FR2475092A1 - DRAGLINE SCRAPER OPERATING IN MANUAL MODE OR IN AUTOMATIC MODE - Google Patents

Abstract

DRAGLINE SCRAPER OPERATING IN MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC MODE. THIS SCRAPER INCLUDES AN AUXILIARY MOTOR ASSEMBLY WHICH, DURING OPERATION IN AUTOMATIC MODE, PROVIDES SUPPORT TO THE DRIVING MOTOR, DURING THE SCRAPING PHASE, THE DRUM OF THE TRACTOR CABLE 9, SAID "SCRAPER DRUM", WHILE PUTTING THE PHASE, , THESE AUXILIARY MOTOR ACTS ON THE SCRAPER DRUM SO THAT THE TRACTOR CABLE 9 AND THE RECALL CABLE 10 MOVE SENSITIVELY AT THE SAME LINEAR SPEED. APPLICATION: TRANSPORT OF BULK MATERIALS.

Description

The invention relates to a dragline scraper ensuring the

  transport of bulk materials, including building materials

  truction, feeding a distributor-doser, or distributor, concrete preparation site where aggregates are arranged on storage locations surrounding the distributor against

  said aggregates are supported in slopes, the scraper can

  whether they operate in either manual or

  fully automatic and with a rotating chassis,

  placed on the distributor, which is articulated an arrow whose other end is free and on which a tractor target and a return target, ensuring the movement of the scraper, pass in two strands independent of each other on two

  winding drums, which are mounted on a shaft

  placed on the chassis and driven by a non-reversible winch,

  said drums being freely rotatable on the

  said tree or, on the contrary, to be united with it by

  intermediary of disengageable couplings.

  Dragline scrapers of this type are known and

  in that, during the so-called "automatic" operation, their operating phases are adapted to manual operation, the automatic sequence of operations being programmed so as to cause the automatic realization not only of the scraping itself, but also of the pivoting of the frame a

storage location to another.

  It is known from German patent application DE-AS 36 557, a dragline wiper of the aforementioned type wherein,

  during the decisive operating phase of the return of the skip

  cleuse, the latter remains suspended because the

  the retracting target drum is engaged, while the traction cable drum, disengaged, is braked with a low deceleration force, which is sufficient to pocket the descent of the

  the bucket. In automatic mode, this well-known apparatus

  do not use self-controlled adjusters that act on the manual control linkages of the couplings and brakes. Thanks to this method, the control linkages, (start-up levers), move during automatic operation, which puts into doubt the ability

  of the device & actually constitute a "combined" device.

  The known system saves the expense of

  the winch, which can only be obtained by means of

  electrical switching. However, this conception apparently

  the simple scraperT, which does not require more

  automatic mode, at least in its constructive and modest

  trice, - in manual mode, is actually difficult to control in automatic operation during the return phase of the bucket. Indeed, the brake which, during the withdrawal phase, keeps the bucket in suspension, and which is the brake of the towing cable, can be controlled, in manual mode, by the driver of the machine, thanks to a control pedal , in a way fine enough to adapt it to the physical data of the friction torque

  disc brake tape, which is not possible in automatic mode.

  only conditionally or not at all. The couple of brakes

  effective age suffers so many ill-defined influences that it is

  impossible to obtain that said pair has a correct value.

  determined, optimally adapted to the process of re-

  tower. Depending on the climatic circumstances, the hygrometry, the

  coefficient of friction of the brake lining, the

  this coefficient as a function of the temperature, the increase

  depending on the duration of the operation.

  the condition of the brake (and assuming that the brake is

  nically set correctly, there is no play in the wheelhouse), the purely theoretical value, calculated from the braking force, the coefficient of friction, the diameter of the brake disc and the angle the steering of the rope, the braking torque evolves, thus compromising the desirable uniformity of the withdrawal movement. When the machine operates daily for a large number of hours, the brake may

  to reach absolutely uncontrollable conditions, which

  damage to the entire winch or boom.

  A remedy is provided by an electronic control of pneumatic controls, but one thus loses the advantage of the mechanical simplicity peculiar to this construction. Given, on the other hand, the level of knowledge that can be requested,

  in general, to staff who conduct this kind of

  gins, the possibilities of such a servo system

are almost never exploited.

