FR2462379A1 - Slewing climbing tower crane - has bottom tower section forming horizontal base for crane erection - Google Patents

Abstract

The tower crane comprises a base frame, top and bottom tower sections, a hydraulic climbing mechanism, and main and tailweight jibs slewing together on a ball-bearing at the top of the tower, together with hoist and slewing mechanisms. The bottom tower section is erected from the horizontal position for travelling by road into a vertical working one, in which it is supported by the jacks and radial struts of a supporting frame. The bottom tower section (1) or an integral part of it forms an erection base (15) lying horizontally on the ground for the erection of the crane by means of hoists (22) incorporated in the latter.

Description

The present invention relates to a tower crane rotating at the top and comprising an interior tower, an overall frame, an upper tower, a hydraulic lifting system, a main boom, a counter-boom, a swivel ring ball with the arrows and the tower, a lifting mechanism and a rotation mechanism, at least the lower tower can be erected, from a horizontal transport position in which it is transportable on the road, in a vertical working position where this tower lower is supported by a support frame comprising stanchions and radial struts.

 Tower cranes of this type are known, in particular for the construction of tall buildings, which are transported in the disassembled state to and from the site. They have at least one lower member which can be mounted, depending on the type of use, in the permanently fixed or movable state and which, during transport on the road, is transported on its own vehicle, separate from the tower remaining. In these cranes, the different sections of the tower and / or parts of the jibs are generally also transported separately. At least an auxiliary lifting device, for example an automobile crane, is required for the erection of the crane, therefore transporting and assembling or disassembling a tower crane of this type is expensive both to the point of view of working hours as cost. In addition, assembly and disassembly prove difficult when space on the site is limited, as this is always the case for sites between existing buildings.

 There are also known tower cranes rotating at the top which can be erected without the help of another lifting machine.

These cranes are all provided, as a lower member, with a basic vehicle which is used for road transport and on which the remaining crane can be erected. However, since determined measures, in particular the transport height, cannot be exceeded during road transport and since the base vehicle also leads to a heavy construction type, cranes cannot be manufactured in this form only up to a specific size. Consequently, their productive capacity is also necessarily limited. For known cranes of this type, it amounts to approximately 30-40 metric tons.

The object of the invention is to provide a tower crane of the aforementioned type which, despite the appropriate size, has large capacities, can be transported economically without being dismantled as to its basic design and can be erected without devices. auxiliaries, even in confined space conditions.

 This object is achieved, in the sense that the lower tower or an integral component thereof is produced as a mounting base capable of resting on the ground in a substantially horizontal position and intended for training the crane å using the operating and lifting tools specific to this crane.

 The tower crane according to the invention does not require any lower member which increases the height of the transport or which must be transported separately. The space saved or the weight saved is available for the design of construction parts specific to the crane. Transport and assembly are possible economically. Assembly is also possible under constricted conditions, so that the tower crane according to the invention can also be used advantageously on construction sites between existing buildings and is therefore also usable, for example, for the sanitation of old cities and the like.

 In reality, a crane is known (French patent No. 22.002) which is erected using an assembly base. I1 is however here a crane without a winch, which does not correspond to that according to the invention. Above all, the mounting base is not made up of an integral component of the tou-r, but of an own construction part which must be taken along during transport and which therefore increases the height of transport. In addition, the base is applied to the ground laterally to the tower.

 In an exemplary embodiment of the crane according to the invention, the mounting base consists of a foldable side wall of the tower. Construction expenditure is limited in this way to simple hinge and unlocking devices. The transport can be carried out simply, in the sense that sets of wheels are added to the lower tower located in a horizontal position. The total admissible height of the transport assembly is therefore available for the crane parts.

 Dressing can be done economically and efficiently in a simple manner, since the hydraulic lifting system is designed, as a lifting device for dressing, so as to rest on the mounting base. The construction expenditure is also limited in this case to a pivoting installation of the hydraulic cylinder, as well as to locking possibilities of your choice on the mounting base or in the subsequent working position.

As these locking possibilities can be realized in a simple form, for example, in the manner of bolt connections, and must also be loosened or closed quickly, safe and rapid assembly or disassembly is made possible with simple means .

