FR2475571A1 - Appts. producing bio:gas by organic waste anaerobic fermentation - uses vacuum pump to suck raw material into spherical fermenting vessel - Google Patents

Appts. producing bio:gas by organic waste anaerobic fermentation - uses vacuum pump to suck raw material into spherical fermenting vessel Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2475571A1
FR2475571A1 FR8003451A FR8003451A FR2475571A1 FR 2475571 A1 FR2475571 A1 FR 2475571A1 FR 8003451 A FR8003451 A FR 8003451A FR 8003451 A FR8003451 A FR 8003451A FR 2475571 A1 FR2475571 A1 FR 2475571A1
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vessel
fact
pref
vacuum pump
vacuum
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French (fr)
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ANTONI ROGER
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ANTONI ROGER
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Priority to FR8003451A priority Critical patent/FR2475571A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/02—Form or structure of the vessel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
    • C12M27/02—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/59—Biological synthesis; Biological purification

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

An installation is for the prodn. of biogas by fermentation of organic waste, sewage sludge etc. The fermentation can be batch or continous, the fermenting vessel is fitted internally with an agitator and externally with thermal insulation and is provided with a control unit. Pref. the vessel is in the form of a hollow sphere or cylinder with dished ends. The vessel is pref. raised on legs sufficiently high for the vessel to be able to discharged by gravity into road transport. Raw material is pref. sucked into the vessel by vacuum produced by a vacuum pump. Reversal of the vacuum pump can be used to discharge the fermented material. The vacuum pump is pref. used to extract air from the vessel during anaerobic fermentation. The control unit pref. comprises oil hydraulic equipment from which warm oil is circulated to heat the fermenting material. The waste material does not have to be diluted to the same extent as when it is pumped. No pump maintenance is involved. Material storage space reduced by 10 to 20 times. Heating is by recuperated energy.

Description

La présente invention concerne les cuves, silos ou réservoirs permettant la production de gaz issu de la fermentation de déchets ou de boues a base de cellulose, en milieu anaérobi.The present invention relates to tanks, silos or reservoirs allowing the production of gas from the fermentation of waste or sludge based on cellulose, in an anaerobic medium.

Dans les dispositifs connus de ce genre, les cuves de fermentation sont appelées fermenteurs en système d'alimentation discontinu du produit et digesteurs en systeme continu. Les fermenteurs sont généralement des fosses ou l'on immerge les matieres non préparées, dans un liquide tel que l'eau, & moins que le produit soit lui-meme déjà très liquide. Un certain temps doit s'écouler avant la production du gaz, ce sont les phases d'acidification et de salification. Pour faire face a ces temps morts, il est nescessaire de prévoir au moins deux cuves travaillant en alternance, une en préparation, l'autre en production. Ces dispositifs demandent donc plusieurs ouvrages fort couteux de génie civil et des éléments de manutention de produit de grandes dimensions.Il est connu un bon nombre de défauts difficiles a remédier tel que : l'étanchéité thermique, liquide et gazeuse, une production pauvre, un milieu aérobi défavorable en surface, un nettoyage des fonds de cuves pratiquement impossible, des détériorations par le gel, une reprise complexe des déchets avec séparation de l'eau et surtout un coflt élevé des ouvrages. Le fait évidant de ces défauts est que sur les 4000 installations réalisées pendant et après la dernière guerre mondiale, moins de 10 sont encore utilisées actuellement.Les digesteurs tendent a remedier a ces defauts, ce sont des réservoirs verticaux ou silos chargés a l'aide d'une pompe et se vidant par débordement.ees derniers ont réalisés de sérieux progrès techniques par rapport aux fermenteurs. Toutefois ces dispositifs sont régis par des critères qui enlèvent de leur fiabilite. Le fait de travailler avec des pompes de remplissage demande des produits fortement dilués et finement broyés; les dimensions des réservoirs sont d'autant plus importantes et les dispositifs et mecanismes annexes de même.Ces digesteurs devant être réchauffés, leur accroissement de volume demande une consommation proportionnellement plus importante d'energie. Ces dispositifs de plusieurs centaines et meme de miliers de mètres cubes sont pénalisés a cause de leurs fonds plats ou elliptiques et doivent possèder des organes de brassage géants, consommant exagérément de l'énergie; d'autre part les boues accumulées doivent faire l'objet d'extraction pouvant amener l'arret de l'installation. Le bilan de ces inconveniants a pour résultat que ces matériels ne sont pas industrialisés par leur court excessif et leurs défauts de fonctionnement. Seules quelques installations sont en activités mais ne permettent pas de refléter une future industrialisation. In known devices of this kind, the fermentation tanks are called fermenters in a discontinuous product supply system and digesters in a continuous system. Fermenters are generally pits in which unprepared materials are immersed in a liquid such as water, unless the product itself is already very liquid. A certain time must pass before the production of the gas, these are the phases of acidification and salification. To cope with these dead times, it is necessary to provide at least two tanks working alternately, one in preparation, the other in production. These devices therefore require several very expensive civil engineering works and large product handling elements. It is known a good number of defects difficult to remedy such as: thermal, liquid and gas tightness, poor production, a unfavorable aerobic environment on the surface, practically impossible cleaning of tank bottoms, deterioration by frost, complex recovery of waste with water separation and above all a high cost of works. The obvious fact of these faults is that out of the 4000 installations carried out during and after the last world war, less than 10 are still used today. Digesters tend to remedy these faults, they are vertical tanks or silos loaded using of a pump and emptying by overflow. The latter have made serious technical progress compared to fermenters. However, these devices are governed by criteria which remove their reliability. Working with filling pumps requires highly diluted and finely ground products; the dimensions of the tanks are all the more important and the devices and mechanisms annexed as well. These digesters having to be heated, their increase in volume requires a proportionately greater consumption of energy. These devices of several hundred and even thousands of cubic meters are penalized because of their flat or elliptical bottoms and must have giant brewing organs, consuming excessively energy; on the other hand the accumulated sludge must be the object of extraction which can bring the installation to a halt. The result of these inconveniences results in that these materials are not industrialized by their excessive short and their malfunctions. Only a few installations are in operation but do not reflect future industrialization.

