FR2474751A1 - FAST MOVEMENT SWITCH, IN PARTICULAR FOR MOTOR VEHICLES - Google Patents

Abstract

THE INVENTION CONCERNS A QUICK MOVING SWITCH FOR MOTOR VEHICLES. THE SWITCH INCLUDES A TOGGLE PUSHBUTTON 28 ACTIVATING A CONTROL UNIT 43, A LOCKABLE JUMP UNIT 44 AND A SPRING 80, ENERGY ACCUMULATOR, ALLOWING TO QUICKLY MOVE THE JUMP UNIT WHICH DRIVES THE CONTACTS OF AN ELECTRICAL POSITION REST AT THE FOLLOWING. THE DIFFERENT REST POSITIONS ARE DEFINED BY TWO LOCKING CAMS WITH STAIRCASE PROFILE 97, 98 AND TWO STOP ELEMENTS 90, 91. SLOPES 96 OF STOP ELEMENTS 90, 91, COOPERATING WITH BEAMS 86 OF THE ELEMENT 85, DETERMINE THE ENERGY ACCUMULATED BY THE SPRING AT THE TIME OF SWITCHING. THE INVENTION APPLIES TO QUICK MOVEMENT SWITCHES FOR MOTOR VEHICLES.

Description

247475 1

  The present invention relates to a fast-moving electric switch, particularly for motor vehicles having a manual control key by which the switch can be operated from the outside, between at least three switching positions, a control member movable by means of the manual control key, a lockable jump member in each of its positions

  by stop elements which each cooperate with an engagement cam.

  and can be triggered by the control member, and elastic means which, when releasing the stop elements, move

  the jumping member at its next rest position.

  In the electrical switches used to switch DC currents, arcs are established during closure and especially when the contacts are opened, which only go out when the contacts have reached a determined interval, depending on the applied voltage. Such arcs have the effect of damaging the electrical contacts that are eroded, so that the switch ends up being no longer usable. It can, moreover, be a release of heat causing the fusion of the plastic material surrounding the

  contact. This also leads to the failure of the switch.

  So that the duration of the arc is as short as possible and

  the reduced heat output, it is appropriate that the electrical contacts

  are opened as soon as possible.

  So we built switches incorporating an accumula-

  energy during which, during the operation of the switch, energy is brought from the outside, and which communicates a rapid movement to the electrical contacts by providing, in a short time,

stored energy.

  Such a switch with rapid movement device is known from the published German patent application DE-OS 24 27 315. This

  switch has a plurality of stop fingers which, through

  spring, support against the switch housing, and are movable in the direction of their length. These stop fingers serve as stops for a jump ring and can be moved back by a control ring. The ring or jump disk and the ring or control disc are biased against each other by an elastic ring. When turning the control ring, the ring of

  jump is first held in its position by a stop finger.

  The elastic ring is bandaged. Finally, the stop finger releases the jump ring, so that the elastic ring can provide its energy and quickly move the jump ring and electrical contacts.

  related to it in any way.

  In a switch constructed in the manner described, the path of the jump member between two switch positions is at least equal to the width of a stop finger plus that of the jump member portion between the stop fingers. The switching path can thus reach a notable length, especially when the stop fingers and the jumper member are molded from plastics material and when

  parts subjected to stress during switching shall

  feel a certain thickness for reasons of robustness. In addition, in the case of this switch, the number of spring-loaded stop fingers increases linearly with the number of desired switch positions. Moreover, it is difficult to realize this switch so that it has a sudden jump behavior both in the case of a clockwise rotation and in the case of a clockwise rotation.

  rotation in the opposite direction of clockwise.

  A switch known from DE-PS 10 74 113 does not have the last two disadvantages mentioned. In this switch, two elastic stoppers operating parallel to each other are formed on the stop member of the switch. The stoppers each cooperate with an interlocking cam which is integral with the housing and which consists of three rectangular latching depressions and two rectangular teeth separating them.

  depressions one of the other. In this switch, the commu-

  tation is, similarly, at least equal to the width of a tooth plus the width of an interlocking spout. When switching, the stoppers arrive at high speed on the upper portions of the teeth, so that over time, the material of the latter and

  stoppers are deformed. This is especially the case when the

  Sants of the switch are made of plastic. It may therefore happen that at high switching speeds the stoppers do not engage quickly enough in the latching depressions, so that a switching position is exceeded. This risk is particularly important if the material of the teeth and stoppers

has already distorted.