Advantageously, the overall frame of the lower tower can be connected by articulation thereto in a direction opposite to the mounting base, so as to be liftable as mounting weight and to rest on the ground, and the lower tower can be mounted on this frame. It is therefore possible to compensate beforehand for the unevenness of the ground or the like, that is to say to bring the overall frame into a precise horizontal position. Simultaneously, the pivot axis for the dressing of the lower tower is therefore exactly horizontal and the lower tower, having pivoted on its overall frame, immediately occupies the precise vertical position.

 The lower tower may contain, in the telescopic state, in the transport position and during dressing, at least partially the arrows and / or the lower tower and the swivel ring crown. For transport, these crane parts are therefore arranged in a space-saving manner and do not require any clean vehicle. After dressing the lower tower, simply move them to their respective service positions.

Likewise, the side wall serving as a mounting base can simply pivot upwards to close the erected lower tower by means of an operating and lifting tool specific to the crane, namely by means of a hook. load carrier. All the advantages described above in connection with the training of the crane are also effective in the same way, in an opposite direction, for the quick and simple disassembly of the crane. This also applies to the following embodiments relating to another example of embodiment of the crane according to the invention.

In this exemplary embodiment, the mounting base consists of the lower tower in which the upper tower is mounted in the telescopic state in the transport position and can be folded down on the side wall, upper and open thereof for dressage. In this case, the upper tower can already be securely connected to the swivel ball ring and the parts of the boom can be hinged so that they move into their operating position when pivoted upwards from the upper tower.

 Wheel sets can be added to both ends of the approximately horizontal lower tower during road transport.

 To distance the wheel sets, the lower tower can be supported on the ground approximately in the middle by means of a prop and in the area close to the overall frame, using the hydraulic lifting system.

The overall frame of the lower tower is foldable in the horizontal position before the tower is erected and can rest on the ground, so that the hydraulic lifting system is superfluous as a prop and can be used for pivoting towards the top of the upper tower.

In a preferred embodiment, the lower tower can be divided into two longitudinal cross sections in the longitudinal direction; the remote section of the assembly frame can be erected with the upper tower and the section near the assembly frame can be the mounting base. This is advantageous, in that the own service support of the crane is already possible when the part of the lower tower has pivoted upwards, but before the mounting base has pivoted upwards.

 In all the exemplary embodiments mentioned above, the props can advantageously be connected by articulation and in a lifting manner to the lower tower. No clean transport is therefore necessary. The props are arranged in a space-saving manner and the duration of the fixing work for dressing is eliminated.

 Advantageously, the props are connected by articulation to the lower tower by means of universal joints and therefore simply move from the transport position to the support position and vice versa.

In the embodiment of the lower tower divisible into two longitudinal sections, the props are advantageously connected by articulation to the section (away from the overall frame) of the lower tower, which has pivoted upward jointly with the upper tower , while the other section of the lower tower serves as a mounting base. The props can then be brought into the support position before the rest of the lower tower pivots upward.

Advantageously, the radial struts used to form the support frame are arranged in a lifting manner with the props and are therefore transportable like these in a simple and space-saving manner.

 For a crane to be installed in a mobile way, it is advantageous to fix a mobile carriage on each of the props of the tower.

Each mobile carriage can advantageously include a vertical spindle for its displacement in height, in order to compensate for the difference in height during the external and internal pivoting of the props.

To respect the aim of making the tower crane ready for service with its own means, an upper tower must be provided if necessary in the embodiment described first and other sections of tower for raising in all cases, the tower crane according to the invention is equipped with a rolling winch which is movable, as is known, on the upper member of the boom and which is provided, on both sides Another of this arrow, of a load pulley body, the pulley bodies being able to be connected to each other by a removable hook cross member. The unbound load pulley bodies allow the introduction of the tower higher or a section of tower without other accessories, since the rolling winch moves at least up above the tower. In addition, the winch which can be moved in this way on the counter-jib can be used for dressing the lower part of the tower used as a mounting base, as well as for raising the ballast of the counter-jib.