  In fact, during manual operation of the scraper,

  during manual scraping, the driver directs the

  is full in such a way that it rises, thanks to the tension or the stop of the return thrust, by shaving the surface of the stock,

24? 5092

  to the dispatcher's shop, thus traversing the path that offers the least resistance, whatever the shape of the embankment

of materials.

  In contrast, in automatic operation, this differentiated conduct of the bucket is not possible unless implement control means and servo which are no longer at all related to the total cost of the machine. So, for lack of flexible enough driving of the target of recall, the bucket will not follow the path offering the least resistance,

  but the shortest way, whatever the geometric form

  that of the embankment of materials and, in the extreme case, the bucket must

  make their way through clusters of aggregates.

  This variation of resistance during the

  ge, depending on whether the operation is manual or automatic, therefore requires, in the so-called "combined" scrapers, a driving power at the threshold much higher than that claimed by a scraper.

  purely manual operation. For reasons of security,

  the winch motor must be dimensioned to provide the necessary power in automatic operation, which means, in the final analysis, that one works in manual mode

  with a considerably oversized winch motor.

  It is known from the German patent application SE-OS

  27 07 289, a hand-operated dragline scraper or

  tomatic that works with a reversible drive motor for winding drums. In this arrangement, the withdrawal of the bucket is effected by a cooperation between a special return cable motor, controlled towards the recall of the

  bucket, with the engine of the traction target, which, after the

  clage, is also reversed and turns in the direction of the recall,

  which has the effect of keeping the bucket suspended. Toute-

  the principle thus defined, with a single engine and transmitted

  reversible, meets a limit when the direct command

  te and reversal of meaning can not be assured by the network

electrical distribution.

  The problem solved by the invention therefore consists in creating a dragline scraper of the aforementioned type which, thanks to the use

  a non-reversible motor for driving the winch,

  think to take precautions with respect to the reactions on the network, but which, on the other hand, & quickly the disadvantages inherent to the concept known from the German patent application DE-AS

4 2475092

36,557.

  This problem is solved, according to the invention, by providing a

  an auxiliary motor which, in automatic mode, helps the main engine

  during the "scraping" phase, to drive the drum on which the traction cable is wound, (which will be called "scraper drum" in what follows), while, during the recall phase, said auxiliary motor acts on the scraper drum so that the pulling cable and the return cable can

  to move about at the same speed.

  This auxiliary motor can be engaged or disengaged during

  the scraping phase, depending on the effort to be made, its link

  its with the scraping drum being ensured, preferably,

by a heat transmission.

  According to the invention, this auxiliary motor is essentially

  a reversible motor which, when operating in automatic mode,

  matic, can be secured to the scraper drum with the help of

of a coupling.

  The ratio of the respective powers of the non-reversing motor

  the drums and the reversing auxiliary motor.

  In the embodiment of the invention, this is approximately 4 to 1.

  According to a rational development of the invention, the auxiliary motor is also used for the descent

  from the scraper to its starting position.

  Other benefits, details and features stand out

  of the description which follows, relating to an example of execution

  without limitation of the invention, illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Fig.1 is an overall schematic view showing a scraper

  & dragline mounted on a dispatcher, also including a

  schematic presentation of the progress of the operating phases; and

  Fig.2 is a schematic view, in cavalier perspective.

  illustrating the motor arrangement of a scraper according to the invention,

represented in fig.1.

  According to FIG. 1, a dragline scraper 1 is mounted on

  a distributor-distributor, or dispatcher, 2, which limits to the

  of aggregate storage sites 3 and against

  which aggregates 4 are raised in slope. The scraper I essentially consists of a rotary frame 5, an arrow 6 articulated with said frame and whose other end 6 'is

245092

  free, a stay of the boom 7, a scraper 8, a traction target 9, a target of return 10, a device

  remote control or remote control 11 and a 12-speaker cabin

  the driver when operating in manual mode.

  Some positions of principle of the scraper 8 are shown in Fig.1. In position I, the bucket 8 brings back

  materials stored to the dispatcher's warehouse 2. In the

  sition II, the empty bucket, suspended above the stock, is

  led of the splitter 2 at the end 6 'of the arrow. In position III, the bucket is lowered from the end of the boom back to the storage location. Between the positions I to III, the operation of the bucket can be fully automatic. But as the engine equipment allows

  from automatic operation to manual operation

  nuel, a new possibility is created for the course of the movement of the bucket 8. Indeed, it can be launched by the driver beyond the end 6 'of the arrow,

  which makes it possible to collect more aggregates than the function-

  automatically could not reach.

