FR2473893A1 - DRIVE DEVICE FOR A SOUND RECORDING TAPE IN A SOUND REPRODUCING APPARATUS, PARTICULARLY FOR USE IN A CINEMATOGRAPHIC PROJECTOR - Google Patents

Abstract

SOUND REPRODUCTION APPARATUS (TOY) THAT CAN BE USED FOR A CINEMATOGRAPHIC PROJECTION; THE FILM OR RECORDING TAPE DRIVE SYSTEM IS MANUALLY OPERATED, WITH WHEEL 52, 54, 56 CONTROLLED BY A HANDLE 30 AND CONTROLLING THE FILM OR TAPE DRIVE PINION WHEEL WHICH IS LOCATED IN A STORE.

Description

The invention relates to a sound reproduction apparatus in the form of a

  toy, and also of cinematographic projection, of simple and economical construction in that it does not require the use of a motor driven by alternating current or by battery. The device also makes it possible to modify the reproduction by modifying the speed, which modifies the tone

  sounds and represents an attraction for the child.

  According to the invention, the drive system

the recording tape or film is manual and has a handwheel with a handle which in turn controls a pinion drive wheel for the film

  or the tape contained in the store.

  The steering wheel is advantageously driven using the handle by means of a flexible coupling which allows relatively angular deviations

  important. This flexible coupling consists before-

  a spiral spring, preferably of the filat type. The flexible coupling makes it possible to vary the speed of the steering wheel uniformly and to reduce

  instantaneous variations due to manual control.

Two opposite elastic pressure rollers can co-operate with the pinion drive wheel, so as to press the strip or film against the wheel with an appropriate force. The film is thus controlled by a

  balanced system. In an exemplary embodiment recommended

  mended, a unidirectional coupling, which can be designed in the form of a flat spring pressing against a shoulder, is provided between the handle and the steering wheel,

  preferably between the handle and the flexible coupling.

  The proposed model therefore includes an economical drive device, since it would otherwise be necessary to provide an expensive supply with

all the special provisions required by the user

Safe use of electric current for a child.

The rest of the description refers to the drawings.

attached which represent:

- Figure 1, an overall lateral view of a projecting

sound reproducing apparatus according to the invention

  tion, - Figure 2, -a view of the face opposite to that illustrated in Figure 1, the apparatus being illustrated in the form of two sets partially separated from each other, - Figure 3, a view in horizontal section along line III-III of Figure 1, - Figures 4 and 5, cross-sectional views along lines IV-VI and VV of Figure 1, - Figures 6, 7, 8 and 9, a detailed view along

  line VI-VI of Figure 4, a cross-sectional view

dirty along line VII-VII of Figure 5, a view of the arrowed detail VIII in Figure 5, and a view along line IX-XI of Figure 8, - Figures 10 and 11, a side view and a view along line XI-XI of FIG. 10 of a store which can be connected to the apparatus of the preceding figures, FIG. 12, a view similar to that of the figurell, but without half-cover, - FIGS. 13, 14, 15 and 16, a view in longitudinal section along the line XIII-XIII, a partial view along the line XIV-XIV, and sectional views along the lines XV-XV and XVI-XVI of FIG. 12, - Figure 17, a view side view of an alternative embodiment of the device shown in the previous figures, - Figures 18, 19 and 20, partial views along lines XVIII-XVIII and XIX-XIX of Figure 17, and line XX-XX of Figure 18, - Figures 21, 22, 23 and 24, a store for the apparatus of Figures 17 and 20, shown in section along line XXI-XXI of Figure 22, also in section along lines XXII -XXII andXXIII-XXIII of Figure 21, and along the line XXIV-XXIV of Figure 22, and - Figures 25 and 26, details of the film retaining device in the store. Reference will first be made to FIGS. 1 to 9. The base 1 comprises a vertical lateral part 1A which contains the batteries necessary for the operation of the electrical components, with the exception of the drive device

which is manually operated. The batteries are marked

  rence P; they are connected or can be connected

  for circuits which are in a box 3 and which are described below. Note that with

  such an arrangement the batteries P are external to the cof-

freight 3, and it is so difficult for the items

  contained in this box set to be reached by subs-

corrosive substances that can be released by the batteries

discharged or damaged. Box 3 can be closed

attached to the base in any suitable manner, for example-

  ple by means of a lock 5 (Figures 1 and 3).

