FI98396C - Method for the manufacture of concrete sleepers for track switches, and the mold and mold arrangement to be used in applying the method - Google Patents

Abstract

In the manufacture of switch-point sleeper blocks of varying lengths and having a varying number of rail attachment devices provided in varying positions therealong, there is used a number of matrices (1) which are placed in a long form bed. The matrices (1) include holes in the region of promontories (10a) and the matrix dishes (3) are inserted in the holes and fastened to the matrices (1). When concrete is poured into the form bed and allowed to harden, concrete sleeper blocks which exhibit promontories (10a) of the said kind are obtained. The invention relates to a matrix provided with a matrix dish (3) and to a matrix array which includes a number of such matrices of varying lengths and with different positions for the matrix dishes (3).

Description

• 98396

Method for the manufacture of concrete sleepers for track gauges and the formwork and arrangement of the formwork to be used in the application of the method - Sätt att tillverka för en spärväxel av-sedda betongsliperblock samt matrix och matrixuppsättning 5 för användning vid sättets tillämpning

The present invention relates to a method for producing concrete sleepers of varying lengths for use in track switches, wherein the respective sleepers have a variable number of rail fastening means arranged at different locations, said fastening means being mounted on raised, raised sleepers in concrete sleepers. the surfaces of said platforms are most preferably sloping, and in which numerous molds are placed on a long mold base, concrete is poured into the molds and allowed to set and harden.

20 The sloping surfaces of the platforms of concrete sleepers are intended to form the so-called tilted position of the rail. Tilted rail positions are now the normal standard for conventional concrete sleepers and are becoming more common in 25 sleepers.

The degree of inclination varies depending on the standards applied to the line system in question. In the United States, the slope of the sloping surface must be 1:40. The allowable tolerance range is 30 very narrow and allows the tilt to vary between 1:42 and 1:38.

It will be appreciated that in order to maintain this exact standard, high demands are placed on the molds used in the manufacture of sleepers fitted with the above-mentioned platforms on which the rails rest and which form an integral part of the log.

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However, the present invention also relates to the manufacture of sleepers provided with platforms which are not inclined, i. where the raised surface is used, for example, to adjust the height of the rail.

5

Accordingly, the invention also relates to a mold and a mold arrangement for the production of railway sleepers for the above-mentioned track switches.

SE-B-7 812 505-1 (Publication No. 415 868) (A-Betong) describes a method for producing sleepers of varying lengths for track switches with a variable number of points for rail fastening means. This known method comprises the use of a plurality of thin molds 15, the lengths of which correspond to different sleepers, and which have detachably mounted fastening means arranged end-to-end on a long mold base with the fastening means pointing upwards. Several reinforcing wires or similar means are tensioned in the mold and my be-20 is poured onto the substrate and allowed to bind and cure. The hardened, uniform piece of concrete is then removed from the mold and the molds are removed on top of the concrete pieces and the fastening means cast in them, after which the concrete piece is cut to corresponding lengths corresponding to the desired lengths of the sleepers.

The concrete piece can be removed from the mold by lifting the concrete piece off the mold and turning the piece before removing the molds.

The mold used in this known method consists of a plurality of discrete flat plates, the widths of which usually correspond to the upper surface of the sleeper and whose lengths vary to correspond to the desired lengths of the individual sleepers. The formwork plates are provided with holes at predetermined varying points for the detachable mounting of the fastening means to be cast on the track sleepers.

Il 98396 3 This known method and this known mold arrangement, which cannot be applied to the manufacture of sleepers for gears with inclined rail positions, form the starting point of the techniques on which the present invention is based. The problems thoroughly presented in the above-mentioned publication are therefore also relevant to the present invention.

In addition to the problems presented in the previously published specification, the gear sleepers to which the present invention relates must be provided with fixed platforms that allow the rails to be mounted in a tilted and planar position, and in the former case very high accuracy requirements are initially imposed on these platforms.

