FI94284C - Motion mechanism for stainless steel rods in a solid fuel - Google Patents

Description

94284

Mechanism of movement of grate irons in solid fuel grate. - Rörelsemekanism för roststavar i en för fast bränsle avsedd Rost.

The invention relates to a mechanism for moving the grate bars of a solid fuel sloping or planar grate, the grate comprising a plurality of parallel, elongate grate bars with gaps between them and at least some of the grate bars being movable at least in their longitudinal direction.

Gratings with a movement mechanism are used in connection with solid fuels such as wood chips, sawdust (sawdust) and combustion equipment for burning peat, such as a boiler or a front housing placed in front of it. The mechanism according to the invention primarily performs the movement of the grate irons, but it can also be applied to the adjustment of the pouring angle of the grate and to the adjustment of the grate slits of the planar grate. As a level grate, a brush-type grate can also be considered.

It is already known to move grate irons in their longitudinal direction with hydraulic power devices. As they move, the grate bars drag on their brackets. Given the large number and weight of grate irons, relatively high power and expensive power equipment is required. On the other hand, the known mechanisms of movement of the grate irons limit the possibility of adjusting the pouring angle of the grate or the grate slits.

The object of the invention is to provide an improved mechanism for moving grate irons, with which even large grate iron masses can be moved easily. It is a further object of the invention to provide a movement mechanism which, in addition to longitudinal movement, also provides a small amount of vertical movement. It is a further object of the invention to provide a movement mechanism which allows the adjustment of the pouring angle of the grate and / or the adjustment of the grate slits.

These objects of the invention are achieved on the basis of the features set out in the appended claims.

In the following, some embodiments of the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows the movement mechanism according to the invention in a perspective view, in which only the most essential parts are shown. Of the parallel grate irons, only two grate irons moving in opposite directions are shown.

Figure 2 shows a side view of successive arinary groups which can be used separately or in combination with the movement mechanism according to Figure 1.

Figure 3 shows a section of a combustion chamber using both oblique and planar grate. Both grates are moved by the mechanism according to the invention.

Figures 4-9 show different options for fitting the ends of the pivot cams to the receiving cavities of the grate irons.

Fig. 10 shows the bearing of the end of the pivot rod 1, 2 in a height-adjustable manner for adjusting the grate angle.

As can be seen from Figures 1-3, the basic idea of the invention is to place parallel bars 1 and 2 and 15 transversely under the grate of the boiler or front burner. The bars can be closed in small boilers or tubular in larger boilers. In this case, cooling water can be introduced into the pipes 1, 2 and they can also be supported in the middle to prevent bending.

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The rods 1, 2 are mounted with the sleeves 3 and 4 on both side walls 5 fixedly or in such a way that they can be moved vertically and thus change the pouring angle of the grates (as shown in more detail in connection with Fig. 10). The radially projecting pivots 6 are attached to the rods 1, 2 by means of sleeves 6a and screws 6b. The free ends of the grate irons 7, 8 rest on the rod 15.

If it is desired to adjust the grate gap (planar gratings), the cam 6 can be moved laterally on the grate bars 1 and 2 and thus the desired grate slot A can be installed.

By turning the bars 1 and 2 in opposite directions to each other, the cams 6 provide a longitudinal movement to the grate irons 7 and 8 so that the adjacent grate irons always move in different directions. The length of the movement depends on the length B of the cam and the rotation angle α of the rods 1, 2, which varies from 0 ° to 60 °. The speed of movement again depends on the rotational speed of the rods 1, 2, which can be infinitely adjusted.

The rotational movement of the rods 1, 2 is effected by a reciprocating force F on the pivot arm 9. The drive device 10 can be manual or mechanical.

The pivot arm 9 is mounted on a pivot pin 11, as a result of which the force on the pivot arm 9 is converted into a reciprocating rotation.

The movement is guided by means of connecting rods 12 to the pivoting levers 14 at the ends of the rods 1, 2, which pivot the rods 1 and 2 under the action of the force F.

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The connecting rods 12 are articulated by means of pins 13 to the pivot arm 9 and to the pivot levers 14. The L- | and by changing the dimensions of L2 and the torque arm B formed by the pivot lever 14 and the torque arm B of the cams 6, the force F applied to the grate is multiplied in a manner known from mechanics. In this case, a sufficiently large force is applied to the grate irons with a relatively small force, which overcomes the frictional forces due to the weight of the grate irons and the fuel layer, as well as other additional forces. Most of the weight can be concentrated on the rods 1, 2, whereby the pulling frictional force against the rod 15 remains relatively small.

