FI96393B - Procedure and apparatus for trimming, breaking off and splitting timber - Google Patents

Abstract

Procedure for trimming, breaking off and splitting timber in a timber-processing plant, through which the timber is fed by rotating rolls 6, preferably with the roots foremost, in which procedure the trimming is carried out by curved blades 5 and the breaking off by a chain-saw 8 or a cutter blade. The timber 1 is conveyed through the plant with its lower edge effectively at a constant height independent of the timber diameter, the lower edge basically supported on the plant's counter-surfaces 18, and the timber is then split when it hits the splitting blade 17 as a result of the feed movement imparted by rollers, in which case use is made of the momentum due to the mass of the moving timber. <IMAGE>

Description

96393

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRIMING, CUTTING AND SPLITING WOOD

The invention relates to a wood processing method and a corresponding device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Several different types of wood processing equipment are already known which fell wood and prune and cut it. Wood splitting devices are known to be splitting blades that can be pushed into the wood by hydraulic power, blades that strike the wood at high speed, and a screw diameter in which the conical screw penetrates and splits the wood as it rotates.

The current splitting devices are connected to a cutting saw or the like and are not used in the forest but in places where the trees have been brought pruned into a pile.

Current processor equipment that travels from tree to tree in the forest is not capable of making logs and does not have a log collection system in or with them.

With the method and device according to the invention, a surprising solution is reached, in which the device is transported in the forest and all the necessary work steps, mainly for the thinning tree, are performed with the help of it. The invention is characterized by what is stated in the characterizing parts of the claims.

The advantage of the present new method and apparatus is that no separate power plant is required for splitting, splitting can. . _ can be performed on logs of different sizes, the splitting can be omitted and the splitting result can be adjusted according to the diameter of the tree, whereby a larger tree is split into more parts than a smaller one at the same time. Pruning waste remains over a large area of the forest because the equipment is constantly transported. Pruning waste can be chipped in connection with the device, if it is deemed necessary.

The same device makes 2- or 3-meter pulpwood logs, and the device can also prune and cut smaller-diameter logs.

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Due to the rib shape of the feed rollers, a large force can be transmitted to the movement of the wood, and due to the rib shape, the position of the wood in the device also remains on the desired line.

The device can be attached to the tractor or attached to the trailer drawbar, in which case the logs and longer timber are placed in the compartments of the trailer and the driving force for the device is obtained from the tractor. In this case, it is advantageous for the tractor to also have a boom crane for feeding the bottom part of the wood to the device.

In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which Figure 1 shows the device seen from the side.

Figure 2 shows the splitting blade and the support chute as seen from the end. Figure 3 shows the feed rollers and their movement mechanism.

The device, which is shown mainly schematically in Fig. 1, comprises a pruning device 5 placed on top of the body 21, which has curved, movable pruning blades known per se with respect to the direction of entry of the wood: 1 and a fixed pruning blade at the bottom. The movable blades are brought closer together as the diameter of the wood decreases.

The wood moving rollers 6 have a V-shaped or U-shaped side shape and are formed by stacking toothed discs of different sizes on top of each other. The rollers are thus easily interchangeable. Below the rollers 6 there are hydraulic motors 10 which rotate the rollers.

Figure 3 shows in more detail a mechanism by which the separation of the rollers 6 • · • takes place so that they rise upwards at the same time. Thus, as the diameter of the wood increases, the rollers rise and decrease as they decrease. The mechanism 12,19,21 is thus designed so that, regardless of the diameter of the wood, its lower surface is substantially flush with the supporting abutment surfaces in the device, such as the surface 18 after the rollers 6 and the support surface of the fixed lower pruning blade before the rollers 6. In addition, the subsequent support chute 14 belongs to these surfaces.

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The rollers 6 are pressed against the wood 1 by a cylinder 20, which also opens the rollers to place the base of the wood between the rollers as a starting operation.

After the rollers 6 there is a sensor 7 which measures the longitudinal distance and the same sensor also senses the thickness of the wood based on its location. The device includes a control center that calculates the amount of wood produced. The control center also stops the supply of wood so that the cutting blade 8 in the chain saw rotating by the motor 9 cuts the wood from the right place.

After the chain saw 8.9 in Fig. 1, the wood moves to a chute 14 leading to the splitting blade 17. The chute is e.g. about 1 meter long, whereby the longest log to be split is 1 meter. Shorter can then be made 1/2, 1/3, 1/4 length, etc. In Figure 1, the trough 14 has the top log 3 of the previous tree and the first base log 2 of the next tree 1 in succession. Between the cutting periods, the logs advance to the splitting blade 17, against which they deliberately strike at a high speed aimed at: · providing a rapid movement of the feed rollers 6 and a certain acceleration distance provided to the log before the blade. The logs 3 are pushed into the splitting blade by all the logs and wood 1 at the rear, the kinetic energy of which is transferred to the splitting energy if the movement slows down. There is no separate power source for splitting. The chute 13 above guides the dowels 2 and '' 3 so that they do not turn, e.g., transversely from the line.

