FR2475815A1 - Over-voltage protection circuit for power transistor - has zener diode passing extra current through current regulator to causes blockage of transistor - Google Patents

Over-voltage protection circuit for power transistor - has zener diode passing extra current through current regulator to causes blockage of transistor Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2475815A1
FR2475815A1 FR8003021A FR8003021A FR2475815A1 FR 2475815 A1 FR2475815 A1 FR 2475815A1 FR 8003021 A FR8003021 A FR 8003021A FR 8003021 A FR8003021 A FR 8003021A FR 2475815 A1 FR2475815 A1 FR 2475815A1
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France
Prior art keywords
transistor
current
circuit
zener
protection circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
FR8003021A
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French (fr)
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FR2475815B3 (en
Inventor
Michel Suquet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RENIX ELECTRONIQUE SA
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RENIX ELECTRONIQUE SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by RENIX ELECTRONIQUE SA filed Critical RENIX ELECTRONIQUE SA
Priority to FR8003021A priority Critical patent/FR2475815A1/en
Publication of FR2475815A1 publication Critical patent/FR2475815A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2475815B3 publication Critical patent/FR2475815B3/fr
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/08Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
    • H03K17/082Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit
    • H03K17/0826Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit in bipolar transistor switches
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection

Abstract

The power transistor (10) is connected by its collector to a conductor (12) supplying the supply voltage (+V) via a load circuit (11). The emitter is connected to earth via a current measuring resistor (16) and via a terminal (18) to a current control circuit (17) whose output is connected to the transistor base (19). The base also receives the input signal. The emitter is also connected to the supply line (12) via a zener (14) and resistor (13), the common point of these two being connected via a filtering capacitor (15) to earth. During a short voltage surge, the capacitor filters the over-voltage and the zener remains blocked. The transistor tolerates this since it is short. During a long voltage surge the zener (14) becomes conducting and blocks the transistor by means of the current regulator (17). In effect the regulating circuit detects a strong current and blocks the transistor.

Description

Circuit de protection d'un transistor de puissance contre les stlrtensionc d'alimentation de longue durée
La présente invention due à la collaboration de M. SUQUET est relative à un circuit de protection d'un transistor de puissance contre les surtensions d'alimentation de longue durée.
Circuit for protecting a power transistor against long-term supply voltage
The present invention due to the collaboration of M. SUQUET relates to a circuit for protecting a power transistor against long-term supply overvoltages.

I1 est courant, dans les circuits électroniques alimentés par une batterie B chargée par un générateur G, d'utiliser pour se protéger des surtensions d'alimentation causées par une déconnexion de la batterie, un circuit écrêteur connecté en parallele sur l'alimentation des circuits électroniques. Cet écretage peut être effectué par une diode zener de forte puissance. I1 is common, in electronic circuits supplied by a battery B charged by a generator G, to use to protect themselves from supply overvoltages caused by a disconnection of the battery, a clipping circuit connected in parallel on the circuit supply electronic. This clipping can be performed by a high power zener diode.

I1 est aussi pratique courante de limiter le courant des transistors de commande afin de se protéger d'un court-circuit de la charge ou de commander des charges à faible impédanc-. It is also common practice to limit the current of the control transistors in order to protect themselves from a short circuit of the load or to control loads with low impedance.

Cette limitation peut etre effectuée, par exemple, à partir de la mesure du courant circulant dans le transistor avec une résistance R située entre son émetteur et la masse.This limitation can be carried out, for example, from the measurement of the current flowing in the transistor with a resistor R located between its emitter and the ground.

Lors d'une surcharge comme celle provoquee par une déconnexion accidentelle de la batterie B en cours de charge par le générateur G, le transistor peut etre en conduction et dissiper une puissance excessive pendant la surcharge. Une telle situation risque de détériorer définitivement le transistor.During an overload like that caused by an accidental disconnection of the battery B during charging by the generator G, the transistor can be in conduction and dissipate an excessive power during the overload. Such a situation risks permanently damaging the transistor.

La présente invention permet de se prémunir contre un tel inconvénient.The present invention makes it possible to guard against such a drawback.