By reducing the torque arm L1 in the pivot arm 9 by the arm L3, the movement of the grate bars can be extended, but at the same time the need for force F increases. If the torque arm is extended by the arm L4, the movement of the grate bars is shortened and the need for force F is reduced. This feature is important when it is desired to make a long grate system with several groups of grate in succession and the fuel is transferred along the grate mechanically during combustion.

Figure 2 shows successive aromatic groups that can be used separately or in combination with the mechanism of Figure 1.

In common use, the pivot arms 9 are connected to each other by a connecting rod 16. Despite the mechanical connection, each grate group can be given a different length of movement of the grate bars. This is done by changing the torque arm L to the desired length. This has the advantage that a slower movement is obtained at the beginning of the grate than at the end. In this way, the fuel layer can be kept even despite the combustion. The grate irons may have a flat surface (planar gratings) or may have steps or ridges that form "push barriers" to move the fuel forward.

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Since the bars 1, 2, 15 are transverse to the boiler and the movement of the grate takes place by means of the bars 1, 2, the combustion air coming under the grate can be distributed to each group of grate separately. The division takes place in such a way that each group of gratings is separated by partitions 17.

The division takes place on the same principle if the the movement mechanism is used in the oblique array solution, as shown in Figure 3.

The advantage of splitting combustion air is that very different fuels can be burned in the same combustor, the composition and humidity of which can vary greatly.

The mechanism according to the invention fits very well with the solution according to Fig. 3, which has a combination of oblique grate and planar grate (or brush-like planar grate). This has the following advantages: - the combustion air coming under the sloping grate can be distributed to each grate block separately - the grate irons of the sloping grate can be moved - the grate irons of the planar grate (or flat brush grate) can be moved in a different direction from the adjacent iron. In addition, the grate angle can be easily adjusted by lowering or raising the support size 18, whereby the cam 18a therein raises or lowers. the 20 ends of the grate irons and the grate angle changes. The adjustment can take place during combustion, in which case there is no need to intervene in the movement mechanism at all.

The following changes have been made to the movement mechanism described above in the planar grate of Figure 3. The pivot cams 6 of all the grate irons are attached to the bar 1 so that every other cam is fixedly attached to the bar 1 and moves (pivots) with the bar 1. The sleeves of the spacers 21 are only mounted on the rod 1 and the spacer 21 is moved by means of a rod 2 using a torsion cam 22 fixedly attached to the rod 2, which transmits movement to the spacer 21 by means of a connecting rod 23. The parts 21, 22 and 23 are connected to each other by pivots. Thus, again, the adjacent grate irons 20 move in different directions when the bars 1, 2 are turned in opposite directions by the mechanism shown in connection with Fig. 1.

In order to be able to move the grate irons by the mechanism according to the invention, the grate irons must be made with the cavities shown in Figures 4-9, in which the ends of the pivot cams 6 fit. The end of the pivot cam 6 can be shaped differently depending on the need for use and the amount of movement and the application. The design of the cam head keeps the grate bars 7, 8 or 20 parallel to each other and the grate slots constant.

The model according to Fig. 4, the corresponding grate iron cavity 42 is shown in cross section in Fig. 5, has a large loading surface, so it is suitable for cases where a lot of movement is required (large plants).

The cam and recess 43 according to Fig. 6, the corresponding cross-section of which is shown in Fig. 7, is inexpensive and is suitable for solutions where the amount of movement is small (small plants). Figure 8 shows a solution in which the grate irons are combined into grate iron packages 25a and 25b. The case of Fig. 9 differs from Fig. 8 in that the contact surface between the cam 6 and the cavity 43 is substantially smaller.

Fig. 10 shows a case in which the grate bars 1, 2 are mounted on the side walls so that the height position of the bars can be changed. The bearing is as follows. A flanged guide sleeve 28 is attached to the side walls 5 of the burner at the bushings. A bearing piece 29 is inserted inside the guide sleeve. The bearing sleeve 30 has an eccentrically attached grate bar bearing sleeve 30 through which the grate bars 1 and 2 are guided.

il irt-l · Rilli, i i i tai 7 94284

By turning the bearing piece 29, the height of the grate bars 1, 2 can be changed. After the change, the flanges of the bearing piece 29 and the guide sleeve 28 are fastened, e.g. with a screw connection 30a. This possibility of adjustment is important when installing the grates in place, as this makes it possible to eliminate manufacturing inaccuracies and to make the bars 1, 2 parallel. With the partitions 17, each grate group can be set so that the combustion air coming from the separate supply air openings 31, 32, 33 can be adjusted to suit each grate group.

In the sloping grate solution shown in Fig. 3, ash falling through the gratings accumulates on the partitions 17. The ash is removed to the ash space by opening the doors 40 and knocking the ash down. From the upper deck, the ash can be dropped through the shaft 41 down into the ash space.