On one side of the box 3 is mounted a grid 7 For the sound emission, and on the opposite side, a

  recessed part 9 is provided for maintaining the maga-

sin as it will be described. A lens 10, of conventional invoice, is mounted at one end of the recessed portion 9. A block 12 projects in an intermediate position in the recessed portion 9; it contains the lamp 14 and the optic 16 for lighting the film which moves between the two optical units 16 and 10 in the manner which will be described below. A sound reproduction head 18, of magnetic or optical type,

is also protruding in the part in

  line 9. The head 18 is carried by a slide 20 which slides vertically on the box 3, either in the direction of the double arrow fi of FIGS. 1 and 6. The slide 20 is pushed upwards by a spring 22 (see figures 4 and 5) fixed on an axis 24, the latter being mounted on the box 3 and integral with an external lever 26 and a lower cam shaft 28 acting (see in particular Figure 6) on the upper edge 20A of the slide 20. When the lever 26 is brought into a horizontal position, for which it is offset with respect to the recessed part 9 intended for holding the magazine, the camshaft 28 acts on the edge 20A so as to push the slide 20 towards the bottom, against the spring 22. When the lever 26 is moved in the direction of the arrow f2 to be lowered into the vertical position (26X), the arm 28 is brought into the position 28X (see FIG. 6), this which releases the slide 20 which is returned upwards by the spring 22, in a position for the it is pressed against the part of the film to be read by

  the read head 18A contained in the repro head

sound duction 18. This arrangement will be described more

  in detail in the following when the maga- will be described

  sin. The box 3 also contains the manual film drive device. For this purpose, on the face opposite to the recessed part 9, the box 3 includes an assembly for the manual control handle, the latter being integral with a hub 32 idly mounted on a hub 34. The hub 32 constitutes the unidirectional coupling drive member which can only transmit movement in one direction when driven by the handle-30 (in the other

  meaning, it has no effect and therefore does not influence the

  film drive. This unidirec coupling--

  tional (see also Figures 8 and 9) includes

  an arc-shaped flat spring 35 on the drive hub

  nement 32, the end of this flat spring coming to bear on a radial tooth 36A of an extension 36 of the hub 34 in the form of a cup; the hub 34 and its extension 36 are mounted idly on a shaft 38. One end of the shaft 38 is supported by the hub 34, and the hub or sleeve 32 engaged in the box, the other end being supported by a sleeve 40 engaged

  in the base of the recessed part 9. On its extremi-

  tee which comes out in the recessed part 9, the shaft 38 carries a coupling 42 for driving the members

  of the magazine mounted in this recessed part; the function

  operation of this device will be described in the following. The shaft 38 is driven by the assembly 34-36 of the unidirectional coupling, by means of a spiral spring 44 (see also FIG. 7), one end of which is in engagement with the skirt of the

  extension 36 and the other end of which is engaged

  ment by one or two radial screws 46, on the one hand with

the shaft 38, on the other hand with the hub 50 of a flywheel.

  As can be seen in the figures, the steering wheel consists of two discs 52 and 54 connected to each other and secured to a heavy rim 56 which may be made of lead or "mazak" with a moment of inertia high, the ring which constitutes this rim being of relatively large diameter and made of a relatively heavy material. We see

so that using the handle 30, one drives the delivery

  plement 42 via the one-way coupling

  rectionnel 32, 34, 36 and the spring 44 - which tightens and relaxes to a greater or lesser extent depending on the speed variations of the handle operated by hand - the role of the steering wheel 52, 54, 56 being to dampen the effects on the coupling 42 of irregularities

  movement printed through the handle.

This arrangement ensures a progressive variation of the film drive speed, and it is therefore possible to form the sound uniformly with a tone which can be modified by modifying the rotation speed.

handle average 30.

  Figures 10 to 16 show the store which

can be used with the device which has just been described.

  This store consists of an envelope 60 in two parts; its shape is that of a flat parallelepiped, with an inclined protruding part 61 intended to receive the film reel B in an inclined position, which allows the film which is of the endless type to be wound and unwound simultaneously; the unwinding is done according to Pl from the inside of the film B, and the winding

  takes place along P2 towards the outside of the coil.

The casing 60 comprises an axis 62 on which a idler wheel 64 rotates, this wheel comprising a

  cylindrical annular layer of rubber or elastomer

re and a side flange adjacent to this layer.

