FR2483294A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR FIGURING AND MAKING ENVELOPES AND SURFACES OF HOLLOW BODIES WITH EXTERNAL OR INTERNAL CONICITY - Google Patents

Abstract

A.PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR THE SHAPING AND REALIZATION OF ENCLOSURES AND SURFACES OF HOLLOW BODIES WITH EXTERNAL OR INTERNAL TAPERING. B. PROCEDURE CHARACTERIZED IN THAT THE CONICAL PROFILE OF THE ENCLOSURE OR OF THE SURFACE OF THE HOLLOW BODY IS ACHIEVED BY A CONTINUOUS ADJUSTMENT OF THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE GENERATOR AND THE REFERENCE AXIS OR LONGITUDINAL MEDIAN CURVED AXIS, APPLICABLE TO DEVICE CHARACTERIZED IN THAT THE BODY 3 IS MOVABLE BACK AND BACK IN A CURVED GUIDE 4 AND A CHIP REMOVAL TOOL 7. C. PROCESS AND DEVICE APPLICABLE TO MACHINE TOOLS FOR MAKING CURVED AND CONICAL SURFACES .

Description

The invention relates to a method for figuration and realization

  outer and / or outer conical casings and body surfaces, in particular on tubular bodies of defined length, whose reference axis or median longitudinal axis has a curved profile.

  Such methods serve for the representation of

  for the manufacture and measurement of geometric

  with a relatively high accuracy of their shape

as well as their dimensions.

  According to DE 619 187 - IPC D 23C-3/4, a device is known for turning shells or parts

  analogues with a non-revolution profile. The known device

  comes for the realization around inner surfaces extending obliquely relative to each other, by means of a transversely guided rod which carries the cutting tool slidable in the longitudinal direction of the part and which

  is fixed in blocks that can slide transversely.

  These support blocks are connected in an adjustable manner to

  by means of rods, with the interposition of rods

  tion, to the interior surfaces to be machined, by positioning on a common rule. As a result, this device known

  presents only the realization of exactly

  c. In certain particular industries,

  however, it is necessary to realize and measure

  conical faces or conical shaped bodies whose axis of

  reference or the median longitudinal axis extends in the form of a curve.

  The present invention does not relate to the limit a curvature of infinite magnitude to which it is not applicable. There may be radii of curvature of several meters, but the field of the invention is limited to radii of curvature of

the order of 2 to 20 meters.

  Such a field of application is suitable, for example, for continuous bar casting shells of liquid steel or of non-ferrous metals. The technique comprising bar casting shells mounted oscillating on a curved track

  assumes curved median longitudinal axes for shellfish

the casting.

  It is furthermore known, and applied in the practice of

  that, to make casting shells continuously from

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  rectilinear copper pipes, this rectilinear pipe being pushed on a curved mandrel to give it the final shape of a conical hollow body by explosion-forming. However, the accuracy of the curved copper pipe depends decisively on the precision of the forming mandrel, so that ultimately it is the precision of the mandrel which is a

  decisive factor for the precision of the curved copper pipe.

  Such mandrels can not be brought

  It is only possible to use a copying mechanism by a planing machine or a milling machine from a model, which leads to inaccuracies. However, this model itself is until now not feasible geometrically

  exact on a machine tool, and it must easily be

  made by hand using a model copying technique. A problem therefore arises for the determination with

  sufficient precision of the shape of the curved mandrel.

  The object of the invention is to enable the representation

  and the manufacture of shell surfaces or hollow body surface with external or internal conicity, having a curved profile with respect to a reference axis, or with the axis

longitudinal median of the body.

  For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a method for figuring and producing envelopes and surfaces

  of hollow bodies with external and / or internal conicity, in particular

  tubular bodies of defined length whose reference axis or median longitudinal axis has a profile in the form of a curve, characterized in that, in dependence on a curved displacement of the body to be provided with a c8ne curve around a defined center of curvature, and on the basis of a generatrix formed by a rotational movement, the conical profile of the shell or the surface of the hollow body is achieved by a continuous adjustment of the distance between the generator and the reference axis or median longitudinal axis to

curve look.

  This solution makes it possible to ideally represent and manufacture, for example, internally or externally conical bodies of revolution with a curved median longitudinal axis, in a geometrically ideal manner. An important advantage of this method is that each repetition of the process results in a more accurate model than that which could be obtained

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  previously on an individual basis with a technical expense

  siderable. The process according to the invention is based on the decomposition of a spherical embodiment problem into two interrelated geometric problems. The method of the invention may advantageously be applied to conical bodies with a circular cross section

  and a curve, as well as conical bodies with a trans-

  polygonal and curved axis.

