FR2480622A1 - SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR AN INTERNAL STRUCTURE WITHIN A HIGH TEMPERATURE CONTAINER - Google Patents

Abstract

A CATALYST REGENERATION CONTAINER INTENDED FOR A CATALYTIC CRACKING UNIT FLUIDIZED TO ITS WALL ARRANGED RADIALLY TO THE EXTERIOR CDD WHICH IS PROVIDED AT ITS UPPER CD PART WITH A DIVERGENT CONFIGURATION TOWARDS THE UPPER AND IS EQUIPPED WITH THERMAL INSULATION, LOWER PART DD BEING CYLINDRICAL SHAPED. THE ABB WALL ARRANGED RADIALLY TOWARDS THE INTERIOR IS CYLINDRICAL AND THE LOWER WALL OF THE OVERPRESSED CHAMBER MAY BE EITHER FLAT OR VERY SPHERICAL OR STILL CONE-SHAPED CONVERGING UPWARD. THIS COMPLIANCE PREVENTS SUSPENDED CYCLONE SEPARATORS FROM BEING SUBJECT TO STRAIN DURING OPERATION.

Description

SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR AN INTERNAL LINER STRUCTURE

  OF A HIGH TEMPERATURE CONTAINER.

  The present invention relates to a system of

  port intended for a structure which must be housed within the

  high temperature container, and in particular to a pressure vessel that can be used in an installation

  for fluidized catalytic cracking of hydro-

  carbon. It is known to provide, inside the container

  under pressure from a catalytic cracking unit, separations

  cyclones for particle recovery

  catalytic suspension, and to support separators-

  cyclones below an insufflation chamber which is itself arranged inside the pressure vessel

  which transmits a suspension of particles / gases to the separa-

  cyclones to recover the particles. The room

  In such cases, the shortage of insufflation is located just

  below the ceiling of the pressure vessel. For example, British Patent Application No. 460242 shows, in FIG. 10, an arrangement in which the connections of the outputs of the

  third stage of cyclone separators support the

  dear of the circular chamber of insufflation.

  The present invention is particularly useful for

  in a similar situation, but in which the

  blowing nozzle is annular and concentrically extends around the vertical axis of the pressure vessel of shape

  general cylindrical, and in which the various separa-

  cyclones forming two or more stages of recovery

  are arranged so that each stage extends in an annular row around the annular floor of the

insufflation chamber.

  When the plant is in operation, the skin of the pressure vessel is subjected to a temperature of the order of 150 C and the equipment located inside

  the pressure vessel, which includes the various separa-

  cyclones and connecting pipes, is frequently

  subjected to temperatures of the order of 700 ° C or higher.

  EXTERIOR. In addition, because of the high temperature and static stresses that must be supported by the internal structure such as the walls and floor of the

  overpressure chamber, the latter are usually

  made of stainless steel while the walls of the pressure vessel, because they are

  wind at a lower temperature (made possible by the

  use of thermal insulation fittings inside the pressure vessel), may be made of steel

  carbon that is cheaper than stainless steel requires

  to the internal structure. However, this is a disadvantage because the differential expansion effect that will occur in all cases (given the temperature difference between the internal structure and the envelope of the pressure vessel) will be amplified by the coefficient of thermal expansion. higher than stainless steel compared to the carbon steel used for

  the envelope of the pressure vessel.

  The result of this differential thermal expansion

  between, on the one hand, the internal structure such as

  walls and the floor of the insufflation chamber and,

  on the other hand, the skin of the pressure vessel, is as follows: while the horizontal floor of the insufflation chamber expands at its periphery (or in other words, while, at any particular point in the the insufflation chamber moves away from the vertical axis of symmetry of the cylindrical container under pressure) and

  that the walls of the insufflation chamber dilate vertically

  tically, (by lowering the floor of the chamber

  below its original position) the skin of the ceiling

  horizontal pressure vessel expands both radially and upwards, but in a smaller amount

  and, consequently, the horizontal floor of the room of insufficiency

  flation deviates from its initial horizontal configuration and

  torsion moment on the various separators-cyclo-

  he supports it. Although the structure connecting the bases of the various separators-cyclones, expands itself, it

  there is not enough capacity to absorb the

  straps that apply on the collar at the top of each cyclone separator and therefore, the collar is subject to

  to important constraints of sagging.