Other features and advantages of the tower crane according to the invention emerge from the description of exemplary embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, in which
Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a tower crane according to the invention, occupying a transport position;
Figure 2 is a schematic front view, on an enlarged scale, of the crane occupying the transport position;
Figure 3 is a partially sectional view of a movable carriage;
Figure 4 is a side view partially in section of part of the movable carriage;
Figure 5 schematically shows a support foot partly in section;
Figures 6 to 9 are schematic views of the tower crane during different stages of training;
Figure 10 is a central vertical section, on an enlarged scale, of the area of the arrow;
Figures 11 to 14 schematically show other stages of installation of the tower crane;
Figure 15 is a schematic representation of a hoist wiring;
Figure 16 is a plan view of the boom and counter-boom in the placement area on the tower;
Figure 17 is another embodiment of a tower according to the invention, occupying a schematic transport position;
Figures 18 to 21 schematically reproduce different stages of installation of the crane of Figure 17; and
Figure 22 is a detail on an enlarged scale.

The tower crane shown schematically in Figure 1 in the transport position comprises a lower tower 1 horizontal in the transport position. On its lower end in the operating position and rear in the transport position, there is a set of wheels 2, while the other end rests on a tractor-trailer 3. In the lower tower 1, a main boom 4 and a counter-boom 5 have been mounted, in the telescopic state 1 'inside each other, as well as a hydraulic lifting system designated by 6 as a whole, a pivoting ball bearing crown 7, a winch 8, a rotation mechanism 9 and a driving cabin 10.

The arrangement of these parts is visible partially in FIG. 1, partially in FIG. 2. In addition, to the lower tower, approximately in its longitudinal middle, there have been hingedly connected> props 11 by means of '' universal joints 11a. A universal joint 11a is reproduced in FIG. 22. On the lower tower 1, the bearing part 11b has been fixed in which a spherical head 11c is engaged resting on the prop 11 not shown. Each prop 11 has, at its lower end, a movable carriage 12. In addition, a radial strut 73 (FIG. 7) is hingedly connected to each lift prop.

 The lower tower 1 comprises, at its rear end in the transport position and lower in the operating position, an overall frame 14 which is hingedly connected in a foldable manner. The side wall 15 (lower in the transport position) of the lower tower is also hingedly connected in a foldable manner at its end close to the overall frame. It has, in the middle and at its front end in the transport position, extendable supports 16.

 The training of the tower is described with the aid of the appended figures, the most important reference numbers, of interest for each stage, being the only ones mentioned for clarity.

The side wall 15 serves as a mounting base for training the crane. After the supports 16 have been extended, the wheel set 2 and the semi-trailer tractor 3 are separated, which can be done using a lifting device specific to the wheel set or by supporting the piston and cylinder unit 17 of the hydraulic lifting system 6. Next, the assembly frame 14 of the lower tower is raised relative to the side wall 15. The piston and cylinder unit 17 of the hydraulic lifting system is fixed to the mounting base 15 by one of its ends. Now, if the hydraulic ascent system is put into action, the lower tower 1 pivots, with the crane parts arranged in and on it, in the direction of the arrow A, ie in the vertical service position (Figure 6).

The immediately following working operation (FIG. 7) consists in pivoting the props 11 of the tower in the service position and in making them rest on their mobile carriages 12. The radial struts 13 and the bars known couplings not shown and connected to the props 71 by one end, are connected to the area of the lower tower 1 close to the overall frame by their other end and form, together with the props of the tower, the support frame for said tower. The hydraulic lifting system is separate from the mounting base 15.

FIG. 8 then shows how the main boom 4, comprising the rolling winch 8 and the pivoting ball bearing 7, projects vertically and telescopically beyond the lower tower 1, with respect to the counter-boom 5. This takes place with the aid of the hydraulic lifting system 6 which engages with the pivoting ball bearing 7. The lower tower 1 is provided, on its inner face, with a track not shown, intended for the pivoting ring ball. Then the main boom 4, the counter-boom 5, including the swivel ball crown 7 and the rotation mechanism 9, as well as the driver's cab 10, are rotated into the horizontal operating position by means of the hydraulic system of mounted 6. This is clearly visible in Figure 9. In addition, there is shown here how the side wall 15 of the lower tower 1 can be raised in the direction of arrow B against this lower tower, by means of the mechanism lifting 22, lifting wiring 21 and rolling winch 8 moving on the upper frame of the jib. The side wall 15 can be fixed to the remaining lower tower, for example, by bolting.