  For the latter case of polygonal cross-section body, it is expected that the generator is formed from a rectilinear movement performed on the cone, moved stepwise on the periphery of the envelope surface or inner hollow surface to achieve, directed each time in the opposite direction to a

  particular curve displacement of the body.

  For the application of the method to section bodies

  round or oval, it is intended, in accordance with another

  of the invention, that the generator is formed from at least one rotary tool with chip removal fixed in

  alignment with the median longitudinal axis and adjustable in

  perpendicular to the median longitudinal axis.

  To obtain a smooth outer surface of the curved conical body made by machining with chip removal, it

  in accordance with another characteristic of the invention

  tion, the unit-time runs of the tool and the workpiece

  are in a ratio equal to or less than 1/1.

  According to another characteristic of the invention,

  it is planned to choose the curvature of the longitudinal axis

  median level ensuring the simplest possible manufacturing

  ple. For this, the body is moved on a circular track.

  The method of the invention is furthermore applicable to measurement operations for verifying deviations on the body.

  possible with respect to a geometrical shape or dimensions

predetermined situations.

  The invention extends to a device for the application

  cation of the above method, characterized in that, on a machine frame is provided a receiving device and support for the body, movable back and forth in a curved guide, and, in addition, a tool d ' chip removal,

  in a rotatably extending tool support, extending tangentially

  tially to the median longitudinal axis, or parallel to a tan-

  this axis, the body fixed in its support, the tool being mounted in its support oriented perpendicular to the axis of

  this support and adjustable in position relative to the body.

  It should be noted in this connection that, for the precision of the curvature of the curved conical body, it is not the

  distance from the curved guide to the center of curvature which is

  nante, but the distance between the body or its support and the

center of curvature.

  The device according to the invention gives the pos-

  the ability to manufacture the spherical hollow body described in a working operation on the geometrically precise device,

  with tolerances accepted for the device.

  The essential characteristic of the device con-

  form of the invention lies in that it is capable of simultaneously executing three movements:

  a) - the rotation of the tool around its long axis

  gitudinal median, b) - the advancement of movement of the part in its support in accordance with the curved guidance, c) - the displacement of advancement of the tool in

  radial direction for the production of cone.

  For the realization of the invention, it is envisaged that the tool support is constituted by a shaft, inside or outside which are provided means for controlling the position adjustment of the removal tool. chips. The shaft can, for its rotational movement, be supported at each of its ends with simple means, so that, for

  application of the process according to the invention, it is possible to

  to use the usual machines available in the

  such as boring machines with an appropriate adaptation

  Priee. According to another proposal of the invention, the positioning control means of the tool consist of a rod disposed inside a hollow shaft and movable longitudinally back and forth depending on the movement of the

body support to be machined.

  For the production of the position adjustment displacement of the chip removal tool, it is also

  provided that the control rod is provided with a corresponding corne

  at the predetermined taper of the body, and on which

  relies on the chip removal tool.

  For conical bodies which are to be provided externally

  tapered surfaces, the principle of the device con-

  form to the invention is modified in that the means for controlling the positioning of the tool, external to the shaft, consist of a guide surrounding the body, the support and the shaft, on the inner conical surface of which 'presses the chip removal tool, this guide being mounted from

  to slide in the direction of the movement axis

  is lying. The quality of the external surfaces to be achieved is improved by providing that the chip removal tool is constituted by one or more cutting edges succeeding one another in the machining direction and adjusted for different depths.

cutting.

  To absorb the forces produced during the

  of a metal body, it is expected that the removal tool

  chips is supported with a support element, against the

  control rod and against the guide.

  The absorption of very large machining forces corresponding to greater depths of cut as well as to high cutting speeds, is furthermore improved by providing that the chip removal tool is supported on the control rod at the means of a rolling roller whose axis extends transversely to the direction of advance of the control rod, or by means of a sliding member with flat surface. The cross-sectional shape of the control rod then corresponds to that of the body to be produced and, thus,

  the tool holder and the control rod can be engaged

born in synchronism.

  For the application of the method of the invention to simple measuring operations, the invention provides a device in which, instead of the chip removal tool, there is provided a measure of magnitude indicator, such as 'a clockwork mechanism whose probe lever is pressed against the rod

  control or against external guidance.