  The present invention is characterized by the fact

  cyclone separators are suspended from the plane

  expensive ring of the insufflation chamber; and that the wall which is radially inward and / or the wall which is radially outwardly of the insufflation chamber has at least a portion of

  divergent configuration to compensate for different expansions

  fential radial and axial walls and floor

  the insufflation chamber and the ceiling of the container.

  It is preferred that the pressure vessel be cylindrical; it is the wall of the insufflation chamber

  disposed radially outwardly which includes the

  divergent and this part has a divergent form towards

  the top to compensate for the differential expansion occurs

  when the inside of the container is subjected to

  temperature higher than that of the outside.

  Following this general design principle, (a) the expansion coefficients of the materials used for the ceiling of the pressure vessel and the floor and walls of the insufflation chamber, (b) the dimensions of the walls and floor of the the insufflation chamber, (c) the

  direction and extent of the inclined part (or of the whole

  ble of the wall of the insufflation chamber and (d) the

  the floor of the insufflation chamber may be

  chosen so that the orientation of the floor of the room

  insufflation (when viewed in vertical section) remains constant despite the downward movement and radial outward movement of the chamber floor

  insufflation of the floor and walls.

  This has the advantage that, despite the shift of

  cyclones outward and downward, during the heating of the pressure vessel and its internal equipment to bring it to operating temperature, the structure interconnecting the cyclone separators to their

  lower extremities may be arranged so as to expand

  ter of a similar amount so that there is no bending stress, due to the differential expansion,

  which is exerted on the collars of cyclone separators.

  As noted above, although the expansion coefficients of the materials used for the ceiling of the pressure vessel and the structure of the insufflation chamber are designally significant, the main problem is the use of a relatively flat non-flat ceiling in an environment

at high temperature.

  Other advantages and features of the invention

  will appear on reading the following description,

  given as a non-restrictive example and referring to the

annexed sin in which:

  - Figure 1 shows a typical device of the 4-

  prior art for the construction of an annular insufflation chamber just below the dome-shaped ceiling of a pressure vessel for the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon fuels; FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view

  similar to Figure 1 but showing a configuration

  modified ration of the insufflation chamber according to the present invention; FIG. 3 is a view similar to that of the

  Figure 2 but showing another embodiment of lin-

  vention; and FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of a partially compensated insufflation chamber showing

  the lack of balance which can be eliminated in the

according to the invention.

  Figure 1 shows, schematically, a view

  detailed sectional view of the ceiling 1 in the form of a d8me

  under pressure used for the regeneration of catalytic

  in a fluid catalytic cracking plant for the reduction of heavy hydrocarbon oils to lighter products. The container itself is generally cylindrical in shape having a conical bottom and a lady-shaped upper wall, part of which is

shown in Figure 1.

  The inner surface of the steel ceiling is

  has a refractory concrete thermal insulation coating

  which allows the steel skin 4 of the ceiling 1 not to be entirely subjected to the process temperature (704 C) prevailing inside the pressurized container, but on the contrary to a somewhat lower temperature (in

this case of the order of 149 C).

  The insufflation chamber 5 is limited to its

  put by the material 2 of internal thermal insulation

  forming at the domed configuration of the ceiling 1, at its base by a horizontal annular floor 6 supported

  on its side has, radially, inwards,

  inner cylindrical king 7 and on its disposed side, radially

  outwardly by a cylindrical outer wall

  8. Flanges 9 and 10 support the wall 7 arranged radially inward and respectively the wall 8

  disposed radially outwardly from the vacuum chamber

  flation and, in addition, each of these walls is filled with

  both radially inwards and radially outwards

  on the upper part of their height with a larger quantity of refractory concrete 11 for insulation

  thermal. The walls 7 and 8 and the bottom 6 of the chamber

  sufflation are made of 304 stainless steel and constitute

  the supporting structure for the equipment housed within the

  pressure vessel by a direct connection

to the ceiling 1 of said container.

  In FIG. 1, the mixed lines represent the offset positions 6 ', 7' and 8 'respectively of the bottom,

  the inner wall and the outer wall of the chamber.