  The object of the present invention is to improve a communication

  fast-moving electric actuator so that the disadvantages

  above mentioned inherent switches known no longer present.

  There shall be no deformation of material in the region of the interlocking cams and stop elements. This switch will

  It can be reliably brought from a switching position to a posi-

  neighboring switching circuit without the risk of jumping beyond it. In addition, this switch must ensure that the switching paths can, as far as possible, be chosen independently of the dimensions that the requirements of construction and robustness impose on the stop elements. And all these results must be achieved with a simple construction and minimal complexity, and

  with stop elements as few as possible.

  According to the invention, this is achieved by means of a fast-moving electric switch whose interlocking cam is in the form of a staircase, of which at least two interlocking cams have profiles rising in opposite directions, one of which stopping element is associated with each engagement cam in such a manner that, in an extreme position of the jumper member, a stopping member cooperating with a rising profile engagement cam in one direction, and an element in the other direction are located respectively, one on the step

  the lowest and the other on the highest step of the cam

with which he cooperates.

  In such a switch, the stop elements meet each time the entire front surface of an engagement step. Any deformation of material, especially at the edges of the stop elements and interlocking cams, is virtually excluded. It is also ensured that there will be no jump beyond a position when switching, Indeed, the stop elements remain at the height of the next engagement step and must not engage in a depression for engagement. The interval of the interlocking steps, in the direction of the movement of the jumper member, can in principle be as short as desired, so that the switching paths can be selected very substantially independently. Finally, in the case of a switch according to the invention, it is possible to carry out any number of switching positions, with a maximum of two stop elements. What changes is simply the number of bleachers of the interlocking cams. Of course, the number of stop elements increases if several interlocking cams and

  stop elements operate in parallel.

  Advantageous embodiments can be realized.

  For example, an enlargement of the stop portion of the stop elements makes them sufficiently robust even if the engagement steps are relatively narrow. By a particular arrangement, it is also used for the interlocking cams, and for the stop elements, the space which, because of the size of the switch components, is anyway in the direction of the movement of the switch. jump member, so that the dimension of the switch measured transversely to this direction remains limited compared to what it is in the case of a construction where these interlocking cams are arranged one side of the other in the direction of movement of the jumping organ. In addition, the interlocking cams can then be advantageously arranged so as to have a common step; this results in a saving in material and a certain reduction in the extent of the interlocking cams. This step can be either the lowest step, or the highest step. Such an embodiment where the common step is the highest step has the advantage that the stop element must not enter the step

lower.

  Advances of the switch provided in which there is at least one other engagement cam, for a further plurality of switch positions, located in the housing on the opposite side to the first cam, are particularly advantageous because with same parts, the switch can be mounted to have a given number of switching positions among several possible. For an embodiment with two switching positions, it is then sufficient to mount a single stop element in the housing provided for this purpose, although we can also use two. If, on the other hand, the stop elements were in one piece with the switch housing, or if they were connected to the jumper, then for a different number of switching positions another switch box, or

another jumping organ.

  One could certainly consider arranging the cams

  in such a way that they are themselves replaceable. The mounting of another interlocking cam would then, under certain conditions, to obtain another number of switching positions, without having to modify the stop elements and their arrangement. he

  however, a special tool is required for each interlocking cam.

  It is therefore more advantageous, especially if several cams

  and the stop housing shall be mounted in the switch so that the interlocking cams are formed in one piece with the switch housing or jumper. Various numbers of switching positions could then be obtained by

  different assemblies of identical stop elements.

  As stop elements, use is advantageously made of slides

  spring-loaded snap-in buckets because a spring with a stable constant over an extended temperature range can be selected, while the modulus of elasticity varies greatly in the case of

  plastic tabs biased in deformation.