EP-A1-0 268 028 (Wayss & Freytag) describes an arrangement for attaching tubular components to sleepers for track switches. This arrangement-20 includes a nipple that anchors fixedly to the fastening portion of the pin rail at the bottom of the mold. This publication is not related to the manufacture of concrete sleepers that provide tilted rail positions in track switches.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method which allows the automated manufacture of concrete sleepers for gears for inclined positioning of rails such as those mentioned above in long mold bases and which can meet the high accuracy requirements given to the final product.

Another object of the invention is to develop a method by which sleepers can be manufactured to the above-mentioned degree of accuracy while keeping the mold costs relatively low.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a method which allows the manufacture of sleepers to be adapted to the degree of flexibility caused by them due to the variation in the lengths of the end products and the positions of the platforms supporting the rails in the individual sleepers.

It is an object of the invention to provide a mold for the manufacture of concrete sleepers with fixed platforms for switches, which, despite its relatively low cost, can be used for a long time in the automated mass production of such concrete sleepers.

This and other objects are realized by a method as mentioned above, which is characterized by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.

The mold trays or troughs may be of a softer material than the molds themselves, so that the rounded recesses or cavities can be formed by means of a compression tool, the sides defining these recesses being most preferably inclined relative to the main part of the mold. The angle at which the walls of the cavities 20 are inclined should correspond, with small tolerances, to the position of the inclined rails of the track system in question.

The mold chutes must be positioned precisely in relation to the molds and fixed in said position before said elements are attached to them. To do this, the mold chutes must be equipped with flanges which are attached to the mold when the molds are placed on the mold base.

The flanges are preferably provided with guide holes * which are arranged on the corresponding guide pins of the molds.

The mold chutes can then be fastened temporarily before they are permanently attached, for example by welding.

When the molds are made of a soft material, the molds are preferably reinforced on the outside with a reinforcing or stiffening plate 98396 5 la. This reinforcing or stiffening plate can also be welded to the corresponding mold gutters.

It follows from the above that several different molds are used in the manufacture of track-5 sleepers for concrete gears. This means that the shape of the mold chutes and their locations in the molds vary. The openings made in the molds define the positions of the respective mold gutters, and in particular in the manufacture of high-speed sleepers for the gear in question, it is possible that the openings abut or even merge with each other. In this case, the mold gutters are made shorter and are also adapted for this purpose in other respects.

15 Matrix gutters are preferably provided with openings in which the fastening devices to be embedded in the sleepers can be removably mounted.

The fastening means used for this purpose can be of different shapes and consist of, for example, bolts, dowels, pandrolin fastening means, etc., depending on the track system for which the sleepers are intended. In order to obtain the best performance of the platforms formed by the mold gutters, the longitudinal dimension of the openings 25 determines an angle between 0-10 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the molds, which means that the rail fastening means are best placed centrally along the mold gutters.

30 In certain cases, mold chutes may be made of a material other than steel, for example extruded plastic.

In many cases, it is advantageous to provide the sleepers with fiber channels, which has been taken into account in the design of the molds and mold gutters before placing said molds and said gutters on the mold order.

6 98396

The angle at which the mold gutters are tilted and the depths into which said gutters are recessed can be varied to suit different types of track systems. For example, in the case of more robust rails, the lengths of the mold gutters may be longer than would otherwise be the case.

As mentioned above, the mold chutes are preferably mounted above the respective molds with the molds positioned on the mold base. In some cases, however, the mold chutes 10 may be attached below the molds.

Other fastening methods are conceivable, such as gluing.

15

The invention also relates to a mold used in the method described above for the production of concrete sleepers, said mold being known mainly for the properties set out in claim 7.

20

According to another aspect, the invention also relates to a mold arrangement for the manufacture of gear sleepers, the main properties of the mold being set out in claim 11.

25

The invention will now be described with reference to the structural forms which illustrate it and also to the accompanying drawings.