Barriers to the use of solid fuels have generally been variations in fuel quality (particle size, humidity, melting of fuel at low temperatures, etc.). The different properties of the fuels have led to the availability of a wide variety of fuel assemblies and the grate mechanisms contained therein. These known solutions are usually only suitable for a certain fuel grade, so the subsequent change of fuel to a different quality is .. cumbersome and often requires high costs.

The oblique grate movement system according to the invention makes it possible to make the surface of the oblique grate almost tight, so that no ash or finely divided fuel (e.g. sawdust) flows through it. This prevents burning below the grate and possible overheating.

The movement mechanism according to the invention makes it possible to divide the grate surface of the sloping grate into longitudinal or transverse blocks into which combustion air at different pressures or temperatures suitable for each fuel can be directed and thus the whole combustion process and efficiency can be improved.

The movement mechanism according to the invention ensures the downward flow of the fuel layer and the ash layer below it.

The movement mechanism according to the invention ensures that the fuel layer is of uniform thickness on the grate and that the combustion air does not "escape" from the point without fuel.

The mechanism according to the invention makes the sloping grate light and inexpensive.

Thanks to the invention, low-cost materials can be used in the grate structure and its movement mechanism.

The movement mechanism according to the invention has low-wear parts.

The movement mechanism according to the invention can be operated manually and / or mechanically intermittently or continuously.

The movement mechanism according to the invention makes it possible to • change the width, height and length of the grate irons to best suit each fuel.

When using the mechanism according to the invention, adjacent grate rails can be moved in different directions by a low-force reciprocating movement.

With a flat grate or a brush grate, the removal of ash, slag and stones from the grate can also be easily done from both ends of the grate in addition to the grate slots.

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The layer of fuel ash on top of the grate is made to move vigorously if necessary, and in this way the melting of peat ash in particular can be prevented.

The movement mechanism according to the invention enables the use of the most varied forms of grate iron, in addition to the fact that the width, length and angle of the grate can vary as required.

The movement mechanism according to the invention enables the joint use of the grate groups (Fig. 2) so that the grates move either at the same speed or each grate group moves at a different speed.

In the movement mechanism according to the invention, a wear-resistant coating can be applied to the wearing surfaces, which may be necessary because weldable normal steel is used as the base material.

Claims (8)

A displacement mechanism for roasting rods in a solid fuel slanted or flat grate, the grating comprising a group of parallel, elongated roasting rods (7, 8), between which spats arise and of which roasting rods are at least part longitudinal roasting rods. , wherein the mechanism comprises a first shaft (1) and a second shaft (2), which are below rods (7, 8) transverse in relation to their longitudinal direction, and from which projecting cam (6) supporting rods (7, 8) protrude. ), whose longitudinal movement is effected by rotating said shafts (1, 2), characterized in that the projections (6) protruding from the first shaft (1) partially support the first group of rust bars (7) and are received therein. recesses (42, 43) of the rods (7), in that the projections from the second shaft (2) partially support the second group of rods (8) which lie between the first group of rods and which If the recesses (42, 20) are received, the latter rotating chambers (6) are received, that the other ends of the two stainless steel groups (7, 8) are supported without a lateral guide with a support bar (15, 18) or correspondingly, and that the shafts (1, 2) engage with the rotary and drive means (10-14), with which shafts can be rotated back and forth in opposite directions. 2. A mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the grate is formed by a plurality of step parts arranged one after the other, which respectively have a separate first and second shaft (1, 2). 3. A mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rotating and driving devices (1 ΟΙ 4) comprise radially projecting rotary arms (14) and spacers (1) of the arms (1). rods (12), the other ends of which are mounted in a pivot arm (9) on opposite sides of its pivot shaft (11). 13 94284 4. A mechanism as claimed in claim 2 or 3, c h a r a c t e r i z e d that the displacement mechanism for two or more rust parts of rotating arms (9) is engaged with the same drive shaft (16). 5 5. A mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that a mutual design of said recesses (42, 43) and the end of the cam (6) is made such that the bar (7, 8) and the cam (6) ) can rotate limited relation to each other in the vertical plane, but in the plane of the grate, the rotary cam prevents a substantial rotation of the grating rod. 6. A mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that a corner control cam (18a) joins the support bar (18), in particular to adjust the inclination of the flat or cam-shaped flat grid (20). 7. A mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that bearing bushes (30) for the shafts 20 (1, 2) formed by rods or tubes are vertically adjustably attached to the walls of the burner. 8. A mechanism as claimed in claim 1 or 5, characterized in that the turning chambers (6) are fixed to the shafts (1, 2) with bushings (6a) which are readable at the shaft (1) with the desired screws (6). gap.