  The positions shown in full lines of the bottom 6 of the wall 7 arranged radially outwardly are representative of the state in which the container is located. when the plant is shut down or in the "cold" state.

  mixed lines are shown in an exaggerated way in order to

  shine the action of relatively weak deformities

which these components are soumiS.

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  6 'whose "hot" position (resulting from the difference in

  thickness of the radial walls 7 and 8 joining the bottom 6 initiating

  horizontally to the domed ceiling 1 and the ceiling distortion) resulted in a slant of the

  "hot" position of the neck 12 ', with the constraints to flexure

  resulting cyclone separator.

  Although the lower parts of the various

  cyclones are interconnected and also offer the possibility of some support by the structure comprising

  the pipes at the bottom of the pressure vessel, the expansion

  can be expected from this structure, and also the need to link the outputs of

  various cyclone separators, is not sufficient for

  manage the amount of radially outward displacement that may be required for the combined movement of inclination and lateral displacement of the position

  "hot" collar 12 'and therefore, the separators-cyclo-

  are subject to considerable efforts requiring strengthening of the passes 12, which implies an increase

  costs at the same time to an over-load of stainless steel co-

and manpower.

  The configuration shown in FIG. 1 is that which would be adopted by the average designer in this technique confronted with the problem of producing an annular chamber in overpressure whose bottom supports

the various cyclone separators.

  It should be noted that the forces to which the structure shown in section in FIG. 1 is subjected are considerable because in the device symbolized on FIG.

  Figure 1, five first-stage cyclones are

  supported by the wall 7 of the insufflation chamber

  which is directed radially inwards, a cir-

  5 of the second stage cyclones supported by the bottom 6 of the insufflation chamber in the vicinity of its junction with the wall 7 directed radially inwards (but spaced at equiangular intervals of 720 about the vertical axis of the container cylindrical pressure) and also twenty cyclones of first stage supported by the wall 8 directed radially outwardly and a circular row of twenty second stage cyclones supported by the bottom 6 in the vicinity of its junction with the wall 8 directed

  radially outward. Since each of the cy-

  clones of the second stage weighs 7 670 kg and each cyclone of the first stage weighs 10 670 kg, considerable loads are exerted in this case on the walls 7 and 8 of the chamber

  insufflation and on the ceiling 1 of the pressure vessel.

  Referring now to FIG. 2, the "cold" configuration A, B, D, C and the "hot" configuration A ', B', D ', C' d are observed in schematic form at the same time. a modified embodiment of the insufflation chamber

according to the present invention.

  Again, the ceiling of the pressure vessel is dome-shaped with skin 4 having substantially the same radius of curvature as that of FIG. 1 and equal in this

  case, the "cold" configuration of the radially directed AB

  inwardly is vertical. However, in this case, the radially outwardly directed wall has its thermally insulated upper part C of conical shape diverge upwards and its lower non-insulated part DM arranged

  vertically. It is envisaged that walls arranged radially

  inward configuration other than vertical,

  when viewed in diametral section through the chamber

  insufflation (ie walls of a shape other than

  cylindrical when considered in relation to the reci-

  pressure under pressure as a whole) may be

  used where necessary, for any specific application

  ticular. It is also possible to use a divergent wall

  radially outwardly having any

  guration other than that which is represented for example,

  the one in which the entire CD wall height is diver-

  or in which the diverging party is not

truly conical.

  In FIG. 2, the conformation of the bottom 6a of the insufflation chamber is also annular but now non-horizontal and can be considered generally as conforming to a d5me configuration which is not very different from the configuration of the skin 4 of the ceiling 1. However, the bottom 6a can be alternatively conical (that is rectilinear in the

  sectional representation of Figure 2) or may have no

  which inclined shape, the sectional view through the insufflation chamber being such that, as in the figure

  2, the upper end of the upper wall of the chamber

  blowing portion (the portion of the annular area of the skin 4 of the ceiling between the inner and outer flanges 9 and) is generally above the upper end of the inclined bottom 6a, and that the lower end of the wall higher is generally, similarly, above the lower end of the bottom 6a. Alternatively, one can

  provide a flat bottom such as that shown in Figure 3.