  1a fig.1 further comprises, as an indication, a plan view of a sector-shaped storage location. In

  In fact, many of these sectors are juxtaposed, and the auto-

  full functioning of the system allows them to serve

  sively. Ia fig.2 allows to see the elements for the realization

  of the dragline wiper motor assembly. A winch 21

  by means of a heat transmission 22, a drum shaft 23 whose direction of rotation remains invariable

  and tends to wind the pulling cable 9 on the drum ra-

  24. Alongside said scraper drum 24, the shaft 23 also carries a return drum 25. Disengageable couplings 26 and 27 make it possible to rotate the said drums in rotation.

  with the tree 23, which leads them in the single direction indi-

  By winding either the traction target 9, entralnaut the bucket 8 in the direction of scraping or the target of return 10 driving said bucket 8 in the direction of recall. A first

  brake 28 serves to brake the scraper drum 24, when it

  it turns freely on the shaft 23 thanks to the disengagement of the ac-

  Coupling 26. Similarly, a second brake 29 can brake the return drum 25. In large gear, couplings

6 2475092

  26 and 27 are preferably made in the form of

  inner band with pneumatic actuation, the latter being

  to be implemented also in manual operation thanks to

  appropriate distributors. Indeed, a mechanical coupling

  that purely manual requires either considerable maneuvering efforts, or, if one wants to reduce the effort, races of

  long levers, which produces work that can no longer be

  To be asked today to the staff. However, instead

  couplings & inner belts and pneumatic actuation

  that electromagnetic couplings can also be used

  discs. The first brake 28 is preferably executed

  in the form of a belt brake actuated by a pneumatic cylinder

  single-action and spring-loaded, with the help of a

  dale acting on a valve. The second brake, used for the return drum 25 and having the form of a disc brake,

  is also operated by a pedal.

  The towing cable 9 and the return target 10 are generally

  directed to the corresponding drums 24 and 25 with the help of guides 32 and 33, mounted on the frame of the machine. A deflection pulley 34, located at the end 6 'of the boom, serves

to guide the return cable 10.

  The previously described elements make it possible to

  the scraper, in the usual way, in manual mode, by acting on the useful pneumatic devices which control the drums 24 and 25, that is to say by pressing the pedals

  respective brakes 28 and 29 and thus ensuring

  complete operation of a scraping operation.

  This manual scraper can be completed to constitute an automatic or combined machine, that is to say actuatable to the choice

  in manual mode or in automatic mode, thanks to the de-

  written below, which preferably contains, is constructed and arranged

  so that they can be mounted retrospectively on a prime machine

  mititively designed as a manual scraper.

  For this purpose, according to the invention, it is intended to install an auxiliary motor assembly 37 in the form of a gear motor having a power lower than that of the motor of the winch 21. The ratio of the respective powers of the motor of the winch and auxiliary motor 37 is approximately 4 to 1. the auxiliary motor 37, equipped with a brake 38 of the usual type for

  geared motors, is connected to the drum 24 by means of a transmission

7 24? 5092

  However, this link can be deleted

  thanks to a mechanical coupling 41 provided with a control lever

  clutch 42, which disengages the coupling for manual operation by removing any mechanical connection between the auxiliary motor 37 and the scraper drum 24. The release lever 42 also controls an electropneumatic contactor which, when the lever is in position "automatic", prohibited

  any manual intervention by inadvertent action on the dis-

  tributors of the couplings 26 and 27 or brakes 28 and 29.

  The auxiliary motor 37, secured to the scraper drum 24 via the cattery 40 and the coupling 41, is arranged in such a way that its power is added to that of the winch 21 when the machine is scraping, that is to say that the scraper drum 24 is secured to the shaft 23 by

the coupling 26.

  For the automation of the machine, it is also necessary to

  two 50 and 52 cable limit switches, which

  called scraper limit switches and contact

  end-of-travel booster. Channels 51 and 53

  directly these limit switches, which have several contacts depending on the positions that the bucket must take during operations, the drums 24 and 25, each longitudinal movement of the cables 9 and 10 thereby causing

  a rotation of the limit switches 50 and 52. The

  Triggers are adjustable and can be arranged according to local geometrical circumstances depending on the length of the boom and the height of the star splitter.

  taking into account the distance of scraping, the distance of rap-

  pel, the arc back to the vertical and the height whose

bucket must lower.