FIG. 10 shows, on an enlarged scale, the rotation mechanism 9, including the rolling winch 8 provided on either side with the guide pulleys 18 and moving on the upper chord 4a of the main boom 4. Furthermore , a rotation system 9a, a slip ring device 19 and a drive member 20 intended for the pivoting ring s balls and capable of being fixed after the telescopic mounting of the main boom, are visible in FIG. 10.

 The immediately following assembly stage consists of ballasting, ballast supports 23 being first folded down on the lower tower and then being tensioned by means of the cables 24 of this lower tower 1. Subsequently, ballast blocks 25 are arranged on the support 23 (FIG. 11) using the lifting wiring 21. FIG. 12 shows the screwing of the ballast blocks 25 for the counter-jib 5 by means of the rolling winch 8 moving on this counter-jib.

 The tower crane described so far, moved as a transport unit and erected by crane-specific service members, only includes a lower tower. Figure 13 shows how this lower tower can be raised using the separately available upper tower 26. For this purpose, a section 15a of the side wall 15 used as a mounting base is folded obliquely to the ground. The upper tower 26 is brought to the wall section 15a using the lifting wiring 21, is bolted to it and finally pivots in the vertical position by means of the lifting wiring in the direction of the arrow C. This is shown by a mixed line in figure 13.

At this point, you only need to connect the upper tower to the swivel ball crown.

In addition, FIG. 14 shows the way in which the tower crane ready for service is further raised by the introduction of another tower section 27. The tower section 27 is lifted using the distributable lifting wedge 21, shown schematically in Figure 15. The winch 8 moves to above the middle of the tower and therefore brings the section 27, open from one side, in the position represented by mixed lines in Figure 14 and in which it surrounds the upper part 26 of the tower. After the corresponding closure of the tower section 27 and after connection to the lower tower 1, the upper tower 26 can be raised further by means of the hydraulic lifting system 6. The tower crane can also be raised in the same way.

 The lifting wiring 21 comprises two separate lifting cables 28 and 29 which can be moved in common by means of the lifting system 22. The cables 28 and 29 start from the lifting system, pass over guide pulleys 30 and 31 located at the end of the counter-jib 5 and arrive therefrom at the guide pulleys 32 and 33 of the rolling winch 8.

Starting from the latter, the cables pass over the hook pulley bodies 34 and 35, each continuing their race on one of the two guide pulleys 18 (already mentioned) of the winch 8, to reach the fixed points 36 and 37 at the end of the main boom 4. The hook pulley bodies 34 and 35 can be connected, for the normal operation of the crane, by a hook cross member 38 which is provided with the load-carrying hook 39. The cross member can be removed for moving the winch on the tower; therefore, the lifting device is distributable. For the installation of the tower section, it is adapted on either side to the hook pulley bodies 34 and 35.

 The details of the mobile carriage 12 appear in FIGS. 3 and 4, which show, on an enlarged scale, a wheeled carriage of this type, as well as a side view of it partly in section. Each mobile carriage 12 is placed on two carrying wheels 41 which can be moved on a rail 40 and similarly actuated by means of a motor 42, by means of a pendulum pin 43. This is provided with the bearing 44 for a rotating spindle 45. A spindle casing 46 cooperates, by internal threads 47, with an external thread 48 of the spindle, so that the casing is movable in height when the spindle rotates. The spindle housing 46 is connected, by a connecting piece 49, to the prop 11 of the tower.

The end of the spindle 45, projecting upwards beyond the spindle housing 46, is provided with a tool holder 50. A stop eccentric 51 for fixing the housing is provided in the uppermost region spindle housing 46.

 The spindle 45 is provided, at its end close to the bearing, with a tenon section 52 which can be connected at will to a pyramidal support 53 when the crane is to be used in the stationary state. This device is shown in Figure 5.