  The following description refers to several

  embodiments of the invention with reference to the

  attached in which: - Figure 1 is a plan view of the device according to the invention for the realization of a body with a curved median longitudinal axis and conical inner surface

circular cross section.

  FIG. 2 shows the application of the method to

measurement operations.

  FIG. 3 is a plan view of the device according to the invention for a body with a curved median longitudinal axis and a conical outer surface with a cross section;

circular.

  FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view

  a control rod with a circular cross section supporting

  the chip removal tool.

  FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view

  a control rod with a polygonal cross-section supporting

  the chip removal tool.

  On the machine frame 1 which may consist of

  a mounting plate of a machine tool, for example

  is supported so as to be able to slide, the device

  2 support for the body to be represented or machined 3. The support 2 slides in the curved guide 4 which describes an arc with a curvature 4a. The center of curvature may be outside the machine frame 1. The median longitudinal axis 5 of the body 3 forms, at the point of tangency 5a, a tangent to the axis of displacement 4b of the curved guide 4. This axis 4b does not necessarily have to coincide with the central axis of the curved guide 4, but however it generally coincides with the median longitudinal axis of the body 3. The tool support 6 is equipped with a chip removal tool 7 The cutting direction of the tool 7 is oriented perpendicular to the axis 8

of the tool support 6.

  The tool support 6 consists of a shaft 6a which is equipped with control means 9 to provide adjustment.

  continuous position of the tool 7 against the body 3.

  According to Figures 1 and 3, the shaft 6a is a hollow shaft 6b. In FIG. 1, inside the shaft 6b is disposed the control rod 10 which, at its non-visible end is supported in rotational bearings, and on

  which acts, at least at one end, a driving device

  rotation and sliding. The control rod 10

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  can be slid in direction lOa, axially, from the starting position shown. By against the hollow shaft 6b with the tool 7 is fixed in the axial direction. At the end of the sliding stroke of the rod, which is greater than the length of the body, there occurs a switching of the sliding drive (not shown) to a position which again corresponds to the position. departure shown. The control rod 10 has a conicity similar to the conicity 3a of the body, the speed of displacement of the body 3 on the displacement axis 4b being considered in dependence on the speed of rotation.

  displacement of the control rod 3 with the c8ne l0b.

  In Figure 3, according to a body made of

  3 having conical outer surfaces, the control means 9 are disposed outside the hollow shaft 6b. The guide 11 has a conical inner surface 12, against which the chip removal tool 7 rests. The guide 11 is then mounted to slide in the direction of the displacement axis 4b, so that point of tangency a, the direction of the axis 8 is still preserved, and the tool 7 is set in position and operates at this location. The guide 11 is then moved in common with the support 2 which carries the body 3 by means of a holding member, not shown, provided

on the front faces 3b and 3c.

  The chip removal tool 7 is shown in FIGS. 1, 3, 4 and 5 in the form of a cutting chisel 7a which, together with the bearing element 13, bears against the

  control rod 10 (Figure 1) and against the guide. l (Figure 3).

  The bearing action, from the point of view of the cutting forces produced, for one or more of the cutting edges 7a machining for example copper, is provided by means of bodies

special support.

  According to Figure 4, the control rod has a circular cross section. As described, this rod is rotated and the cutting edge 7_ rests by means of a roller 14 whose axis 14a extends parallel to the axis 8. Such support is usable

  when the control rod 10 with a circular cross-section

  the axle moves axially in the direction 10a, the tool support 6 being stationary axially and rotated in synchronism with the control rod 10. For such a body 3,

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  the support mode of Figure 5 is still possible. The control rod 10 of polygonal cross-section then executes the axial displacement in the direction 10a and rotates at the same time with

  the tool support 6 which remains stationary in the axial direction.

  For the case where the body to be represented or machined 3 has a cross-section of polygonal shape, for example

  example, a quadrant section, the polygo-

  No. 10 executes the axial displacement in the loa direction, the tool support 6 remaining fixed axially, but being advanced and retreated together with the polygonal rod, stepwise, on the polygonal profile, relative to the body 3 in opposition to

  his direction of movement. Specific cutting forces

  5, an axis 15a, rolling on the axis 8, on which is mounted a roller of

  bearing 15, and which rests on the cutting edge 7a.

  According to FIG. 2, instead of the chip-removing cutting tool 7, there is provided a measurement indicator 16 in the form of a clockwork movement 17 whose probe lever 17a rests against the control rod 10

  and, in the case of Figure 3, against external guidance

11.