  With one embodiment of the engagement cams on the jump member and the stop members on an integral portion of the housing, it can be easily achieved that the control member and the jumper member are mutually displaced. of the same quantity during a transition from any switching position to a neighboring position. On the other hand, a switch has the interlocking cams on an integral part of the casing and the stop elements on the jumper member, among other things, offers the advantage of simple assembly. In addition, this results in the result that the switching then requires to deploy an increasing stepped step force to go from one extreme position to the other, since the elastic means, starting from the same initial position, are caused to undergo a stress that is stronger and stronger before the triggering of the locking elements. Such an effect is desirable because it reduces the risk of inadvertently going beyond the next position. The differences in the force to be deployed for switching can be further increased by playing on the slopes of the ramps or portions of ramps or the heights and widths of the different steps. These differences can also be realized if the interlocking cams are on the jump member and the stop elements on a part or a part.

secured to the housing.

  The edges on the control member or on the stop elements, cooperating with the ramps or meeting surfaces, are chamfered, so that the wear of these edges has little influence on the switching behavior. . Finally, a particularly simple arrangement is that where the control member and the jump member are located

  one in the other and are solicited by a coil spring.

  The invention will be better understood and other features

  will appear with the following description and accompanying drawings

  o: - Figure I shows a first example of a switch according to the invention, wherein the stop elements are on the jumper member, while the locking cams are on the housing - the figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the switch according to FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a top view of the jumper; FIG. 4 is a view of the interlocking cams in a slightly modified housing relative to FIG. to that of the embodiments according to Figures I and 2; FIG. 5 shows an engagement slide with modified contact surfaces with respect to that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;

  FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the engagement mechanism

  a switch according to the invention, in which the stop elements are on the housing, and the interlocking cams on the jumper, the two interlocking cams having in common the lowest step - Figure 7 shows schematically an embodiment similar to that of Figure 6, wherein the interlocking cams and the stop elements are arranged next to each other; - Figure 8 schematically shows two interlocking cams with steps of different heights, and two different meeting surfaces on a control member; and FIG. 9 schematically represents another interlocking cam having steps of the same height and a meeting surface provided with

  portions with different slopes.

  The switch shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a housing 11 which has four side walls 12, 13, is closed in

  bottom by a bottom plate 14 and has, upwards, two openings

  15, 16. In the opening 16 is engaged and retained a plate 17 non-opaque to light. Below this plate, a lamp 18 is fixed in the bottom plate 14. When the illumination of a vehicle is activated, the lamp 18 lights up, so that, even in the dark, the position of the switch is easily identifiable, thanks to the light

  which passes through the plate 17 and which is detectable with the naked eye.

  The opening 16 is bordered on one side by a wall 12, on two sides by the walls 13, and on the fourth side by a transverse bar 19 which connects the walls 13 and which projects on a certain

  length inside the case. At the height of the end

  top of the transverse bar 19, runs a wing 20 whose edges

  interiors meeting perpendicularly bear obtur-

  21 and 22 which are raised above these edges and frame the opening 15. The first closure wall 22 has,

in the middle, a recess 23.

  The control button of the switch is in the form of an actuating lever 28 which has the shape of a box turned and arched in the middle. It consists of a bottom 29, two short sides 30 and two long sides 31 in the middle of which are formed the two retaining pins 32 which engage in two circular recesses 33 arranged in the walls 13 of the housing 11 and thus support the rocker 28 by allowing its angular movements. The side walls 30 and 31 of the rocker 28 are thus in the cavity 34 resulting from the presence of the shutter walls 21 and 22, the flange 20, the walls 13, the wall 12 and the transverse bar 19 In the small side 30 of the rocker 28, there is an opening 35 behind which terminates a bar 36 transmitting light, maintained in the rocker. This bar brings to the opening 35 part of the light radiated by the lamp. This light is more or less visible depending on the position of the latch 28 and therefore indicates the position

that takes the switch.

  By two journals 37, the light-emitting bar 36 in two lugs 38 projecting from the bottom 29 of the rocker 28, pass inside the shutter walls 21 through the opening 15 and penetrate into the interior of the switch where they are engaged in the control member 43. Thanks to the tabs 38, the switch can therefore be switched from one to the other of its various positions, by means of

the rocker 28.

