FI94205B - Harrow - Google Patents

Description

HARROW

94205

The invention relates to a harrow used in agriculture, in particular in arable farming. When the harrow is used to cultivate the seedbed, the hydraulic adjustment system of the harrow is able to adjust the working depth of the harrow tines by raising or lowering the support wheels of the harrow and the end of the drawbar.

In modern agriculture, special attention is paid to the sowing of the land, as this very much affects not only the amount of the annual harvest 10 but also the quality of the crop. For this reason, the farmer’s full-year financial performance depends on the success of the tillage.

Today, spring spikes are mainly used for sowing on cereal farms. These harrows are characterized in that their actual working members, the tip pieces of the spring tines, 15 have very little specific adjustment of the working depth, in certain soils this specific adjustment may be completely absent. Thus, the working depth of the harrow must be adjusted by adjusting the height of the support axes of the tines or, in most cases, the entire body of the harrow from the field surface. The harrow body rests at least in part on support wheels, legs, toe rollers or the like. In this case, the working depth of the harrow is adjusted by adjusting the distance 20 between the harrow body and its support members. In known solutions, this adjustment is most often a screw adjustment, although there is also a pin / slot as well as an adjustment with hydraulic cylinders.

When these conventional harrows are driven in a field block where the soil type or soil moisture varies at different points in the block, the indentation of the harrow support members and thus also the working depth varies. The varying working depth, on the other hand, brings with it very rapidly varying germination and sprouting, and the quality of the crop suffers m.m. due to uneven inflammation.

One solution to this is to automate the working depth adjustment of the harrow so that the actual working members of the harrow, the tip pieces of the tines, always operate at the same working depth, even if the external conditions 30 vary. One attempt in this direction can be seen in the Swedish VAMO harrow. In its model, the Hydro Exakt has a hydraulic cylinder in the harrow drawbar, which detects the draw resistance of the harrow and adjusts the height of the support wheels accordingly.

• For certain soil types, this solution may have some advantages, but 35 basic starting points have been wrongly chosen. When harrowing downhill, the traction on the drawbar decreases and the harrow responds by increasing the working depth. When driving uphill, the situation is the opposite. If, when driving evenly, the soil hardens at the depth of the cultivating base, the harrow reacts incorrectly by reducing the working depth because the tensile strength increases.

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Another harrow for automating working depth adjustment is known from SE Publication No. 454935. Here, the different subassemblies of the harrow, such as the front axle, the different spike assemblies, and the wheel arms are connected to one separate control device powered by the tractor's hydraulic system. In the present invention, as in the previous 45 Vamo harrows, it is taught that it is advantageous if the control center of the system is connected to the traction sensor of the tractor. The harrow described further is very complex and the steering system must be continuously connected to the tractor hydraulics in order to function.

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The structure thus becomes expensive and adapting it to the very different hydraulic systems of the different tractor models poses a lot of problems in practice.

The harrow according to the invention provides a decisive remedy for these disadvantages. To achieve this, the harrow according to the invention is characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 1.

The most important advantage of the invention is that the distance (working depth) between the frame and the support wheels is adjusted according to the properties of the surface layer of the field. Since the support wheels 10 run in this surface layer, it is thus possible to compensate for their variations in deflection under different conditions.

In the following, a preferred embodiment of the invention will be explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.

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Fig. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional side view of the harrow.

Fig. 2 shows the same harness in a simplified form.

Fig. 1 shows a harrow body 1 to which a spring spike 2 with a tip piece 3 is attached. A drawbar 5 is further attached to the body of the harrow 20 by means of a joint 4. A support wheel 6 is also attached to the frame by means of a support arm 7 and a joint 8.

The front part of the body is also attached to the front 9 by means of a joint 10. The rear edge of the lana is supported by a spring-loaded intermediate bar 11 and a lever arm 12 on a hydraulic cylinder 13, the other end of which is supported on the frame 25. The double hydraulic cylinder 14 is tracked between the support wheel support arm 7 and the drawbar 5. Meanwhile, a mechanical depth adjustment limiter 15 is also installed. The support arm 7 and the drawbar 5 are further connected by a loop-shaped intermediate rod 16, which runs from below the joint 8 to above the joint 4. The hydraulic cylinders are connected to the external hydraulics by means of quick couplings via hoses 17, 18 and 19. The system also includes 30 pressure accumulators 20 and a pressure gauge 21.

Figure 2 shows the same harrow without the pressure accumulator 20 with its accessories, and the twin cylinder 14 has been replaced by a simpler cylinder 23.

