is used as a casing, characterized in that the sheet metal box is pretreated at a separate finishing station (32) and in that it is supplied to the conveyor belt (13) for connection to the plate (1) in at least roughly finished condition. 3. Method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the roof element is assembled with several contiguous blank sections which are assembled successively from a flat plate (1) and at least a box (4) and which are assembled so as to first bring a section of a first portion (13) of conveyor belt to another portion (20) of conveyor belt, after which another section is put in order on the first portion (13) of conveyor belt and it is placed on the second portion of conveyor belt next to the first section, contiguously, after which the two sections are terminated on the second portion of belt (20) to form a complete roof element. 4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the first portion (13) of conveyor is placed in a certain direction, in view of the advance of the blank section, between different work stations (14, 15, 16), while the section of element 1 during the displacement towards the second conveyor portion (20), which is placed parallel to the first portion, is brought in the transverse direction relative to the first conveying direction. 5. Device for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 for the manufacture of roof elements which, in the use position, comprise an upper plate (1) essentially planar with at least one box ( 4) in the form of a box which is fixed to the lower part of the plate and which is designed to essentially withstand tensile stresses, the roof element further comprising insulating elements (3, 7, 9 - 11) covered with 'A lower panel (8), the upper plate constituting with the box or boxes 4 the supporting structure of the roof element, which gives it its main solidity, characterized in that it comprises a conveyor belt ( 13, 20) for advancing the blanks of elements during their manufacture, in that the plate (1) is in the inverted position relative to the position of use, for mounting the components (4, 3, 7, 9 -ll) on the plate, and in that at the end of the conveyor belt, a turning device (27) returns the finished roof element to the correct position for its evacuation. 6. Device according to claim 5, in which sections of the roof element are produced successively and are combined into a complete roof element, characterized in that the conveyor belt (13, 20) is subdivided into a first part ( 13) and in a second parallel part, the two parts being connected by means of a transverse part (29, 313 relative to said conveyor parts, so that the sections in question are produced on the first conveyor portion (13) and are brought in the transverse direction to the other conveyor belt element (20) for connection to at least one section made beforehand, said sections being driven after assembly on the second conveyor portion (20), the first portion (13) having mainly a width which corresponds to the width of a section, while the second portion (20) of conveyor has a width which mainly corresponds to the width of the complete roof element com posed of several contiguous sections. 7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the conveyor belt uses (29, 31) directed transversely with respect to the other two conveyor belts consists of a number of consoles (30) suspended from substantially vertical axes, said consoles, in the position of use, being oriented in a transverse position relative to the first and to the second portion of conveyor (13, 20) for connecting said portions, and said consoles being designed so that they can be oriented in a position substantially parallel to the first and V the second portion of the conveyor when a transverse transport is not provided, to ensure free accessibility to both sides of the first and of the second portion of the conveyor belt.