FR1115365A - Process for activating ferroelectric materials and the products obtained by this process - Google Patents
Process for activating ferroelectric materials and the products obtained by this processInfo
- Publication number
- FR1115365A FR1115365A FR1115365DA FR1115365A FR 1115365 A FR1115365 A FR 1115365A FR 1115365D A FR1115365D A FR 1115365DA FR 1115365 A FR1115365 A FR 1115365A
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic
- current
- dielectric constant
- transition temperature
- activating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 abstract 9
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 abstract 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- GOLCXWYRSKYTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Arsenious Acid Chemical compound O1[As]2O[As]1O2 GOLCXWYRSKYTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- KWQLUUQBTAXYCB-UHFFFAOYSA-K antimony(3+);triiodide Chemical compound I[Sb](I)I KWQLUUQBTAXYCB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- YZYDPPZYDIRSJT-UHFFFAOYSA-K boron phosphate Chemical compound [B+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O YZYDPPZYDIRSJT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000149 boron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- NKZSPGSOXYXWQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxido(oxo)titanium;lead(2+) Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NKZSPGSOXYXWQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XMHIUKTWLZUKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexacosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XMHIUKTWLZUKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- JXGGISJJMPYXGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)iron Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Fe]=O JXGGISJJMPYXGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- CJJMLLCUQDSZIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxobismuth Chemical class [Bi]=O CJJMLLCUQDSZIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000005402 stannate group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N30/04—Treatments to modify a piezoelectric or electrostrictive property, e.g. polarisation characteristics, vibration characteristics or mode tuning
- H10N30/045—Treatments to modify a piezoelectric or electrostrictive property, e.g. polarisation characteristics, vibration characteristics or mode tuning by polarising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
- C04B35/462—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
- C04B35/462—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates
- C04B35/465—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates
- C04B35/468—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates based on barium titanates
- C04B35/4682—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates based on barium titanates based on BaTiO3 perovskite phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/495—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum or tungsten oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. vanadates, niobates, tantalates, molybdates or tungstates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G7/00—Capacitors in which the capacitance is varied by non-mechanical means; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G7/02—Electrets, i.e. having a permanently-polarised dielectric
- H01G7/025—Electrets, i.e. having a permanently-polarised dielectric having an inorganic dielectric
- H01G7/026—Electrets, i.e. having a permanently-polarised dielectric having an inorganic dielectric with ceramic dielectric
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N30/06—Forming electrodes or interconnections, e.g. leads or terminals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/42—Piezoelectric device making
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Abstract
776,568. Ferroelectric materials. AMERICAN LAVA CORPORATION. Dec. 9, 1954 [Dec. 11, 1953], No. 35714/54. Class 37. [Also in Group XL (b)] A method of activating a ferroelectric ceramic comprises (i) applying an activating current to the ceramic with the ceramic heated to not more than 10‹ C. above its transition temperature and (ii) continuing to supply the activating current whilst allowing the ceramic to cool. The term " activated " means treatment to produce increased dielectric constant. The term " transition temperature " means the temperature at which the first crystal transformation above room temperature is effected. The current is D.C. and is preferably that which produces a change of at least 15 per cent and more preferably the maximum change in dielectric constant. The current may be maintained. substantially constant while the ceramic cools to at least 65‹ C. below its transition temperature. The maximum change in dielectric constant for a particular ceramic is found by using sample pieces of the material and subjecting each piece to activation until that current is found which produces the largest. change in dielectric constant. Detailed embodiment.-A ceramic cylinder 10, shown in Fig. 1, has silver electrode coatings 11, 12 and leads 13,14. The ceramic material comprises 96 per cent barium titanate and 4 per cent lead titanate. A number of such cylinders are immersed in chlorinated diphenyl and slowly heated to 10‹ C. above the transition temperature (120‹ C). A D.C. is then applied to leads 13, 14 and increased gradually until it reaches 14 micro-amperes per square inch of electrode surface. After a short time the temperature is lowered slowly and the current maintained constant by increasing the applied voltage as the cylinders cool to about 65‹ C. below the transition temperature. After complete cooling the diphenyl is removed by dipping the cylinders in acetone. The activating current value of 14 micro-amperes is that which produces the greatest change in dielectric constant for the given ceramic. This value is found by treating groups of cylinders using different current values for each group and measuring the capacity values and compiling results. Fig. 1 has application as a condenser or piezo-electric device. Ceramic materials.