  The envelope of the magazine also has on one side a projection opening 66, with internal guide means for advancing the film in stages, the part of film considered being referenced in P3. The direction of unwinding of the film is indicated by the arrows, and it will be noted that downstream of the part P3 is formed a control loop at the level of which acts an elastic presser referenced at 68 and illustrated in the form of a spring with a contact roller; the latter acts on the film to form the loop, its movement becoming

  progressively harder as the loop tightens

shortens, given the permanent draw exerted by

the pinion drive wheel 70. The drive wheel

  gable 70 is in the form of a rotor

  mounted idly on a pin 72 projecting from the base of the enclosure

loppe 60. On the flat face 60A of the casing 60, the pinion wheel 70 has a coupling 70A for connection to the coupling member 42 of the handle 30, for driving the pinion wheel 70 of a mounted magazine in the recessed part 9 of the device. The pinion wheel 70 has an external toothed ring; the unwinding part Pi and the winding part P2 of the film come into contact with the opposite arc-shaped parts of this ring, the winding part P2 being that which forms the loop R above the part located between the opening 66 and the pinion wheel, on the same side as the elastic presser 68. The film is pressed against the pinion wheel 70 by two opposite pressure rollers 74 which are carried by two slides 76 pushed back by flat springs 78; the latter bear against the inner wall of the envelope so as to repel the rollers 74, therefore so

pressing the film against the pinion wheel 70. The

  lets 74 are advantageously provided with an elastic coating coming into contact with the film. FIG. 14 illustrates the guide means for the slides 76, these means being constituted by ribs 60C of the casing 60 which guide the movement of the pressure rollers 74 towards the pinion wheel 70 under the effect of the

springs 78.

Reference 80 has been given to a guide member.

age and contact.

  The flat wall 60A of the store, which can be seen in particular in FIG. 11 as well as in section in FIG. 13, comprises

an opening 82 which corresponds to the projection opening

side 66, an opening 84 which corresponds to the wheel 64 and whose role will be defined below, as well as a part 70A for connection of the pinion wheel 70 to the coupling 42. The opening 82 corresponds to the projection head 12, and the opening 84 corresponds to the sound reproduction head 18, when the magazine

  is mounted in the recessed part 9 of the device.

In practice, each magazine is sealed and contains a non-replaceable reel B, this reel being held in a reel support 86 (see in particular Figure 13) which makes it possible to guide the movements of winding the film towards its outer periphery and unwinding

  of this film from its inner periphery. We have referenced

  this in 88 a film guide channel between the wheel to

pinion 70 and coil-B.

  To mount a magazine on the device, the lever 26 is brought into the position illustrated in solid lines in Figures 1 and 5; the store is then mounted so

  that the aperture 66 coincides with the objective 10, the aperture

  82 with head 12, and opening 84 with head 18, the latter being lowered by the cam arm

  28 acting on the edge 20A of the slide which carries it.

When the magazine is mounted in the recessed part 9, the lever 26 is brought into position 26X. Consequently,

  the inner edge of this lever acts on the inclined profile

  born 60E from store 60, and the lever therefore blocks the maga-

  sin. The movement of the lever towards the blocking position

  age of the store also clears the slide 20 of the arm

  28, so that this slide is recalled under the ef-

  fet of the spring 22, the head 18A being brought against the roller 64 of the magazine. As a result, the film at the level

of part Pl, i.e. before part P3 between the opening

  ture 66 and optics 10, passes between the read head 18A and the roller 64, which allows the playback of sounds

recorded on this film.

  The film is driven by operating the handle, and by means of the flywheel which dampens the movement of the coupling 42. The latter comes into engagement with the coupling part 70A of the pinion wheel 70, in order to drive the film. The drive is practically continuous due to the pulling exerted on the part Pl of the film by the pinion wheel 70. The latter also pulls the part P3 of the film along the path of the loop R, then pushes this film back into the guide 88 to winding. The loop R, permanently pulled by the movement of the pinion wheel, shortens and pulls the elastic presser 68 until the part 68A approaches a fixed retaining tooth 60Y provided in the magazine at the level of the 'opening

  66; the film is thus lifted from the tooth, fast forward-

ment under the effect of the return movement of the elastic presser 68, which lengthens the loop by a value corresponding to the pitch between two successive perforations of the film whose next perforation is engaged by

  tooth 60Y. This arrangement is of known type.