Suivant la présente invention, le circuit de protection d'un transistor de puissance contre les surtensions d'alimentation de longue durée qui est du type comportant un circuit écreteur connecté en parallèle sur l'alimentation des circuits électroniques associés au transistor, un circuit de régulation de courant dans le transistor et un élément de mesure du courant du transistor de puissance, est remarquable en ce que ledit transistor, le circuit écreteur et l'élément de mesure sont agencés de telle manière que le courant de dérivation du circuit écrêteur s'ecoule ensuite dans ltélément de mesure.According to the present invention, the circuit for protecting a power transistor against long-term supply overvoltages which is of the type comprising a clipping circuit connected in parallel to the power supply of the electronic circuits associated with the transistor, a regulation circuit. of current in the transistor and an element for measuring the current of the power transistor, is remarkable in that said transistor, the clipping circuit and the measuring element are arranged in such a way that the bypass current of the clipping circuit flows then in the measuring element.

Suivant un mode de réalisation préféré, un condensateur de filtrage est connecté en parallèle sur l'entrée du circuit écrêteur. According to a preferred embodiment, a filtering capacitor is connected in parallel to the input of the clipping circuit.

D'autres caractéristiquess ressortiront de la description qui suit et qui n'est donnée qu'a titre d'exemple. A cet effet, on se reportera au dessin joint iIlustrant a titre d'exemple un mode de réalisation non limitatif du circuit de protection suivant l'invention.Other characteristics will emerge from the description which follows and which is given only by way of example. To this end, reference will be made to the accompanying drawing, illustrating by way of example a non-limiting embodiment of the protection circuit according to the invention.

Suivant la représentation illustrée à la figure jointe, un transistor de puissance 10 est relie par son collecteur a un conducteur 12 transmettant la tension d'alimentation + V par l'intermédiaire d'un circuit de charge 11. L'émetteur du transistor 10 est relié, d'une part, à la masse par l'intermédiaire d'une résistance 16 de mesure du courant traversant le transistor, d'autre part, a partir d'un point 18 en entrée à un circuit 17 de regulation de courant connecté par sa sortie a un conducteur 19 relié a la base du transistor I0. According to the representation illustrated in the attached figure, a power transistor 10 is connected by its collector to a conductor 12 transmitting the supply voltage + V via a load circuit 11. The emitter of the transistor 10 is connected, on the one hand, to ground via a resistor 16 for measuring the current passing through the transistor, on the other hand, from a point 18 at the input to a connected current regulation circuit 17 by its output to a conductor 19 connected to the base of transistor I0.

Le transistor 10 reçoit par ailleurs sur sa base par l'intermédiaire du conducteur 19 des signaux sortant d'un circuit électronique de traitements qui n'a pas été représenté et dont il ntest pas néces- saire de préciser les caractéristiques car il ne fait pas partie de l'invention.The transistor 10 also receives on its base via the conductor 19 signals coming from an electronic processing circuit which has not been shown and whose characteristics it is not necessary to specify because it does not part of the invention.

Suivant l'invention, le point 18 de l'émetteur du transistor 10 est relié au conducteur 12 véhiculant la tension d'alimentation + V par l'intermédiaire de la connexion en série d'une diode zener de puissance 14 et d'une résistance de charge 13. Par ailleurs, le point 20 commun a la zener 14 et a la résistance 13 est mis à la masse par l'intermédiaire d'un condensateur de filtrage 15. Un moyen simple et économique pour améliorer la protection du transistor de commande 10 est donc de faire passer le courant circulant dans la zener 14 dans la résistance de mesure 16 du courant du transistor 10.According to the invention, point 18 of the emitter of transistor 10 is connected to conductor 12 conveying the supply voltage + V via the series connection of a power zener diode 14 and a resistor load 13. Furthermore, the point 20 common to the zener 14 and to the resistor 13 is grounded via a filtering capacitor 15. A simple and economical means for improving the protection of the control transistor 10 is therefore to pass the current flowing in the zener 14 into the measurement resistance 16 of the current of the transistor 10.

En fonctionnement normal, la diode zener 14 est bloquée et la régulation 17 de courant fonctionne sans perturbation. In normal operation, the zener diode 14 is blocked and the current regulation 17 operates without disturbance.