  To complete the automation, it is still planned to in-

  mounting an eddy current brake 48 which drives the return drum 25 via a chain transmission 49. In addition, an electromagnetic release device 54 can be provided in the motor assembly of the winch 21 which allows to uncouple the engine running idle from its clutch in

automatic operation.

  The operation of the motor elements according to the invention, in a dragline scraper, is as follows: Starting from the illustration of FIG. 1, the operations begin when the skip is at point I. The skip 8 is then at foot of the storage area. The winch 21 turns in the

  sense "scraping" and the scraper drum 24 wraps the trac-

  9. The coupling 26 is engaged on the shaft 23.

  the clutch lever 42 had been actuated to bring the coupling 41 to the "automatic" position. Therefore, the

  auxiliary motor 37 is rigidly connected, via

  40, with the scraper drum 24. The auxiliary motor 37 also rotates in the "scraping" direction and its

  power is added to that of the winch 21.

  From then on, the two engines pull together the bucket 8 jus-

  that has the position I '. In this position, which is at a

  distance of 2 to 3 m before the cable guides 32 and 33, the contact

  end of travel drum 52 of the return drum 25 is triggered and the brake 29 of said drum is tightened. This maneuver prevents

  the continuation of the unwinding of the return cable 10. However, the

  21 and 37 continue their race and, the cable 10 being blocked, raise the bucket 8 out of the embankment of materials. The bucket empties. In the position I = of this one, the contactor

  end of stroke 50 of the scraper drum 24 triggers in turn.

  The coupling 50 of the scraper drum 24 is disengaged and the solidarity

  Mechanical darity between the winch 21 and the shaft 23 on the one hand, the drum 24 on the other hand, is interrupted. At the same time, the auxiliary motor 37 is stopped and the brake 38 of said engine

  is tight. From then on, the skip 8 remains suspended freely,

  held by the brakes 29 and 38. This method prevents the fall

  possible dump in an empty store. of the dispatcher.

  Furthermore, in the position I ", a suitable limit switch re-establishes the coupling 27 of the return drum 25. The latter is thus, again, mechanically secured to the winch 21. The return target 10 s is wound on said drum 25 in the direction of the return of the cable, the winch and the shaft 23 always rotating in the same direction In the same

  When the coupling 27 is engaged, the brake 29 is released.

  The reversal of the direction of rotation of the provoking drum 25

  the opening of the limit switch 52. Therefore, the

  auxiliary motor 37 is started in the direction of

  traction cable 9, at the same time as the brake 38 of said engine is desseed. -Thus, the bucket 8 is suspended at the end of the stretched targets 9 and 10 and moves according to the

9 2475092

  synchronous rotation of the drums 24 and 25 in motion, following the arrow 6 to the position III. When this position is reached, the end switch 52 comes into action again. The rest of the process, that is to say the transfer of the belly to position III 'and the final descent of said bucket

  towards position 1, can take place in various ways.

Pendulum motion, hypothesis 1.

  The coupling 27 is disengaged, which cuts the solidarity

  mechanical connection between the winch 21, the chain 22 and the shaft 23 on the one hand, the return drum 25 on the other. At the same time, the brake 29 is tightened. The cable 10 is thus blocked. The auxiliary motor 37 continues to rotate in the direction of unwinding and the drum 24 progressively releases the target 9. The bucket 8, suspended by the blocked cable 10, therefore initiates a pendulum movement having for its center of rotation the return pulley 34 at the point 6 'of the arrow, until it has reached

position III '.

  When this position is reached, the end contactor

  50 is triggered and stops the auxiliary motor 37.

  This one is blocked at the same time by its brake 38.

Pendulum motion, hypothesis 2.

  The coupling 27 is disengaged, which cuts the solidarity

  Mechanical connection between the winch 21, the chatè 22 and the shaft 23 on the one hand, the return drum 25 on the other. Same

  time, the brake 29 is tightened, which blocks the movement of the cable.