FIG. 16 shows the main boom 4, the jib 5 and, by way of indication, the swivel ring crown 7, as well as the upper tower 26 and the driving cabin 10. The latter is reproduced in two positions. The position in mixed lines in the main boom is that occupied during transport and training of the tower. The working position is reproduced by solid lines. In it, the driver's cabin 10 has pivoted when the assembly of the crane is complete and the winch must no longer move on the tower.

In this position, the crane operator has a particularly good overview. The driving cabin 10 is mounted so as to rotate on the end of the counter-jib in the direction of the arrow. The inner side wall 10a replaces, in the working position, the missing strut of the trellis of the main boom.

 Figures 17 to 22 show in highly schematized state another embodiment of a tower crane in the transport position and in different dressing positions. The lower tower 1 'contains, in its horizontal transport position, the upper tower 26' and the hydraulic lifting system 6 '. In the upper tower 26 ′, the main boom 4 ′ was connected by articulation, in which the counter-boom 5 engages telescopically. In the transport position, the main boom 4 'is located horizontally above the lower tower 1'. The wheel sets 2 'for road transport are fixed, on the one hand, to the overall frame 14' of the lower tower and, on the other hand, to the upper tower 26 '.

The lower tower 1 'is divisible into two longitudinal sections 1'a and l'b, the section 1b connected to the overall frame 14' having a length which is approximately double that of section a. Separation is possible in the area of the diagonal struts 54. An extendable support 16 ′ is arranged, in this area, on section 1'b. In addition, the side wall (upper in the transport position) of section 11b can be removed, as well as possibly that of the entire lower tower.

 In the above-described tower crane, section 1'b (U-shaped cross section) of the lower tower constitutes the mounting base after the side wall has been removed.

 For dressing, the extendable support 16 'is supported on the ground in the first place, as shown in FIG. 18. As another support, the piston and cylinder unit 17' of the hydraulic lifting system is used, which is extracted and brought to the vertical position. The sets of wheels 2 ′ can then be moved apart according to a tilting process. This position is visible in Figure 17. The next working operation consists, by means of the load hook 39, to knock down the assembly frame 14 ', from section 1' b of the lower tower to which it is connected by articulation, and to apply it on the ground. Then, the counter-arrow 5 'is moved telescopically in the direction of arrow D from the main arrow 4'. Figure 19 shows this position. Figure 20 shows the upward pivoting of the upper tower 26 'using the hydraulic lifting system 6', the section 1'b of the lower tower forming the mounting base with which engages the piston and cylinder unit 17 'of the hydraulic ascent system. Section a of the lower tower pivots upwards with the upper tower 26 ', as do the arrows 4' and 5 '. In this case, the section a of the lower tower also drives upwards the tower props 11 'arranged on this section and provided with mobile carriages 12. This is the main reason for the subdivision of the lower tower.

 FIG. 21 shows the upper tower erected on the overall frame 14 'where the section a of the lower tower now rests on the props 11' provided with the movable charios 12.

Therefore, the section 1'b in U of the lower tower, used as a mounting base, can pivot upwards, as indicated by arrow E, by means of the hydraulic lifting system 6 '. After bolting to the upper section of the lower tower and closing the side wall, these two operations being indicated by broken lines, the crane is essentially assembled. By hoisting the opposite ballast, the arrows are rotated to their service position.

 The invention is not limited to the examples of embodiments described above. Different parts of the crane, in particular the support devices, the forms of construction of the towers, of the arrows and of the counter-arrows can vary widely while remaining within the scope of the invention. In the embodiment described first of all where one of the side walls of the lower wall forms the mounting base, the upper tower can also be arranged in the telescopic state in the lower tower, that is to say say, in the case of appropriate dimensions, in addition to the arrows, if necessary without them also.

In the second embodiment described above, the lower tower can also serve as a mounting base for the entire length after removal of the upper side wall in the transport position. it is however necessary to subsequently support the erected upper tower in an auxiliary manner until the bottom tower is pivoted upwards and the towers of the tower are raised or placed.