  In the embodiment of the invention,

  2, the conicity of the upper part of the radially outwardly directed CdD wall acts as a mechanism to produce a downward movement.

  of the entire lower part of the Dd wall located

  outwardly. This movement offsets the rate of

  lower dilation over the vertical distance AC and

  ve the vertical positional relationship between the radially inward wall and the radially outward wall and thereby the constancy of the inclination of the BD line with respect to the OQ axis during the occurring motion from the cold state BD to the hot state B'D '. In terms of constraints exerted on the neck 12 of

  each cyclone separator, the important aspect is that the inclination

  neck will remain the mime (ie in this case ver-

  even though the neck itself is not shown in Figure 2) and therefore the pure lateral displacement of the upper ends of the cyclone separators can be

  balanced by the dilation of the junctions at the inferior extremities.

  cycloneso separators To provide an illustration of the method of compensating thermal expansion differences, based on

  conditions that are typically found in

  modern fluidized catalytic cracking generators, reference may be made to FIG. 4 which shows a partially compensated blowing chamber design but with a resulting lack of balance, which must be eliminated in

  adopting the design according to the present invention.

  Thermal expansion problems associated with the insufflation chamber for cyclone separators in a regeneration vessel used in fluidized catalytic cracking have been discussed generally above. If we look at them in more detail, we can observe that they fall into two categories: (1) Those due to radial expansion by

  vertical axis of the container and which give birth to

  this to constraints as a function of the thickness, modulus and coefficient of expansion of the material, the radius with respect to the axis, and the temperature variation along the wall. overpressure between the seal with the container and the zone where its temperature is equal to the temperature of the gas.

  (2) Those caused by vertical dilatation

  wedge (parallel to the axis of the container) and which, if not compensated, would tend to alter the geometry of the

  the whole part of the insufflation chamber whose temperature

ture is equal to that of the gas.

  The acceptability of the first category will depend on

  expected stress and life levels. The second

  category should be eliminated to the full extent of the

  to reduce the risk of disruption

  to a serious reduction in efficiency in the separation

ration.

  Such a disturbance may lie in the development of

  cracks in the plates and welds giving

  leakage paths for gas laden with cat-

  lyser-through the structure of cyclones or directly

in the overpressured chamber.

  Referring to FIG. 4, the cold positions of the particular points have been identified by A, B, b, C, etc.

  and the hot positions by A ', B', b ', C' etc. The vertical axis

  The vessel's cal is OQ and R denotes the radius of the vessel's hemispherical head drawn around a point PR which, for convenience, is assumed to be the reference fixed point. The upper parts Ab and Cd of the walls of the insufflation chamber are isolated and the lower parts b'B 'and D' are assumed to be at the same temperature as

  the gas at the normal condition of hot operation.

  The lower part of the insufflation chamber is represented in a spherical shape which has a radius r, when it is cold, and as the center PR of the head of

  container is assumed to be fixed, the center Pr of the inferior part

  of the insufflation chamber will move towards the

  low in Pr ', in the hot state. The following conditions have

  care to be filled in order to prevent a variation in non-scale geometry resulting from free expansion.

  The triangles d Pr b and D Pr B must be congruent

  at dl Pr 'b' and respectively Dl Pr "B ', and the coordinates

  The angular origin of the various points b, B, d and f with respect to Pr O must be identical to those of b ', B', d 'and D' with respect to Pr 'O. To satisfy these conditions, the part of the insufflation chamber limited by b BD d should not be pocketed to expand freely around its axis of

OQ symmetry.

  In each wall, however, there is an isolated length Ab and Cd which reduces the overall rate of expansion of the

  distance AB and CD. In the outer wall, there is also

  a vertical distance AC where the expansion rate depends

  of the material and the lower temperature of the material con-

titutive of the shell.

  The effect of these lower expansion rates is that D ', instead of staying on the line defined by the radius rI

  passing through B ', is arranged at a distance

  above it, namely at a distance E D '.

  To correct these defects, it is first necessary to determine the temperature distributions along each insulated part of the insufflation wall and the wall of the container from the center of the seal between the latter and the outer wall of the container. 'insufflation. The lengths

  A 'b' and C 'd' and the positions A 'and C' are

  calculated from these distributions so as to

  in turn, blame the value of the equilibrium defect E D '.

  The correction required is obtained by making a

  wall, or an insulated part of a wall, of conical shape.