  The operating mode of the application device

  The process of the invention is as follows: During and in dependence on the curved displacement of the body 3, in common with its support 2, in the

  guidance in curve 4, in the opposite direction to the direction 10a, the sup-

  tool port 6 with the chip cutting tool 7 rotates (FIGS. 1 and 3) and, simultaneously, the control rod is advanced in direction 10a. Thus the taper 3a is formed in the form of an inner cone in FIG. 1 and an outer cone.

in Figure 3.

  Polygonal conicities can be realized, internally and / or externally, according to a variant of the method which provides as generatrix, not the rotary cutting edge, but a cutting edge with rectilinear displacement in the form of a plane edge. This planing tool (not shown) is moved step by step around the periphery of the polygon and, at each stop, it is moved in the opposite direction to the rectilinear movement.

  of the body 3, parallel to the axis of displacement 4b.

Claims (6)

A process for the representation and production of outer and / or inner conical bodies and hollow-body surfaces, in particular on tubular bodies of defined length, whose reference axis or median longitudinal axis has curve shaped profile, characterized in that, in dependence on a curved displacement of the power body of a curved core around a defined center of curvature, and on the basis of a generatrix formed by a rotational movement, the conical profile of the shell or the surface of the hollow body is achieved by a continuous adjustment of the distance between the generator and the reference axis or median longitudinal axis with a curved shape.   2) Process according to claim 1, characterized   in that, alternatively, the generatrix is formed by a stepwise displacement, on the periphery of the envelope or the surface to be produced, of a rectilinear guide mounted on the cone,   and moved each time in the opposite direction to a particular bind in curve of the body.   30) A process according to claim 1, characterized   in that the generator is formed by at least one rotating tool with peel removal, immobilized in the direction of   the median longitudinal axis, and adjustable in perpendicular stretch to this axis.   40) Process according to any one of the claims   1 to 3, characterized in that the strokes per unit time of the tool and the workpiece are in an equal ratio or less than 1/1.   Process according to any of the claims   cations 1 to 4, characterized in that the body is moved before a circular path.   6) Process according to any one of the claims   1 to 5, characterized in that measurements are made for the detection, on the body, of deviations from a   geometric profile and / or predefined dimensions completed.   ) Device for applying the following method   any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that   on a machine frame (1) there is provided a receiving and support device (2) for the body (3), movable back and forth in a curved guide (4), and, in addition, a tool   for removing chips (7) in a tool holder (6)   rotated, extending tangentially to the longitudinal axis   median tudinal (5), or parallel to a tangent to this axis, of the body (3) fixed in its support (2), the tool (7) being mounted in its support (6) oriented perpendicular to the axis (8) ) of   this support (6) - and adjustable in position relative to the body (3).   Device according to claim 7, characterized   characterized in that the tool support (6) consists of a shaft (6a), inside or outside of which are provided control means (9) for positioning the removal tool of chips (7).   Device according to one of the claims 7   and 8, characterized in that the control means (9) are   constituted by a control rod (10) for the tool (7), dis-   placed inside a hollow shaft (6b) and slidable back and forth depending on the displacement of the support body (2).   Device according to one of the claims 7   and 8, characterized in that the control rod (10) is provided with a cone (lob) corresponding to the conicity provided for the body   (3a) and on which the chip removal tool (7) moves.   ) Device according to any one of the   7 to 9, characterized in that the control means (9) external to the shaft (6a) consists of an outer guide (11) which surrounds the body (3), its support (2), and the shaft (6a), on the conical inner face of which (12) the tool   chip removal (7), this guide being mounted in a displaceable manner   çable in the direction of the reference axis (4b).   12) Device according to any one of the   7 to 11, characterized in that the chip removal tool (7) consists of one or more cutting edge scissors (7a) which follow one another in the direction of the cut and which are   set for different depths of cut.   13) Device according to any one of the   7 to 12, characterized in that the chip removing tool (7) is applied with a support element (13) against   the control rod (10) or against the guide (11).   Device according to claim 13,   in that the tool (7) is supported on the compression rod.   It controls (10) by means of at least one roller (15) whose axis of rotation (15a) extends transversely to the direction of advance (10a) of the rod (10), or by means of a planar sliding body, in which case the cross-sectional shape of the control rod (10) corresponds to that of the   body (3) to be produced, the tool support (6) and the   mande (10) being driven in synchronism.   Device according to claim 6,   characterized in that, instead of the chip removing tool (7), a measuring sensor (16) is mounted, such as a clock mechanism (17), whose probe (17a) is supported by   on the control rod (10) or on its outer guide (11).