Brief description of the drawings.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a mold gutter element used in conjunction with a mold in the manufacture of concrete sleepers for track gauges.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the mold gutter element along the line II-II in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a torn mold for making sleepers such as the one mentioned above, said mold being intended to receive a plurality of mold gutters illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.

Figure 4 is a perspective view of a portion of a long formwork tray 5 for making concrete sleepers and illustrates a mold and formwork chute attached thereto and placed on the bottom of a formwork base.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a concrete sleeper of a track switch made by means of the mold illustrated in Fig. 4.

Figure 6 is an end view of the concrete sleeper of Figure 5.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view illustrating the appearance and use of two adjacent mold chutes attached to a mold.

The principal method of the process for the manufacture of concrete sleepers for switches and crossings with a varying number of rail fasteners at different points along the sleeper is described in the above-mentioned Swedish published patent application SE-B-7 812 505-1 (A-Betong) and U.S. Pat. A-4,290,991 and US-A-4,495,127 and also in later US-A-4,522,367, all to Thim.

For a more detailed description of the general manufacturing method, the construction of the mold base, and the general structure of the molds 25, reference is made to the above-mentioned publications. It is only mentioned here that the described mold base for use with the present invention has in practice a length exceeding the values listed in these publications, and may be, for example, 150 m or 30 longer, and that the number of molds included in such a mold arrangement may also exceed the amounts listed in the publications, and may comprise, for example, a number of molds between 200 and 250, depending on the track system in question and the type of switches 35 for which the concrete sleepers are intended.

In addition to those mentioned in these publications for the manufacture of concrete sleepers, rail fastening means cast in blocks according to the method of the present invention must be placed on platforms or raised parts, most preferably on platforms with sloping surfaces and intended to allow rails to be mounted in sloping positions.

These platforms can have a horizontal surface and must be fixed in the sleepers, and therefore the molds 1 intended to be placed on the bottom of the mold bases 10 in which the sleepers are cast are provided with elongated openings defining rounded surfaces as shown in Fig. 3. The general type mold chutes or trays 3 described in Figures 1 and 2 are mounted in these openings.

15

The molds are of the same thickness and width, but vary in length, and the openings of the respective molds are fitted to the respective molds separately, depending, among other things, on where the manufactured sleepers are located in the area of the track in question.

The mold chute 3 has asymmetrical shaped or recessed areas 3a intended to form platforms or surfaces having inclined surfaces of the sleeper.

Matrix gutters are made of a type of steel that can be forcibly shaped and that, with the help of suitably shaped tools, allows the manufacture of matrix gutters by a stretching or pressing process.

The matrix troughs 3 have circumferentially extending flanges 3b intended for the bottom against the areas adjacent the edges of the mold opening when the mold troughs are inserted into the openings.

35

The sleepers, and above all their platforms, must be manufactured with the utmost precision, and as a result it is very essential that the formwork gutters be positioned and fastened to the openings precisely before they are fastened to the formwork.

To this end, the flanges of the troughs 3b are provided with guide holes 5 which co-operate with pins projecting from the molds (not shown), thus allowing the mold troughs to be guided into the correct positions when placed in the openings.

Prior to fixing the mold gutters in place, which is usually done by welding the gutters to the corresponding molds, the gutters are preferably fixed in their correct positions by means of suitable tightening means.

The formwork gutters are provided with openings 4 in the rail sleepers for receiving the anchor parts 12 15 (see Fig. 4) of the fastening means acting as holders. These anchor parts 12 are embedded in concrete sleepers.

Since, as mentioned above, the mold chutes 3 are made of a softer quality of steel than the molds, the chutes 20 are provided with a reinforcing or stiffening plate 3c placed in the middle.

Figure 4 illustrates a part of a mold base, in which the mold 1 in which the mold chute 3 is welded is shown in a position in which it 25 forms the bottom of the mold base. Numerous similar molds of varying lengths are placed side by side as described in the aforementioned previously published specifications.