  In Fig. 2, the taper angle O of the insulated portion Cd is chosen so that the point d has moved

  actually on a bow from top to bottom towards everything in

  this radius from the axis of the container OQ (in the cold state) to OQ (in the hot state). This downward movement represents the amount needed to change the height B D to B'DI in accordance with the condition of free dilation

  of the whole uninsulated part of the insufflation walls

below b and d).

  The bottom wall BD of the insufflation chamber

  is, in Figures 2 and 4, of spherical shape.

  If other configurations are used, for example

  ple, conical or horizontally flat, the condition of free

  dilatation remains the same. If the walls of the room of in-

  sufflation are fully dilated, the angle that makes a line passing through points B 'and D' with the axis of the container is identical to the corresponding angle of the points B and D in the cold position. Figure 3 schematically shows a bottom wall, of flat shape, equipping a ring chamber

  insufflation performed according to the present invention.

  It is not essential for the present invention that the walls 7 and 8 located radially inwardly and outwardly of the insufflation chamber are made

  in the same material or that the bottom wall 6 of the chamber

  insufflation is also performed in the same material; nor is it necessary that, when these three walls are made of the same material, that said material is

* Stainless steel. The important point to consider is

  However, if the ceiling 1 is conical or lady-shaped (generally of non-horizontal shape), the radially inner and / or outer walls will be at least partially divergent with respect to the axis of the container. The bottom wall 6a must be itself, preferably, non-horizontal, that is to say in the form of a lady or a horizontal configuration with the upper ends of the lower floor of the insufflation chamber and the

  ceiling of the pressure vessel placed above, generally placed one above the other.

  Similarly, the material chosen for the

  the ceiling 1 of the pressure vessel,.

  this case is carbon steel is not critical, to con-

  that the differential displacement of junctions A and C

  walls arranged radially inwards and radially

  to the outside of the insufflation chamber (resulting from the expansion of the ceiling 1 in the form of a dome or having another non-horizontal configuration) is balanced by the asymmetrical vertical displacement of the lower points B and D of the arranged walls radially inwardly and outwardly to maintain the desired constant angular orientation of the bottom wall 6a when viewed

  longitudinal section relative to the container.

  As indicated above, the inferior wall

  6a does not need to be dome-shaped but may, for example, be of conical configuration and, therefore,

  It may be noted that the use of the term "inclination" in relation to

  the bottom wall 6a is intended to designate the straight line which joins, on the one hand, the junction B of the wall AbB arranged radially inwardly with the part arranged radially inside the floor BD as represented in FIG. 2 and, on the other hand, the junction C of the wall CdD disposed radially outwardly with the radially disposed portion

  outside the floor BD as shown in Figure 2.

  Similarly, it is not essential for

  the thermal insulating material 2 arranged in a layer to be incor-

  1 or that the thermal insulating material 11 is incorporated in the walls arranged radially inside or

  outside, but in the absence of such packing, the

  used for the skin 4 and the walls arranged externally

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SNOIIVDIINSA & U

U1i

  walls (7, 8) of the insufflation chamber which are dis-

  radially inward and outward, the

  said upward diverging portion (d ', c') of the wall (8) of the blowing chamber which is arranged radially outwardly coinciding with the portion (11) thermally

isolde of the wall (8) above.

  Pressure vessel according to one of Claims 3 or 4, characterized in that said upper part (d ', c') which converges upwards and which is provided with the wall arranged radially outwards, is

conical shape.

  6 - Pressurized container according to one of the

  2 to 5, characterized by the fact that said wall

  annular bottom (6) of the insufflation chamber converges upwardly so that the upper edge (B) of the lower wall of the insufflation chamber is disposed below the wall (7) of the chamber which is arranged

radially inward.

  7 - Pressurized container according to one of the

  2 to 5, characterized by the fact that said wall

  annular ring (6) of the insufflation chamber is

tal.

  8 - Pressurized container according to one of the

  1 to 7, characterized in that said container is made of carbon steel and that the walls (7, 8) and the bottom wall (6) of the insufflation chamber are made of stainless steel.

  9 - Pressurized container according to one of the

  2 to 8, characterized in that it is assembled as

  me catalyst regeneration container in a unit of

fluidized catalytic cracking.