  The control member 43 and the jump member 44 are constituted so as to operate in sliders. The jump member 44 has a bottom 45, applied on the lateral edges 46 of the bottom plate 14, and has, in the middle of each end face, an extension 47. Two supports 48, 49, including an outer surface 50 is in flush with the corresponding lateral edge, and whose end face 51 is flush with the end edge of the extensions 47, protruding from the bottom 45. offset outwards, the thickness of the supports 48 and 49, the two walls 52 range from the supports 48 to the supports 49. They are lower than the supports. Their end faces are drawn in broken lines in Figure 3. From these end faces, they are extended in thin strips 53 which are formed on the supports and

  whose upper side is on the extension of the upper surfaces

walls 52. -

  On the portions of the bottom 45 projecting beyond the walls 52, are provided housing 57 and 58 for the stop elements. On one side, there is only one housing 57. On the other side, there is, arranged one after the other in the direction of the movement of the jump slide, two 58. The dwellings are closed on the inside by walls 52, and laterally by columns 59, while

  are open to the outside. The columns consist of two

  60 and 61 of different heights, both higher than the walls 52. Grooves 62 in the portions 61 of the columns 60

  serve to maintain and guide improved stop elements.

  On the lower face of the bottom 45 of the jump slide 44 are formed protruding parts: 63 which directly control the

  movable contacts 65 of the switch via compression springs 64.

  The movable contacts 65 cooperate with fixed contacts 66 mounted

  on outgoing metal sheets, in the form of flat pins 67.

  The control member 43 is located between the jump slide 4 and ribs 72 formed on the flange 20 of the casing 11. It has a flat plate 73 which, on its lower face, is in contact with the supports 48 and 49. and which, laterally, is in contact with the portions 61 of the columns 59. The length of the plate 73 corresponds to the length of the jump slide 44. On the extreme edges of the underside of the plate, the control member 43 carries two ribs Longitudinally directed, whose outer side extends downward the corresponding outer side of the plate 73. The ribs 74, which is

  thus find above the walls 52 of the jumper 44,

  The two ribs 74 are interrupted and the plate 73 is hollowed out from its side edge, so that two housings 75 for the ends 76 of the tabs 38 of the actuating lever 28 are thus formed. In Figure 2, we can

Z474751

  see the rib 74 on one side of the control slider 43, and,

  on the other side, the housing 75 with the end 76 of a tab 38.

  In addition to the ribs 74, there are on the underside of the plate 73 two oblong nipples 77 and 78 which extend from the extreme sides 79 of the plate 73 and whose height and length correspond to the height and length of the supports 48 and 49, while their width

  corresponds to the interval of the supports 48, 49.

  The control slider 43 and the jump slider 44 are mutually coupled by a helical spring 80 which is located in the recess 81 which the jump slider 44 comprises, this recess being formed by the walls 52, the supports 48 and 49 and the 45. In the absence of external forces, each end of the coil spring 80 bears against the two corresponding supports 48, 49 and against

  pins 77, 78 protruding between these supports, and maintains the two slides

  buckets 43 and 44 in a fixed mutual position.

  Upper side, plate 73 of the control slider 43

  door, on each longitudinal side, two cantilevered elements 85.

  These latter extend towards one another for a certain distance, from the extreme sides 79. Their lower face is, like the upper face of the plate 73, at the height of the upper end of the column portions. 61. Their portions protruding laterally above

  of the plate 73 have their lower edges facing chamfered.

  They cooperate with the stop elements on the jump slide 44.

  These stop elements are made as engagement sliders 90 and 91 which are movable in the housings 58 that includes the jump slide 44. In one direction, the sliders

  90 and 91 are each displaced by a compression spring.

  92 which bears against the bottom of a hole 93 formed in the engagement sliders, and against the bottom 45 of the jump slide 44. The sliders 90 and 91 have two portions 94 and 95 which, by their cross section, correspond to the portions of the housings 58 situated between the portions 60, 61. The upper surface of the portion 94 is in the form of a pinion or chevron. Each gable side serves as

  encounter surface 96 for the edge 86 of a cantilever 85.

  Due to the symmetrical two-sided shape of the meeting surface 96, the two interlocking slides 90 and 91 can be identical to each other. The portion 95 of each interlocking slide is

  longer than the portion 94 and of parallelepipedal shape.