Figure 4 illustrates two parts of a mold 1 cut in the middle. It is to be understood that although not described, two mold chutes are nevertheless placed in this cut-out area.

35 The side walls of the mold or casting cavity are illustrated by broken lines 7 and 8.

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The mold chutes placed in the openings of the molds 1 are welded to the molds 1. Figure 4 illustrates one such weld seam.

In this respect, alternative welding methods are conceivable, for example spot welding. Alternatively, the mold chutes can be glued to the corresponding molds.

Figure 5 illustrates a finished concrete element made on a formwork base. The concrete element is denoted by reference numeral 10 and the raised surfaces or protrusions 10 formed by the mold gutters and their inclined upper surfaces are denoted by reference numeral 10a. Figure 5 also shows the anchoring means 12 of the rail fastening means.

The concrete element illustrated in Fig. 5 is cut into two parts for an exemplary reason, although it should be understood that two (not illustrated) rail-supporting platforms 10a are located in an area of the concrete element not shown in Fig. 5.

Fig. 6 is an end view of the sleeper 10 shown in Fig. 5 provided with a platform 10a and anchoring means embedded in the sleeper, said anchoring means having anchoring portions 12a running along said sleeper.

25

Figure 7 illustrates an embodiment of the invention in which the mold 1 has two trough-receiving openings arranged side by side. The mold gutters then penetrate into each other's area and it is then necessary to form the end portions 30 against the gutters.

It is to be understood that the molds and troughs described, as well as the manner in which they are joined together, may be modified within the scope of the invention.

35

In the manufacture of the plurality of concrete sleepers required for railway switches, a mold arrangement is used, comprising a plurality of molds 1 to which the mold chutes 98396 11 are attached and have substantially the same width but varying lengths and the location of the holes in which the mold chutes 3 are located.

5 The number of molds used in such a mold arrangement can vary widely, depending on the track system in question and the nature of the gear in question.

10 The angle at which the upper surfaces of the platforms of manufactured sleepers are inclined may also vary. According to US practice, the tilt angle is 1:40, while according to Swedish and Danish practice, the tilt angle is best between 1:30 and 1:20, respectively. In other countries 15 other values may apply.

As mentioned above, the invention can also be applied to usually horizontal surfaces, i. for the manufacture of sleepers with non-inclined surfaces. In this case, the mold chutes are arranged accordingly and usually have a symmetrical structure.

The invention can also be applied in those cases where the molds are placed on the mold base in a vertical plane, i.e. so that the protrusions of the mold protrude from one side of the respective molds. This method of making the mold is used, among other countries, in the United Kingdom.

Claims (11)