Pendant une surtension courte, le condensateur 15 filtre la surtension et la zener 14 reste bloquée. Le transistor supporte la surtension sans danger parce qu'elle est courte. Pendant une surtension de longue durée, la zener 14 entre en conduction et bloque le transistor par l'intermédiaire de la régulation de courant 17. En effet, le circuit de régulation détectant un courant plus fort réduit le courant du transistor jusqu' le bloquer si le courant zener est supérieur à celui du transistor.During a short overvoltage, the capacitor 15 filters the overvoltage and the zener 14 remains blocked. The transistor supports surge safely because it is short. During a long-term overvoltage, the zener 14 enters into conduction and blocks the transistor by means of current regulation 17. In fact, the regulation circuit detecting a stronger current reduces the current of the transistor until blocking it if the zener current is greater than that of the transistor.

Le circuit de protection suivant l'invention est économique car il est réalisé sans introduction de conposant supplementaire mais par une répartition nouvelle à l'intérieur du circuit des composants préexistants. La protection suivant l'invention permet, en réduisant l'énergie dissipée dans le transistor à chaque surtension, de choisir un transistor plus petit et moins coûteux ou de réduire son radiateur ou d'accroître sa fiabilité. The protection circuit according to the invention is economical because it is produced without the introduction of an additional component but by a new distribution within the circuit of the pre-existing components. The protection according to the invention makes it possible, by reducing the energy dissipated in the transistor at each overvoltage, to choose a smaller and less expensive transistor or to reduce its radiator or to increase its reliability.

Claims (4)

REPENDICATIONS 1. Circuit de protection d'un élément de commande de puissance contre les surtensions d'alimentation de longue durée, du type comportant -un circuit écrêteur de surtension connecté en parallèle sur l'alimentation des circuits électroniques associés audit élément de commande un circuit de régulation de courant dans ledit élément de commande et un élément de mesure du courant dans ledit élément de commande de puissance, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément de commande, ledit circuit écrêteur et ledit élément de mesure sont disposés respectivement de telle manière que le courant circulant dans ledit circuit écrêteur s 'écoule ensuite dans ledit élément de mesure.1. Circuit for protecting a power control element against long-term supply overvoltages, of the type comprising -a overvoltage limiter circuit connected in parallel to the power supply of the electronic circuits associated with said control element a circuit current regulation in said control element and a current measuring element in said power control element, characterized in that said control element, said clipping circuit and said measuring element are respectively arranged so that the current flowing in said clipping circuit then flows in said measuring element. 2. Circuit de protection suivant la revendication I, caractérise par la connexion en parallèle d'un condensateur de filtrage sur l'entrée dudit circuit écrêteur.2. Protection circuit according to claim I, characterized by the parallel connection of a filtering capacitor on the input of said clipping circuit. 3. Circuit de protection suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de commande de puissance est un transistor utilisant le courant de dérivation dudit circuit écrêteur de surtension.3. Protection circuit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the power control element is a transistor using the bypass current of said overvoltage limiter circuit. 4. Circuit de protection d'un transistor de puissance suivant la re-!endication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il utilise un circuit de limitation de courant pour bloquer ledit transistor a partir d'une con. mande en courant. 4. Protection circuit of a power transistor according to claim 3, characterized in that it uses a current limiting circuit to block said transistor from a con. order running.
FR8003021A 1980-02-12 1980-02-12 Over-voltage protection circuit for power transistor - has zener diode passing extra current through current regulator to causes blockage of transistor Granted FR2475815A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8003021A FR2475815A1 (en) 1980-02-12 1980-02-12 Over-voltage protection circuit for power transistor - has zener diode passing extra current through current regulator to causes blockage of transistor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8003021A FR2475815A1 (en) 1980-02-12 1980-02-12 Over-voltage protection circuit for power transistor - has zener diode passing extra current through current regulator to causes blockage of transistor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2475815A1 true FR2475815A1 (en) 1981-08-14
FR2475815B3 FR2475815B3 (en) 1982-10-15

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FR8003021A Granted FR2475815A1 (en) 1980-02-12 1980-02-12 Over-voltage protection circuit for power transistor - has zener diode passing extra current through current regulator to causes blockage of transistor

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2760489A1 (en) * 1997-03-10 1998-09-11 Siemens Ag DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING AT LEAST ONE CAPACITIVE ADJUSTING MEMBER, IN PARTICULAR FOR AN INJECTION VALVE

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2760489A1 (en) * 1997-03-10 1998-09-11 Siemens Ag DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING AT LEAST ONE CAPACITIVE ADJUSTING MEMBER, IN PARTICULAR FOR AN INJECTION VALVE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2475815B3 (en) 1982-10-15

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