  The portions 94 and 95 of the interlocking sliders are in contact with the two cams or interlocking curves 97 and 98 which are arranged one after the other and which are formed on the lower side of a longitudinal side. of the wing 20, as particularly clearly shown in Figure 4. This shows a housing which differs from the housing according to Figures 1 and 2 only by the longitudinal arrangement of the ribs 72, and whose elements therefore bear the same references. The interlocking cams 97 and 98 are in the form of a staircase. They "ride" in opposite directions and have their highest superior step in common. Steps or steps are

  narrower than the portion 95 of the interlocking slides 90 and 91.

  FIG. 4 also shows that the longitudinal side of the flange 20, facing the interlocking cams 97 and 98, carries another cam or engagement curve 100 which, essentially, is formed by the

  stop 101. This engagement cam has no effect if there is no.

  snap-in slide introduced into the housing 57 that includes the jump slide 44. Conversely, the engagement cams 97 and 98 remain without influence when the two engagement slides 90 and 91 are remote and a snap-in slide is introduced in the housing 57. The switch then has two positions. For this, it is therefore necessary at least one interlocking slide. For

  three positions, and more, just two sliders

  mation. The number of positions therefore depends only on the form of

interlocking cams.

  The switch shown in Figures 1 and 2 has two positions. It is in the left lateral position. In this position, the engagement slider 90 is on the highest step 99 of the engagement cam 97, and the slider

  latch 91 is on the lowest step of the engagement cam.

  This position is stable since, because of the stop of the actuating lever 28 against the wing 20, and because of the stop of the control sliders and jump against the lamp mount, to the left and because of the abutment of the engagement slider 91 against the middle step of the engagement cam 98, the movable elements of the switch are stopped to the right. This being so, if the actuating lever is turned counterclockwise (considering FIG. 1) to place the switch in the middle position, the control slider 43 is then moved to

24 7475 1

  the right by the legs 38, so that with the help of the meeting surface 96 and the edge 86, the engagement slide 91 is brought back. The jump slide is blocked, so that the pin 77 on the control slider 43 compresses the spring 80 against the support 49 on the jump slide 44. Finally, the engagement slider 91 is moved back from the height the middle step of the engagement cam 98. The spring 80 can then relax suddenly, and the jumper 44 follows. Although the release of the engagement slider 91 by the control slider 43 is effected before the slider has reached the middle position, the sliders 43 and 44, as well as the latch 28, are projected on the middle position due to the kinetic energy of the jump slide. By its compression spring 92, the interlocking slide 90

  is moved forward, on the middle step of the interlocking cam.

  97. The moving parts of the switch are then stopped in the

  two directions by the two interlocking slides.

  Then, if the switch is to go to the right lateral position, the actuating lever 28 is again turned counterclockwise. This again drives the control slider 90. As the engagement slider 91 is then recoiled with respect to the position shown in Figure 1, the edge 86 meets the surface 96 after a certain path. This

  only during the following movement that the slider engages

  91 is moved back from the height of the grain 99. Finally, the locking interlock is undone. The spring 80 can relax and the elements of the switch rush to the right lateral position in which they are stopped by abutment against the housing,

  on the one hand, and by the interlocking slide 90, on the other hand.

  To move from the middle position to a lateral position,

  a greater force is required than to move from a lateral position

  in the middle position for two reasons: firstly, the

  greater displacement of the control element 43 until the release

  The engagement of the interlocking slider 91 causes the spring 80 to be more strongly constrained, which is the main cause of the greater effort to be deployed, and, on the other hand, there is a greater low influence of the spring 92 of the interlocking slide 91, a spring which will have to undergo prestressing from a higher starting position in the median position than in the left lateral position,

  which requires a greater force.

  In the case of switching to the left, whether from a right lateral position or the middle position, the slide

  latch 90 is triggered. Except for their direction

  tion, the movements are carried out in a similar way to what has been described. In order to avoid erroneous switching, it is desirable that, as already explained above, the forces for switching from one extreme position to another extreme position increase. If the different compression arrows of the spring 80 do not lead to the desired force differences, then the sliders can be made

  as shown by way of example in FIG.

  the two meeting surfaces 105 of the engagement slide

  each of which consists of two portions-106 and 107, the portion 107 having a steeper slope than the portion 106. If two interlocking sliders according to FIG. 5 are mounted in a switch according to FIGS. 1 and 2, at the place of the interlocking slides 90 and 91, in the case of a switching of the position

  median at a lateral position, the edges 86 of the door-to-door elements

  false 85 then cooperate with the portions 107 with a steeper slope of a meeting surface or ramp 105. The steeper slope of the portion 107 has the effect of further increasing the difference between

external forces required.