The acceleration distance can be arranged by dimensioning the distance between the splitting blade 17 and the cutting blade to be larger, which is the cutting length or a multiple thereof. Also, with the feed rollers, the wood can first be moved slightly backwards to create an acceleration distance.

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If the tree 1 in the figure is intact after the first log 2 has been cut, the upper gutter 13 can be lowered by means of a mechanism and a log or pulpwood log of the desired length can be taken from the tree 1.

The chute 13 moves the splitting blade downwards at the same time as they are attached to each other. The trough 14 presses downwards against the spring 15 into the position 14 'and the logs 2 and 3 can be between the troughs.

As the making of the logs is continued, the trough 13 is raised 4 96393 and the cuts and splits are continued. The spring 15 raises the chute 14 to the upper position to determine the lower surface of the wood passage.

The chute 13 is moved by means of a hydraulic cylinder (not shown), if possible under the control of the sensor 7 and the control center, so that it is always lowered to the upper surface of the nearly cut logs. This provides two benefits. First, the owls remain in control as they transmit the splitting force to the owl being split. Second, the diameter blade 17 is adjusted to the correct height position according to the diameter of the owls.

Figure 2 shows how a splitting blade 17 with a cross blade splits logs of different diameters. The smallest logs only crack in the middle or even pass the blade. Medium-sized splits into four parts and the largest into six parts. This is achieved when the splitting blade moves vertically with the upper trough and the position of the upper trough is controlled according to the thickness of the wood entering the trough 14 sensed by the sensor 7. The splitting blade 17 thus moves fixedly with the upper trough.

From the splitting blade, the logs are bagged directly into sacks of about 1 m3, for example in forestry work, which are later collected. Pulpwood logs and logs are also collected. If the unit is mounted on a trailer, the logs are routed directly to their own pallet compartment, as is the longer timber and immediately taken out of the forest.

With the help of the control system, you can take a log log or a longer log or log from anywhere in the wood ... '. In addition to the example image, the device solution '* may contain many modifications, e.g. the movement of the rollers 6 can be realized by sliding guides on each roller, along which the rollers move obliquely upwards as they separate.

Claims (10)

96393 A method for pruning, cutting and splitting wood in a wood processing device, through which the wood preferably passes through the base fed by rotating rollers (6) and in which pruning is performed by means of curved blades (5) and cutting with a chain saw (8) or cutting blade, characterized in that the wood (1) is conveyed through the device regardless of the diameter of the wood at a substantially constant height, mainly at the lower edge of the device (18) due to the height-adjustable feed rollers (6) and that the wood is split the kinetic energy bound to the mass of the moving tree (1). Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the movement of the wood stops during cutting and that, after the cutting space, an acceleration distance of at least 50 to 100 mm is arranged on the wood (2,3) before it meets the splitting blade (7). Method according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the wood-carrying rollers (6), in addition to being separated from one another according to the diameter of the wood, are adjusted to rise relative to the abutment surface (18). Method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the position of the splitting blade (17) is adjusted according to the thickness of the wood to be split by the path of the wood (1). : * 5. Apparatus for pruning, cutting and splitting wood in a wood processing device, through which the wood is preferably passed above the base by rotating rollers (6) and in which pruning is performed by means of curved blades (5) and cutting with a chain saw (8) or cutting blade, that the device comprises a mechanism (12, 19) for lifting the wood-carrying feed rollers (6) as they separate from each other to maintain the lower edge of the wood at a substantially constant height 96393, regardless of the diameter of the wood; for splitting the wood, the splitting blade (17) can be moved 'to the path of the wood. Device according to Claim 5, characterized in that the rollers (6) consist of stacked toothed discs of different diameters. Device according to Claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the distance between the cutting blade (8) and the splitting blade (17) has both an upper (13) and a lower (14) gutter or the like guiding the wood. Device according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the upper guide is a chute (13) which can be lowered onto the wood line as a guide below the logs which are not split and the splitting blade (17) connected to said chute moves away from the tree line. • · « Device according to one of Claims 5 to 8, characterized in that a sensor (7) sensing the dimensions of the wood (1) is provided in connection with the traction rollers (6). Device according to one of Claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the sensor (7) is connected to control the position of the splitting blade (17) on the path of the wood. 96393