  The current is turned off at the motor 37, the brake 38 remaining loose. The weight of the bucket 8 causes it, suspended at the end of the return target 10, to initiate a movement

  pendulum around a center of rotation constituted by the

  referral 34 at the end 6 'of the arrow, to the position II = t. When this position is reached, the limit switch 50 is triggered and clamps the brake 38 of the engine

auxiliary 37.

Descent, hypothesis 1.

  At the moment when the contactor 50 trips, the brake 29 opens

  fever. Therefore, the recall target 10 takes place and the skip 8

  descends vertically. Depending on the rotation speed of the drum

  During this movement, as well as according to the conditions of the coefficient of friction between the rubbers and the brake discs 29, the tightening of this brake is regulated by an electro-pneumatic device and the bucket reaches at a controlled speed. , to his starting position I. After

  the flow of an adjustable timer of a relay, which starts

  In position III ', a new work cycle can begin.

Descent, hypothesis 2.

  The operating principle is the same as the one above

  described above. However, the control of the speed of

  this time, no longer by the electro-

  evoked pneumatic, but by an eddy current brake

  48, connected by a chain 49 to the return drum 25. The characteristics

  characteristics of the brake 48 can influence the speed of

  descent of the bucket by regulating the resistance force by a rheos-

  state. Instead of the eddy current brake, it is possible to use

also a descent motor.

Descent, hypothesis 3.

  When the position III 'is reached, -the position is not, in this case, located vertically from the pulley 34

  of the arrow 6, the auxiliary motor 37 continues its course.

  Its brake 38 remains loose. Thanks to an electromagnetic release device 54, the motor of the winch 21 is uncoupled from its transmission, the movement is no longer transmitted to the shaft 23 and the latter stops. At the same time, the couplings 26 and 27 are engaged, so that the return drum adds its rotation to that of the scraper drum 24, which is transmitted to it by the shaft 23, and unwinds at the same time the return cable. 10. The bucket 8 goes down to its position I. In this last variant, it is useful to use a

  auxiliary motor provided with an inversion by

  This makes it possible to reduce the speed of descent of the bucket from position III 'to position I. Finally, it should be noted that the dragline scraper described above responds correctly and remarkably to the specifications presented, thanks to the auxiliary motor provided by the invention. A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the auxiliary motor can be actuated or stopped depending on the power demanded by the motor, that is to say

  the antagonistic effort that acts on the bucket.

24? 5092

Claims (7)

  1.- Dragline scraper for the transport of bulk materials, including building materials, supplying the   distributor or distributor, of a preparation   concrete aggregates are arranged on storage locations surrounding said distributor against which said   aggregates are supported on the slope, said scraper being able to function   indifferently in manual mode or in automatic and com-   carrying a rotating frame, arranged on the distributor, which is articulated an arrow whose other end is free and on which a tractor target and a return target, ensuring the   movement of the scraper, go in two independent strands   two winding drums, which are mounted on a shaft arranged on the frame and driven by a non-reversible winch, said drums being able to be left in free rotation on said shaft or, conversely, secured to said shaft;   with him via disengageable couplings,   characterized by the presence of an auxiliary motor assembly   liaire (37) which, when operating in automatic mode, provides a boost to the driving motor, during the phase of   scraping, the drum (24) of the tractor target (9), said utambour ra-   while, during the withdrawal phase, said auxiliary motor acts on the scraper drum (24) such that the tractor target (9) and the return target (10) move.   substantially at the same linear speed.   2. Wiper according to claim 1, characterized in that the auxiliary motor assembly (37) can be put into service or stopped during the scraping phase, depending on the effort to provide.   3. Wiper according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized   characterized in that the auxiliary motor (37) is connected to the scraper drum (24) via a chain transmission (40).   4. Wiper according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized   characterized in that the auxiliary motor assembly (37) comprises   sensibly a reversible motor which, in automatic operation,   can be secured to the scraper drum (24) by   via a clutch (41) disengageable.   5. Scraper according to claim 4, characterized in that the ratio of the powers of the motors of the winch (21) and it 12 2475092   the auxiliary assembly (37) is about 4 to 1.   6. Wiper according to one of claims I to 5, characterized   in that the auxiliary motor unit (37) can be connected   to the drums (24, 25) so that in the event of disunion   said drums with the winch (21), said motor   liaire (37) controls the descent process of the skip. cleuse (8).   7. Wiper according to claim 6, characterized in that the auxiliary motor (37) is reversible by inversion of polarity of the poles.