  The pressure of the rollers 74 against the pinion wheel

, therefore against parts Pl and P2 of the film, is relati-

high enough to ensure correct operation of the read head intended for sound reproduction on the P1 part, despite the jerky movement and the resulting vibrations imposed by the mechanism

in advance of the film.

  The movement of the film is therefore done without electric motors which are heavy and expensive and require

  to be powered by sector since batteries do not

not come to their diet. The batteries are all-

  sufficient for the operation of the optical projection, reading and sound generation system. Manual training of the film allows the child to modify the speed of unwinding of this film, therefore

  to modify the tone of the sounds. Such a system of

manual dragging requires some experience and

makes the toy more attractive.

Note that the signal read head

  sound is placed upstream of the part of the entrained film

born in stages, ie upstream of the pinion wheel 70.

This ensures a uniform reading, the reading head not being influenced by vibrations or shocks

  imposed on the film downstream of the projection part.

  Another interesting feature is the -

  relative movement between the read head and the roller - -

drive the film into the playback area. In the example shown, the read head is movable relative to the roller 64, but the reverse arrangement

could be adopted.

Another interesting feature is that the magazine is mounted laterally in a recessed part such as that referenced in 9, so that the projection parts of the device can be

  inserted in the magazine, which improves the functioning

  kinematic couplings between the store

  and the device. Lever 26 blocks the maga-

sin and bring the head of

reading and film.

  FIGS. 17 to 20 show an exemplary embodiment in which the gear wheel for continuously driving the film and the pressure rollers cooperating with

this wheel are carried by the device, the latter comprises

  both control elements combined with the displacement elements of the reproduction head

  sound, in order to bring these organs into the operating position-

  when the magazine is placed in the accommodation

provided for this purpose in the device.

  The box 101 of the device shown in figures

  17 to 20 comprises a lateral housing 103 for the store.

Two axes 107 protrude from the base

  of this housing (see Figures 17 to 19), their ends

  tees being rounded or tapered for reasons which will be explained below. The base wall 105 has internally, ie opposite the housing 103, a slide guide 109 (see FIG. 20) for a slide carrying a magnetic head 112, the latter emerging from an opening 114 formed in the wall

  105 of the housing 103. The slide 110 moves

  1 1 ce in the direction of arrow f110, in one direction under the effect of a spring 116 which brings the head 112 in pressure against the film maintained on a shoulder of the magazine, in the other direction under the control of a cam arm 118 secured to a lever 120 articulated on the box 101. When the lever 120 is in position

  horizontal, as shown in figure 17, it is parallel

the larger dimension of the housing 103 and outside this housing. In this position, the lever pushes the slide 110 by means of the camshaft 118 and lifts it relative to the position shown in FIG. 20, which separates this slide from the support provided in the magazine for the film part in front be read by the read head 112. When the lever 120 is turned in the direction of the arrow 120, from the position illustrated in FIG. 17, the camshaft 118 has no effect on the slide which is recalled by the spring 116 and brings the head 112 against the film and the film holder provided in the magazine, so that the track

  magnetic can be read by the head.

  Next to the slide 110, on the wall 105, is provided an assembly composed of the pinion wheel 124 for driving the film (to unwind it and allow its winding) and two pressers 126 for pressing the film against diametrically portions opposite of the pinion wheel. The pinion wheel 124 has a

124A central dome end facilitates advancement

cementing of the edges of the film towards the toothed periphery of this wheel. The pinion wheel is carried by a shaft 128 supported, on the one hand, by the wall of the housing 103, on the other hand, freely, by means 130 of a handle 132 for manual control of the pinion wheel. A cylindrical flywheel 134 for damping the rotational movement of the pinion wheel 124 is integral with this wheel, therefore with the shaft 128. Between the drive assembly, 132 and the assembly: 'driven 124, 134 is provided a flexible coupling, in the form of a spiral spring 136, one end of which is in engagement with the hub and the other end of which is in engagement with the flywheel 134. The role of the spring 136 is to dampen the relative angular movements between the drive assembly (whose control may be somewhat irregular) and the driven assembly whose movement is damped by the inertia of the flywheel 134 and controlled by

through the spring.