-The invention may be performed using the following ferro-electric ceramics : titanates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals; tungstates, bismuth oxides, strontium cerate, boron phosphate, arsenic sesquioxide, lithium ferrite, lithium sulphate and antimony iodide; also titanate compositions comprising selectively as additives or minor proportions the stannates and zirconates of barium, lead and calcium and the titanates of calcium, strontium and lead.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US397801A US2724171A (en) | 1953-12-11 | 1953-12-11 | Activation of ferroelectrics |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR1115365A true FR1115365A (en) | 1956-04-23 |
Family
ID=23572672
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1115365D Expired FR1115365A (en) | 1953-12-11 | 1954-12-11 | Process for activating ferroelectric materials and the products obtained by this process |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2724171A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR1115365A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB776568A (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2898477A (en) * | 1955-10-31 | 1959-08-04 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Piezoelectric field effect semiconductor device |
| US3071841A (en) * | 1957-02-16 | 1963-01-08 | Philips Corp | Method of longitudinally pre-polarizing bodies consisting of at least one layer of piezoelectric material |
| US3182512A (en) * | 1961-04-27 | 1965-05-11 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Angular velocity measuring device |
| US3193912A (en) * | 1963-01-04 | 1965-07-13 | Lab De Rech S Physiques | Electro-static particle collecting device |
| US3404296A (en) * | 1963-07-16 | 1968-10-01 | Clevite Corp | Transducer having a transition from a ferroelectric state to an antiferroelectric state |
| US3569822A (en) * | 1969-04-11 | 1971-03-09 | Atomic Energy Commission | Antiferroelectric voltage regulation |
| US4464639A (en) * | 1982-09-17 | 1984-08-07 | Rockwell International Corporation | Ferroelectric surface acoustic wave devices |
| CN102684649A (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2012-09-19 | 西安交通大学 | Cylindrical ferroelectric pulse generator |
| CN111635230B (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2021-07-09 | 浙江大学 | High-quality-factor strontium cerate microwave dielectric ceramic material and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2486560A (en) * | 1946-09-20 | 1949-11-01 | Erie Resistor Corp | Transducer and method of making the same |
| US2538554A (en) * | 1947-08-22 | 1951-01-16 | Zenith Radio Corp | Process of producing piezoelectric transducers |
-
1953
- 1953-12-11 US US397801A patent/US2724171A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1954
- 1954-12-09 GB GB35714/54A patent/GB776568A/en not_active Expired
- 1954-12-11 FR FR1115365D patent/FR1115365A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB776568A (en) | 1957-06-12 |
| US2724171A (en) | 1955-11-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| FR1115365A (en) | Process for activating ferroelectric materials and the products obtained by this process | |
| US2507253A (en) | Stabilization of sensitivity of metallic titanate piezoelectric elements | |
| US2898243A (en) | Method of changing the resonant frequency of a quartz crystal | |
| GB653209A (en) | An improved ceramic body suitable for use as a dielectric material and the method of manufacture thereof | |
| GB706993A (en) | Method of improving the polarization of piezoelectric materials | |
| US2983988A (en) | Method of polarizing transducers | |
| GB1090037A (en) | Poling method of ferroelectric ceramic bodies | |
| GB688179A (en) | Method of polarizing a ceramic transducer | |
| CA714031A (en) | Method of treating hair | |
| GB917388A (en) | A method of treating glass to increase the tensile strength thereof and glass so treated | |
| SU143932A1 (en) | Method for making selenium straighteners | |
| IT1051961B (en) | PROCEDURE FOR ACCELERATED COOLING OF ANNEALED MATERIAL AFTER AN ANNEALING PROCESS WITHIN AN ANNEALING OVEN | |
| US3465069A (en) | Process for treating electrostrictive ceramic elements | |
| AU201869B2 (en) | Barium titanate high dielectric constant ceramic material and process of making thesame | |
| FR1073971A (en) | Method for producing oxide films on electrodes of electrolytic capacitors | |
| SU601316A1 (en) | Method of case hardening of steel articles | |
| AU798855A (en) | Barium titanate high dielectric constant ceramic material and process of making thesame | |
| CA450156A (en) | Method of heat treating dielectric material | |
| SU556813A1 (en) | The method of processing products and materials for surgical purposes | |
| AU151210B2 (en) | Improvements in or relating toa furnace forand method of treating material at high temperature | |
| CA459313A (en) | Process for treating diacetone sorbose and monoacetone sorbose | |
| GB812124A (en) | Improvements in and relating to processes for the electrical treatment of organisms | |
| AU147570B2 (en) | An improved process and apparatus forthe extrusion of fused organic filament forming compositions | |
| ES332637A2 (en) | The method of manufacturing an electret. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) | |
| CA460153A (en) | Heat treating process and apparatus |