35 When cultivating a field with the harrow shown in Fig. 1, its front end is supported by the tractor's towbar. The middle and rear part of the harrow rests on the support wheel 6. As the harrow support wheels (support wheels 6 as well as the tractor wheels) tend to sink deeper as the surface of the field softens, more ground accumulates in front of the front cover 9 and rotates slightly behind the joint 10 in the frame. In this case, by means of the spring-loaded intermediate rod 11 and the lever arm 12, the hydraulic cylinder 13 pushes more hydraulic fluid into the cylinder 14, whereby the support wheel 6 and the front end of the drawbar 5 turn down the same distance with respect to the body 1. This compensates for the • increased depression of the support wheels and the harrow frame at all times in a horizontal position at the same distance from the field surface. The tip pieces 3 of the spring spikes 2 thus work at a constant depth at all times.

45. Thus, in this harrow according to the invention, the working depth does not depend on whether the uphill or downhill is driven or whether the hardness of the working base varies.

94205

The mechanical depth adjustment stop 15 sets the maximum value of the working depth before starting work. With the right-hand piston of the twin-cylinder 14, the harrow is raised to the transport position, so that both the support arm 7 and the drawbar 5 pivot significantly downwards 5 around their frame joints 8 and 4. The pressure accumulator 20 included in the system facilitates the work of the front flap to lift the entire harrow. This pressure accumulator can be pressurized by the hydraulics outside the tractor via the hose 19. The preset relief pressure can be monitored from the pressure gauge 21.

10 If, during work, there is a special need to use the front lane more efficiently than usual, for example to level a ridge, this is done simply by closing, for example, with a wire, etc. valve 22, whereby the hydraulic hose 18 and the cylinder 13 can be adjusted to take the front valve more.

15 In particular, it should be noted that the same harrow can also be sold in the simplified form shown in Figure 2 as an "economic model". Here, the pressure accumulator 20 is omitted and the twin cylinder 14 has been replaced by a simpler cylinder 23. The front harrow of the harrow can then be used in the normal way with direct adjustment by the tractor hydraulics. If necessary, such an "economy model" can later be easily converted into an automatic model by installing 20 a pressure accumulator 20 and a double cylinder 14.

The invention has been described above only with reference to one preferred embodiment thereof. However, this is in no way intended to limit the invention to this example only, but many modifications are possible within the scope of the inventive idea defined by the following claims.

Claims (7)

1. In the case of lanterns, sparsely spaced apart from a small number of 5, a maximum of 7, a total of 9 slots, 9 of which are used for the first time in the first half of the second half of the first 5 har anordnats proportionerlig i förhällande account läget pä sladdplankan 9 sälunda att sladdplankans 9 rörelse i förhällande account ramen 1 tvingar hydraulvätska att förflytta sig mellan cylindrama 13 och 14. A harrow for use in agriculture, in particular in arable farming, with a drawbar 5 articulated to the frame 1, a support wheel support arm 7 and a front 9, characterized in that the position of the harrow support wheels 6 and the front end of the drawbar 5 relative to the frame 1 is that the movement of the front flap 9 relative to the body 1 forces the hydraulic fluid to move between the cylinders 13 and 14. 2. The device according to claim 1, which can be connected to a hydraulic cylinder 14, has a control device 7 and a drawbar 5 with a lead mechanism, which means that the hydraulic cylinder 14 can be operated directly from the frame. A harrow according to claim 1, characterized in that the support wheel support arms 7 and the drawbar 5 are adjusted by the same hydraulic cylinder 14 by means of an articulated polygon so that said hydraulic cylinder 14 does not have a direct support from the frame. 3. In rare cases, patent claims 1 and 2, which can be used as a cylindrical account for cylinders 13 or 14, have an anchorage and a discharge capacity with a hydraulic accumulator 20. 5 94205 Harrow according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that at least one of the cylinders 13 and 14 is monitored by a relief pressure by means of a pressure accumulator 20. 4. In rare cases, a patent 1-3 is shown to be hydraulically cylindrical with a regulator of 7 or more than 5 double pistons. Harrow according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the hydraulic cylinder for adjusting the support arms 7 and the drawbar 5 is a two-piston cylinder. 4 94205 5. In rare cases, claims 1-4, which are intended to be used in the manufacture of double piston cylinders, are of interest to a medium-sized scooter having a supply to the transport medium. Harrow according to Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the second piston of the two-piston cylinder generally adjusts the working depth and the second piston raises the harrow to the transport position. 6. In rare cases, claims 1-4, which refer to the genome of the valve 22, regulate the sloping planes 9 of the direct current by means of tractors and hydraulics. Harrow according to Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that by closing the valve 22 the position of the front flap 9 can be adjusted directly by means of hydraulics outside the tractor. Harrow according to Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the automatic control pressure accumulator and the double cylinder 14 can be delivered as an installation package to a simplified harrow which has already been sold. 7. A rare embodiment according to claims 1-4, provided that an automatic regulating battery and a double piston cylinder 14 can be used as a mounting device, and in particular the same. «I ·