  Figures 6 to 9 schematically show various mechanisms

  switching engagement means of a switch according to the invention, in which the interlocking sliders 110 are guided on the housing 11, the cams or interlocking curves 111 are on the jumper member 113 and two encounter surfaces 114 on a control element. The

  interlocking slides 110 thus retain, even during a

  their position in the direction of the movement of the organ of

  113 and the control element, while the cams

  112 and the meeting surfaces or ramps 114 are driven.

  This configuration allows, in a simple way, a construction in which the maneuvering paths of the control element, until the release ("triggering") of the engagement slider 110, are always the same. This is so for all executions according to

Figures 6 to 9.

  The embodiment according to FIG. 6 has engagement cams

  112, the steps of which are all the same height, and, with the exception of the steepest step, the same width. The meeting surfaces 114 are formed by flat surfaces whose slope derives from the width and height of the engagement steps. The lower engagement step is common to both interlocking cams. The jump member and the control element can therefore, in the two outer positions, be locked only by one of the two interlocking slides 110. For this, the width of the lowest step must be

  roughly match that of the interlocking slides.

  The example in Figure 7 is similar to Figure 6.

  All the steps of the interlocking cams 111 and 112 have the same height and width, and the meeting surfaces 114 are planar. However, if we consider the direction of the relative movement of the jump member and the control element, unlike FIG. 6, the two engagement cams 111 and 112, the two interlocking slides 110 and the two encounter surfaces 114 are arranged next to each other,

  each on one side of the jumping organ.

  In the case of an embodiment according to FIGS.

  and 7, the forces necessary for switching are, if we

  the small influence of the compression springs 92, equal for the different switching positions. In order to obtain different switching forces, it is then possible, as shown in FIG. 8, to give different magnitudes to the steps of the interlocking cams 11 and 112. The encounter surface 114, shown below the cam

  latch 112, consists of portions 115 having different slopes.

  rents, so that the switching forces are different. The slope of an individual portion 115 is here equal to the ratio of the

  height to the width of the interlocking step associated with this portion.

  The differences between the switching forces can be further increased by using the meeting surface 114 which is

  below the engagement cam 111.

  This meeting surface 114 consists of several horizontal portions 116 and an identical number of oblique portions 117. The slope of the oblique portions 117 is greater than

  ratio of the height to the width of the interlocking steps corresponding to

respondents.

  FIG. 9 shows that, with an appropriate configuration of the encounter surface 114, different switching forces can be obtained, even with an interlocking cam 112 whose steps all have the same height. For this purpose, the horizontal portions 116 are longer from one step to another, and the oblique portions 117 have

  a steeper slope from one step to another.

  In Figure 8, for simplicity, there are shown two meeting surfaces with different profiles. However, if it is necessary to obtain the same switching behavior in the two switching directions, then identical shapes are given to the two meeting surfaces. Finally, it should also be pointed out that, in the case of the embodiments according to FIGS. 6 to 9, it is also possible to obtain, by an appropriate configuration of the encounter surfaces, that the distance from which the control element is displaced, relative to to the jumping member, when switching,

  different from one switchover to another.

  Of course, the embodiments described are not

  in no way limitative of the invention.

Claims (22)