Claims (21)

1. Tower crane rotating at the top, comprising a lower tower, an overall frame, an upper tower, a hydraulic lifting system, a main boom, a jib, a swivel ring ball between the boom and the tower, a lifting mechanism and a rotation mechanism, at least the lower tower capable of being erected, from a horizontal transport position in which it is transportable on the road, in a vertical working position where the lower tower s1 rests on a support frame comprising props and radial struts, characterized in that the lower tower (1, 1 ') or an integral component of the lower tower is designed as a mounting base (15 or 1tub) applicable on the floor in a substantially horizontal position intended for training the crane using the crane-specific lifting and handling tools (6 or 22). 2. Crane according to claim 1, characterized in that the mounting base consists of a folding side wall (15) of the lower tower (1). 3. Crane according to claim 2, characterized in that the hydraulic lifting system (6) is designed, like a lifting tool for dressing, so as to rest on the mounting base (15).  4. Crane according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the assembly frame (14) of the lower tower (13 is hingedly connected to the latter in a direction opposite to the mounting base (15 ), so as to be raised like a mounting weight and to rest on the ground; and in that the lower tower can be put in place on this overall frame.  5. Crane according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the lower tower (1) contains in the telescopic state, in the transport position and during dressing, at least partially the arrows (4, 5) and / or the tower upper (26) and the pivoting ball ring (7).  6. Crane according to claim 5, characterized in that the main arrow) and the counter-arrow (5) are available seized, by means of the hydraulic lifting system (6), in a separate state from each other in the lower tower (1) erected and supported and so as to be able to come out telescopically from it with the pivoting ball bearing (7), as well as so as to pivot in their horizontal operating position.  7. Crane according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the side wall (screw) serving as a mounting base can pivot upward by means of a load hook (29) of the lifting mechanism (22 ) for closing the erect lower tower (1).  8. Crane according to claim 1, characterized in that the mounting base consists of the lower tower (1 '), in which the upper tower (26') is mounted in the telescopic state in the transport position and is liftable for dressing from an open or removed upper side wall.  9. Crane according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that sets of wheels (2, 2 ') can be arranged, for transport on road, at the two ends of the tower (1, 1w) .  10. Crane according to any one of claims 8 and 9, characterized in that, in order to distance the sets of wheels (2 '), the lower tower (they) can be supported approximately in the middle by a prop ( 16 ') and in the area close to the overall frame by means of the hydraulic lifting system (6').  11. Crane according to claim 10, characterized in that the overall frame (14 ') of the lower tower (1') is liftable in the horizontal position and can rest on the ground before the tower is erected. 12. Crane according to claim 11, characterized in that the jibs (4 ', 5') are arranged, with the lifting mechanism (22) at least partly in the transport position above the lower tower (1 ') and can pivot upward during training; and in that the overall frame (14 ') can pivot by means of the load-carrying hook (39).  13. Crane according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the lower tower (i ') can be divided into two longitudinal sections (1'a, 1'b) transversely to its longitudinal direction; in that the section (1'a) remote from the assembly frame can be erected with the upper tower (26 ') and in that the section (1'b) close to the assembly frame is the mounting base. 14. Crane according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the props (11, 11 ') are connected by hinge in the foldable state to the lower tower (1 or i'). 15. Crane according to claim 14, characterized in that the props (11 or 11 ') are connected by articulation to the lower tower (1,12) by means of universal articulations (11a). 16. Crane according to any one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the props (11 ') are connected by articulation to the section (i1a), distant from the overall frame, from the lower tower (1') . 17. Crane according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the radial struts (13) are arranged in the foldable state with the props (11). 18. Crane according to any one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that a mobile carriage (12) is fixed on each of the props (11). 19. Crane according to claim 18, characterized in that each mobile carriage (12) comprises a vertical spindle (45) for its displacement in height. 20. Crane according to claim 19, characterized in that the vertical spindle (45) is mounted, at its end close to the wheels, by means of a horizontal pendulum pin (43). 21. Crane according to any one of claims 1 to 20, equipped with a rolling winch, characterized in that the rolling winch (8) can be moved in a manner known per se on the upper member of the jibs (4 and 5) and is provided, on either side of the boom, with a load pulley body (34 or 35), these two bodies being able to be connected to each other by a removable hook cross member (38).