Le dispositif suivant l'invention permet d'éviter ces inconvénients. Les déchets n'auront pas besoins d'être dilués fortement et le volume de stockage sera diminué de 10 a 20 fois. Par construction le dispositf sera améliore en étanchéité thermique, liquide et gazeuse; un seul dispositf sera nescessaire et les ouvrages en béton supprimes. Le dispositf évitera tout dépôt ou décantation de produit. La manutention se réalisera sans pompe pour éviter des incidents en fonctionnement par obturation. Le réchauffage du dispositif emploiera de l' énergie récupérée. L'utilisateur pourra employer le dispositif en alimentation continue ou discontinue. La vidange du produit pourra être forcée par pression d'air, ou réalisée par gravite, la mime pression d'air pourra déboucher toute tuyauterie colmatée.Le produit entrant dans le dispositif pourra être affiné pendant sa période de fermentation.The device according to the invention makes it possible to avoid these drawbacks. The waste will not need to be greatly diluted and the storage volume will be reduced by 10 to 20 times. By construction, the device will be improved in thermal, liquid and gas tightness; only one device will be needed and concrete structures removed. The device will avoid any deposit or decantation of product. Handling will be carried out without a pump to avoid incidents in shutter operation. Reheating the device will use recovered energy. The user can use the device in continuous or discontinuous supply. The emptying of the product can be forced by air pressure, or carried out by gravity, the same air pressure can lead to any clogged piping. The product entering the device can be refined during its fermentation period.

Le dispositif, objet de l'invention est une cuve spherique etanche, sur pattes munies de skids. Une pompe a vide-compresseur faisant partie du dispositif permet la mise a vide de la cuve pour aspirer les déchets, en milieu saturé et permet la fermentation en anaérobiose, sans air. La mise sous pression de la cuve permet l'extraction des déchets après fermentation avec nettoyage du fond de cuve par siphonnage. Cette même pression favorise le transport du produit en des points éloignés. Le réchauffage sera assuré par les calories récupérées au niveau des moteurs, ces derniers étant hydrauliques. Un élément du dispositif sera un mixer-hacheur affinant le produit pendant sa fermentation.The device, object of the invention is a sealed spherical tank, on legs provided with skids. A vacuum-compressor pump forming part of the device allows the tank to be vacuumed to suck up the waste, in a saturated medium and allows anaerobic fermentation, without air. The pressurization of the tank allows the extraction of waste after fermentation with cleaning of the tank bottom by siphoning. This same pressure promotes the transport of the product to distant points. Heating will be provided by the calories recovered from the motors, the latter being hydraulic. An element of the device will be a mixer-chopper refining the product during its fermentation.