  The two pressers 126 are respectively carried by two triangular levers 140 articulated on the same axis 142 and having cutouts facing each other for the housing of the support bearing provided on the wall 105 for the mobile assembly constituted by the members 124, 128, 134 The two triangular levers 140 are returned to each other by a spring 144 whose force is sufficient for the pressers 126 to be pressed against the pinion wheel 124. The ends facing the two triangular levers which are opposite at the joint 142 have a shape adapted to that of the rounded end 146 of a lever 148; the latter is used to spread the levers 140 against the force of the spring 144, so as to release the pressers 126 from the pinion wheel 124 when the lever 148 is pushed back towards the levers

  triangular. The lever 148 is controlled, by means of

  middle of a probe 148A, by an inclined plate carried by the slide 110. The arrangement of the lever 140 and the inclined plate 150 is such that the inclined plate controls the spacing of the triangular levers, therefore the release of the pressers 126 of the pinion wheel, by means of lever 148, when the slide 110 is pushed back by the lever arm 118, therefore by the control lever 120, against the force of the spring 116. When the slide 110 is recalled by the spring 116, the thrust of the lever 148 ceases and the two pressers are brought towards each other in contact with the pinion wheel 124, the lever 148 being stopped by the levers 140, the head 112 and

the pressers 126 then being in the operating position.

It can therefore be seen that the pinion wheel 124 is mounted on the device and directly controlled by the movement

  imposed on the handle, the magnetic head 112 and the

  sors 126 (also on the apparatus) being moved away from their respective operating positions by the arm 118, therefore by the lever 120, when the latter is brought into the position illustrated in FIG. 17. The head 112 and the pressers 126 are elastically pushed back by the springs 116 and 144, respectively, as soon as the lever 120 is moved in the direction of the arrow f120, towards the position illustrated in broken lines

figure 18.

  FIGS. 21 to 24 show a very simplified version of a store adapted to the illustrated appliance

Figures 17 to 20.

  The magazine consists of an envelope 160 with an inclined part 162 forming the housing of a rotary support 164 for the spool. Reference is made in 166 to a cover which fits on the envelope 160 to close the magazine, and which defines the face of this magazine coming into contact with the base wall 105 of the housing 103 of the device; the magazine is inserted laterally in

his accommodation.

  The cover 160 has an opening 168 whose position corresponds to that of a contact pinion wheel 170 so that the film can be read by the magnetic or sound reproduction head 112, this head being introduced through the opening 168 in the shop,

  when the latter is mounted in its housing 103.

1 4 A second opening 172 made in the cover 166 allows the optical reflector 174 to enter the magazine to project the image through the optics 176 of the device. A third opening 178 made in the cover 166 allows the pinion wheel 124 and the pressers 126 to enter the magazine when the wheel is in the withdrawn position. Two other small openings 180 are provided in the cover 166 for the passage of the axes 107 in the magazine mounted in its

housing 103.

In addition to the pinion wheel 170 intended for reading the sound signals, the magazine envelope 160 also includes guides for the film, such as the guide 182 for directing the film towards the periphery of the reel 164, the pairs of axes. guide 183 and 184 mounted around the opening 178, the guide plate 186, an axis with an enlarged head 188 mounted in a projection of the base of the envelope, and two pairs of projections of

retainer whose shape corresponds to the openings 180.

Each pair of retaining projections is made of a wall 190 provided with a central slot 190A, and of a rod 192 provided with a stud 192A intended to be inserted in the slot 190A and with an inclined face 192B intended to co-operate with the corresponding axis 107 of the base 105 of the housing 103. The magazine also includes a guide member 194 for the part of the film driven

  in jerky motion between the optic reflection system

  as 174 and the optical projection system 176, as well as an elastic arm 196 of the type known for advancing the film in stages, this elastic arm co-operating with a retaining tooth 198 during the continuous movement imposed by the wheel to pinion 124 which pulls the film towards the system

projection.

  The film is placed in the magazine before the latter is closed in the cover 166; it is an endless film unwinding from the inside of the reel carried by the support 164 and winding up inside this support. The loop formed in the magazine passes over the pinion wheel 168, between the guide plate 186 and one of the axes 184, is inserted between the pieces, 192 adjacent to the other axis 184, is directed towards the guide system 194, passes over the end 196A of the elastic arm 196, is then inserted between the parts 190, 192 adjacent to one of the axes 184 for

  be directed by the guide 182 towards the outer periphery

  re from the coil. When the store is removed from the appliance

  reil, two parts of film in contact with the axes

  183 and 184 are placed in opening 178.

  The film remains engaged between the slots and nipples, 190A and 192A; these nipples, without interposed film, penetrate into the slots, so that the loop formed cannot

not slide at the level of the guidance system 194.