  1. A quick-action electric switch, particularly for motor vehicles, comprising: - a manual control key by which the switch can be   maneuvered from the outside, between at least three   tation; - a control member movable by means of the manual control key; - A jump member lockable in each of its positions by stop elements which each cooperate with an engagement cam and are triggerable by the control member; and elastic means which, when the stop elements are released, move the jumper member to its next rest position, this switch being characterized in that the engagement cam is in the form of a staircase, in at least two interlocking cams (97, 98; 111, 112) have profiles increasing in opposite directions, and in that a stop member (90, 91; 110) is associated with each cam latching means (97, 98; 111, 112) such that, in an extreme position of the jumper member (44; 113), a stop member (91; 110) cooperating with a latching cam ( 98; 111) in a direction, and a stop element (90; 111) cooperating with an interlocking engagement cam (97; 112) in the other direction, respectively, are located on the lowest step, and the other on the highest step of the interlocking cam (97, 98; 111, 112) with which he cooperates.   2. Switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the portion (95) of a stop member (90, 91) in contact with the engagement cam (97, 98) is wider than least some of the bleachers   of the engagement cam (97, 98).   3. Switch according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized   characterized in that two interlocking cams (111, 112), having profiles rising in opposite directions, and the stop elements (110) belonging to these interlocking cams (111, 112), are arranged, at least approximately next to each other, considering the   direction of movement of the jumping member (113).   4. Switch according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized   in that two interlocking cams (97, 98) having profiles rising in opposite directions as well as stop elements (90, 91) belonging to these interlocking cams (97, 98) are arranged , one after the other, considering the direction of the movement of the jumping member (44).   5. Switch according to claim 4, characterized in that the two interlocking cams (97, 98; 111, 112) have a step (99) in common. 6. Switch according to claim 5, characterized in that the two interlocking cams (111, 112) have in common the lowest step, and in that this step has a width of the same order as that of the portion of stop elements (110) in contact   interlocking cams (111, 112).   Switch according to claim 5, characterized in that the two interlocking cams (97, 98; 111, 112) have in common the highest step (99), and that in both positions of   switching, a portion of an organ (28, 43, 44) of the   controller, moved during switching, is in contact with a part (12, 14) secured to the shoemaker.   8. Switch according to any one of claims 1 to 7,   characterized in that the stop members (90, 91) are insertable into housings (58), and that there is at least one other engagement cam (100) for another plurality of switching positions, and at least one empty housing (57) which is assigned to   said other engagement cam (100) for receiving a stop member.   9. Switch according to claim 8, characterized in that   the interlocking cams (97, 98) for the first plurality of posi-   switching positions, and the interlocking cams (100) for the other plurality of switching positions are located respectively on the first side and on the other side of the switch housing (11), or the jumping organ.   10. Switch according to any one of claims 1   9, characterized in that the stop elements are snap-in slides (90, 91, 104, 110) which a spring (92) presses against   the interlocking cams (97, 98; 111, 112).   11. Switch according to any one of claims I   10, characterized in that the interlocking cams (111, 112) are on the jump member (113) and the stop elements (110) on   a portion (11) secured to the housing.   12. Switch according to any one of claims 1   to 10, characterized in that the interlocking cams (97, 98) are on a portion (20) integral with the housing, and the elements   stop (90, 91) are on the jump member (44).   13. Switch according to one of claims II or 12,   characterized in that the stop members (90, 91, 104, 110) are   releasable by ramps (96; 105; 114).   Switch according to claim 13, characterized in that   that the ramps (114) are on the control member.   15. Switch according to claim 13, characterized in that the ramps (96; 105) are on the stop elements (90, 91 104).   16. Switch according to one of claims 10 or 15,   characterized in that the interlocking slides (90, 91; 104) have two ramps (96; 105) arranged symmetrically one through   relationship to each other and descending to different sides.   17. Switch according to any one of claims 13   at 16, characterized in that the ramps (105; 114) are composed of various portions (106, 107, 115, 117) each assigned to a transition   switch position to the neighbor, these portions having different slopes.   18. Switch according to any one of claims 13   17, characterized in that the slope of at least one portion (106, 107   117) ramps (105; 114) assigned to a transition between two posi-   The specified switching ratios are larger than the ratio of the height to the width of the interlock cam step assigned to the same transition.   19. Switch according to any one of claims 13   18, characterized in that the interlocking cams (111) have   Steps of different heights.   20. Switch according to any one of claims 13   19, characterized in that the interlocking cams have tiers of different widths.   21. Switch according to any one of claims 13   20, characterized in that the ridges (86) which on the   Mande (43) or on the stop elements cooperate with the ramps (96), are chamfered.   22. Switch according to any one of the   cations] to 21, characterized in that the control member (43) and the jump member (44) are guide sliders one inside the other, and in that the elastic means (80) are constituted by a helical spring biased at both ends by the two slides (43, 44).