98396 12 A method of manufacturing concrete sleepers (10) for a gear, the sleepers of varying lengths and provided with different numbers and locations of fastening means for rail fastening, said fastening means being anchored to the platforms (10a) in the sleepers (10), and inclined surfaces, in which a plurality of molds are placed on a long formwork base and concrete is poured onto the base 10 and allowed to set and harden, characterized in that the formwork (1) is provided with openings (2) in the areas of the platforms (10a) and ) is attached to the molds next to the edges of said openings with the gutter-15 side of the respective mold gutters (3) facing outwards. 2. A patent according to claim 1, which comprises a flange (3) according to the flange (3b) which comprises a flange of the flange (3), the flange of the flange (3) being provided by the matrix (1). Method according to claim 1, characterized by providing the mold chutes (3) with flanges (3b) attached to the edges of the mold chutes, the flanges resting most preferably against the inner surface of the molds (1). 3. An arrangement according to claim 2, which comprises a flange (3b) according to a stem (5), which comprises a stem and a matrix, and which has a fixed element for the fitting operation. A method according to claim 2, characterized by providing the flanges (3b) with guide holes (5) and fitting said guide holes to respective guide pins in the mold so as to place the respective mold troughs before fixing said troughs. 4. Sätt enligt nägot av patentkrav 1-3, kännetecknat av att trägelementen pä buktningarnas utät vända sida förses med en förstyvning. 30 Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized by stiffening the outwardly facing sides 30 of the mold chutes. 5. An arrangement according to claims 1-4, which comprises an element according to the invention (4) for the application ring (12) according to the invention (12). 35 Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the formwork gutters are provided with openings (4) for releasably mounting the fastening means (12) 35 to be embedded in the cast sleepers (6). 6. The provisions of claims 1-5, which refer to the following (2) placements in the range of 0-10 ° to the matrix (1). 98396 15 Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized by arranging the openings (2) at an angle of 0-10 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the molds (1). 98396 13 7. Matrix for the construction of a concrete block, for example, a matrix for a single block or a plate (1) with an actual slipper (10) with a slope and with a weight of the slipper (5) (1) a shark block (10a) of a shark block (10), a shark block (10) of a shark block (10), a shuttle block (10) 3), a light is provided in the form of a matrix (1) in the space (2) of the edge, 10 and in the absence of a trace element in the form of a plate (1) da betongen härdat, sagda upphöjningar (10a) har formats av trägelementen (3). A mold for producing concrete sleepers for track switches, usually consisting of a flat plate, the length of which usually corresponds to the length of the sleeper (10) in question, having a width corresponding to the width of the upper surface 5 of said sleeper, characterized by through holes (2), characterized by , that the openings (2) are located in the areas of the platforms (10a) with inclined surfaces and are placed on the upper surface of the finished sleepers (10); that the openings (2) are covered with mold chutes (3) attached to the molds (1) at the edges (2) of the respective openings; and that the lower part of the concave cavity of the formwork chute is outside the plane of the plate (1) on which it is placed on the formwork base on which the sleeper (10) is cast, whereby said platforms (10a) take the form of formwork chute (3) when concrete is set and hardened . A matrix according to claim 7, which comprises the elements (3) of the material of the matrix (1) and is further interchangeable with the matrix (3c). Mold according to claim 7, characterized in that the mold gutters (3) are made of a softer material than the molds (1) and in that said mold gutters are reinforced or stiffened (3c) on their lower surfaces. 9. A matrix according to claim 8, having a transverse element (3) as shown in the preamble (4) for a transverse element (12) for slipblocking according to the invention. Mold according to Claim 8, characterized in that the mold gutters (3) have openings (4) provided with anchoring means (12) for cooperating with the means 25 for fastening the rails to the respective sleepers. A matrix according to claims 7-9, the pivoting means of the trace elements (3) being arranged with the flange (3b) via a flap 25 to the matrix (1), the plunger being inverted at the end, which is plastered in the form. Mold according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the mold gutters (3) comprise flanges (3b) for attaching said gutters to corresponding molds (1) which are best on the upper surface of said molds when the molds are in place on the mold base. Mold system for the production of concrete sleepers (10) for track switches, characterized in that the mold system comprises a plurality of molds (1) provided with mold chutes (3) according to claim 7, said molds (1) having substantially the same width 98396 14 and varying lengths and varying locations of the openings (2) on which the respective mold chutes are attached. 5 1. Sätt att tillverka för en spärväxel avsedda betongsli- perblock (10) av varierande längd and med olika antal oc läge av försbefästning avsedda infästningsordordarar, vilka är infästa i företrädesvis med lutande yta försedda upphöning varvid ett 10 antal matriser (1) placeras i en läng formbädd och betong gjutes i moldbädden och medgives härda, kännetecknat av att matrix (l) förses med hai (2) i omrädet för upphöjnin-garna (10a), och att trägform 3) with the upper part of the matrix in the form of a matrix with a maximum of 15 cantilever with three elements (3) with a crankcase. 11. A matrix suppression for the use of a concrete block (10) in a spherical array, which comprises 30 elements of a three-member element (3), a matrix (1) according to claim 7, a spherical matrix (1) according to the present invention lägen för de häl (2) över vilka trägelementen är infästa.