The same arrangement can be provided between the opening

ture 178 and the coil formed on the support 164.

  When the magazine is placed in the housing 103, by lateral displacement, the two parts of film placed in the opening 178 come into contact with the dome-shaped part of the pinion wheel 124 and are wedged in the latter and the pressers 126 kept apart from the pinion wheel. The part

  of film adjacent to the pinion wheel 170 and which is

  ve at opening 168 is located in front

the sound reproduction head 112 which is also

  ment in the rest position when the lever 120 is in the position illustrated in FIG. 17 with the arm 118 acting on the slide 110. When the magazine is placed in the housing 103, the pins 107 penetrate into the openings 180, they come into contact with the inclined faces 192B of the rods 192, or are found between the latter and the walls 190, so that the rods and walls are spaced from one another. In this way the pins 192A are separated from the slots 190A, the previously stuck parts of film being released. When the magazine is mounted in the housing 103, the device is ready for projection. At this time, the lever 120 is moved in the direction of the arrow f120, the inner edge of the lever forcibly engaging the inclined part 160A of the envelope 160, which blocks the magazine in its housing. Simultaneously, the same movement of the lever 120 releases the slide 110 from the camshaft 118, the slide is returned by the spring 116 so that the head 112 is brought into contact with the part of film carrying the sound signals to be read and which is on the pinion wheel 170. The movement of the slide releases the probe 148A from the inclined plate 150, the part 146 of the lever 148 being released from the ends of the triangular levers 140 with which it is in contact. The spring 144 recalls the levers 140 towards each other by rotation around the articulation 142, and the pressers 126 are

  thus brought into contact with the pinion wheel 124.

Under these conditions, when the handle 132 is driven

  in rotation, the device operates optically

  only (after powering the light source) and from the sound point of view. The audio signals are read from the film portion which is between the spool and the pinion wheel 124. Consequently, the audio signals

  are played in a place where the film is unrolled in conti-

  bare. The part of film which moves in a jerky movement is that which forms a loop from the wheel

with pinion 124, passing between the first pair of elements

  elements 190-192, in the projection guidance system 194, around the end 196A of the arm 196, and between the second pair of elements 190192 to return to the

  pinion wheel 124. From the latter, the film is repelled

  dried in the guide 182 in a continuous movement, so

to be rewound at the outer periphery of the coil

ne, in the direction of arrow fB in FIG. 21.

  To remove the magazine, the lever 120 is turned in the opposite direction to that of the arrow 120 to bring it back to the position illustrated in FIG. 17. The arm 118 then acts on the slide 110 to release the head

  of the pinion wheel 170 and push the end

  146 of the lever 148 against the ends of the triangular levers 140, so as to release the pressers 126 from the pinion wheel 124. The magazine can then be removed, the pins 192A wedging the film placed between the elements 190 and 192 and penetrating into a perforation of this film as soon as it moves somewhat from the position in which it was left by the drive system of the device. This arrangement prevents the child from being able to extract the film while trying to grasp it through the opening 178. For the film to be even better maintained, the same

  arrangement on the other side of the opening 178.

It is understood that the description above

of was made by way of nonlimiting example, and that the illustrated example can be modified as for the shape and the arrangement of its elements without, for that, going out

of the scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. A sound reproduction apparatus, in the form of a toy, which can advantageously be used for a cinematographic projection, characterized in that the drive system for the recording tape or the film is manually controlled, and comprises a flywheel (52, 54, 56 or 134) controlled by a handle (30 or 132) and which itself controls the pinion wheel (70 or 124) for driving the strip or film which   can be found in the store (60 or 160). 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, character-   laughed at in that the flywheel is driven by the handle by means of a flexible coupling allowing relatively large angular deviations, this flexible coupling advantageously consisting   a spiral spring (44 or 136), preferably flat.   3. Apparatus according to claims 1 or 2,   characterized in that it comprises two pressure rollers-   elastic, opposite to each other (74 or 126), co-operated   rant with the pinion wheel (70 or 124) to press the strip or film against this pinion wheel with an appropriate force. 4. Apparatus according to one of claims   previous, characterized in that it includes a coupling   unidirectional plate (32, 34, 36) provided with a flat spring (35) bearing on a shoulder (36A), between the handle and the steering wheel, preferably between the handle and flexible coupling.