Les possibilités d'application industrielle de l'invention sont vastes. Le dispositif, objet de l'invention est prévu pour traiter les déchets en zone rurale et peut-être mis a la disposition de tout particulier. Par extension de ses dimensions, le dispositf peut traiter les déchets au niveau des stations urbaines d'épuration des eaux usées, des centrales de traitements d'ordures, des exploitations agricoles et de toutes industries rejettant des produits a base de cellulose. Le dispositif permet donc de récupérer de l'énergie et de dépoluer sans consommation. D'autres applications peuvent être productrices d'énergie : ce serait par exemple le traitement des déchets de débrousaillage le long des chemins, des routes et des forêts ainsi l'assèchement des marais. The possibilities of industrial application of the invention are vast. The device, object of the invention is intended to treat waste in rural areas and may be made available to any individual. By extension of its dimensions, the device can treat waste at the level of urban wastewater treatment plants, garbage treatment plants, farms and all industries rejecting cellulose-based products. The device therefore makes it possible to recover energy and to clean up without consumption. Other applications can be energy producing: this would be for example the treatment of brushcutting waste along paths, roads and forests as well as the draining of marshes.

Claims (10)

REVENDICATIONS 1. Dispositif permettant la production de biogaz, avec introduction de produit1. Device allowing the production of biogas, with product introduction en continu ou en discontinu, avec agitation, isolation thermique et centrale continuous or discontinuous, with agitation, thermal and central insulation de régulation. of regulation. 2. Dispositif selon la renvendication 1,2. Device according to claim 1, caractérisé par le fait que le moyen destiné â la production est une sphère characterized in that the means for the production is a sphere ou une virole cylindrique munie de fonds sphériques, équipée de pattes sur or a cylindrical shell fitted with spherical bottoms, fitted with tabs on skids, d'une hauteur permettant le chargement par gravité de véhicules. skids, of a height allowing the loading by gravity of vehicles. 3. Dispositf selon la revendication 1,3. Device according to claim 1, caractérisé par le fait que le moyen destiné a la production est une cuve characterized by the fact that the means intended for the production is a tank se remplissant d'elle-meme, sans pompe, grâce a un dispositif d'aspiration filling by itself, without pump, thanks to a suction device par le vide, mu par un compresseur-pompe à vide. by vacuum, driven by a vacuum pump compressor. 4. Dispositif selon la revendication 1,4. Device according to claim 1, caractérisé par le fait que le moyen destiné a la production est une cuve characterized by the fact that the means intended for the production is a tank se vidant soit par débordement, soit par pression d'air en siphonnant le emptying either by overflow or by air pressure by siphoning the point bas. low point. 5. Dispositif selon la revendication 1,5. Device according to claim 1, caractérisé par le fait que le moyen destiné à la production est une cuve characterized by the fact that the means intended for the production is a tank sous vide d'air pendant la phase de fermentation. under vacuum during the fermentation phase. 6. Dispositif selon la revendication 1,6. Device according to claim 1, caractérisé par le fait que le moyen destiné a l'agitation est un mixer characterized by the fact that the means for agitation is a mixer broyeur, affinant le produit pendant la phase de fermentation et le pro grinder, refining the product during the fermentation phase and the pro pulsant de haut en bas dans un mouvement evitant le formation de boues en pulsating up and down in a movement avoiding the formation of sludge in partie basse et des croutes en partie haute. lower part and crusts in the upper part. 7. Dispositif selon la revendication 1,7. Device according to claim 1, caractérisé par le fait que le moyen destiné à réaliser l'isolation est une characterized in that the means for carrying out the insulation is a housse amovible, étanche aux intempéries, soit doublée d'une laine ou tissu removable cover, weatherproof, either lined with wool or fabric présentant un fort coefficient d'isolation thermique, soit d'une double with a high coefficient of thermal insulation, i.e. double paroie gonflable réalisant un vide d'air, du type pneumatique marin. inflatable wall creating a vacuum, of the marine pneumatic type. 8. Dispositif selon la revendication 1,8. Device according to claim 1, caractérisé par le fait que le moyen destiné a la régulation de l'ensemble characterized by the fact that the means for regulating the assembly est une centrale hydraulique a huile. is an oil hydraulic power plant. 9. Dispositif selon la revendication 1,9. Device according to claim 1, caractérisé par le fait que le moyen destiné à l'introduction de déchets non characterized in that the means for the introduction of non-hazardous waste aspirables, est un piquage situé au point bas de la cuve. L'introduction du vacuum, is a nozzle located at the bottom point of the tank. The introduction of produit est réalisé par pompe spéciale ou pousseur. product is produced by special pump or pusher. 10.Dispositif selon la revendication 8,10. Device according to claim 8, caractérisé par le fait que le moyen destiné au réchauffage est une centrale characterized by the fact that the means intended for reheating is a central hydraulique a huile, dont le circuit retour chargé de calories passe dans la hydraulic oil, whose return circuit loaded with calories passes through the cuve. tank.
FR8003451A 1980-02-12 1980-02-12 Appts. producing bio:gas by organic waste anaerobic fermentation - uses vacuum pump to suck raw material into spherical fermenting vessel Withdrawn FR2475571A1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2506327A1 (en) * 1981-05-25 1982-11-26 Warnier Antoine Slowing and opt. halting gas generation from fermentation - by increasing gas pressure e.g. in digester or cider bottle
US4436818A (en) 1980-07-11 1984-03-13 Peter Widmer Apparatus for carrying out an anaerobic fermentation of organic solid matter for the purpose of extracting a combustible gas

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR732738A (en) * 1931-07-23 1932-09-24 Method and device for operating sludge rot chambers
FR998739A (en) * 1949-10-07 1952-01-22 Tank for gas fermentation
DE1922800A1 (en) * 1969-05-05 1970-11-19 Pintsch Bamag Ag Heating activated sludge in a septic tank
JPS50135279A (en) * 1974-04-17 1975-10-27
DE2535756A1 (en) * 1975-08-11 1977-02-24 Hermann Besler Anaerobic fermenter for animal and vegetable waste - producing methane gas and fertiliser acting fermented product
DE2821790A1 (en) * 1978-05-18 1979-11-22 Hermann Besler Organic waste digestion - in heated fermenting tank with sludge circulation and gas extraction producing fertiliser
EP0007168A1 (en) * 1978-06-02 1980-01-23 Graham-Snider Energy Systems Process for methane and ammonia extraction from organic waste

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR732738A (en) * 1931-07-23 1932-09-24 Method and device for operating sludge rot chambers
FR998739A (en) * 1949-10-07 1952-01-22 Tank for gas fermentation
DE1922800A1 (en) * 1969-05-05 1970-11-19 Pintsch Bamag Ag Heating activated sludge in a septic tank
JPS50135279A (en) * 1974-04-17 1975-10-27
DE2535756A1 (en) * 1975-08-11 1977-02-24 Hermann Besler Anaerobic fermenter for animal and vegetable waste - producing methane gas and fertiliser acting fermented product
DE2821790A1 (en) * 1978-05-18 1979-11-22 Hermann Besler Organic waste digestion - in heated fermenting tank with sludge circulation and gas extraction producing fertiliser
EP0007168A1 (en) * 1978-06-02 1980-01-23 Graham-Snider Energy Systems Process for methane and ammonia extraction from organic waste

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 84, no. 25, 21 juin 1976, page 419, résumeé no. 178201p, COLUMBUS, Ohio (US), & JP - A - 50 135 279 (HITACHI LTD.)(27 octobre 1975) *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4436818A (en) 1980-07-11 1984-03-13 Peter Widmer Apparatus for carrying out an anaerobic fermentation of organic solid matter for the purpose of extracting a combustible gas
FR2506327A1 (en) * 1981-05-25 1982-11-26 Warnier Antoine Slowing and opt. halting gas generation from fermentation - by increasing gas pressure e.g. in digester or cider bottle

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