FI92263B - Method and apparatus for remote control of switch members - Google Patents

Description

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Method and apparatus for remote control of switch members. -Förfarande och anordning för fjärrstyrning av kontaktorgan.

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for remotely controlling switching elements from the transmitter to the distribution network by means of instructions corresponding to separate activating functions of the switching elements, which instructions consist of elements of constant length. whose correspondence is compared at the receiver to the associated pulse pattern and which, when accepted, is used to control the corresponding switching element, and wherein each transmission pulse pattern has at least one address (HG1 - HGh; UG1 - UGn; IA1 - IAi) and possibly data information (DT1) in addition to the respective command (AW1 - AWm) - DTr).

In this type of method known as DECABIT (DECAB1T is a trademark of Zellweger Uster AG), the pulse pattern consists of ten cycles, five of which consist of a pulse and five of a pulse interval. Using such pulse patterns, a total of 252 different commands can be generated, and thus 126 "on-off" command pairs, each of which can selectively activate and control the desired number of set receivers.

*: The invention should now improve this known method so that each individual function can be activated separately, in which case the code system used must be reliable, fast and flexibly structured.

According to the invention, this task is solved by adjusting the number of addresses (HG1-HGh; UG1-UGn; IA1-IAi) according to the assignment accuracy and using several different address categories of hierarchical steps, and that each address and data information (DT1-DTr) consists of of said number of elements.

In the method according to the invention, reliability is achieved in particular by using an error identification code, i.e. code words in which a predetermined number of periods are reserved for control pulses. In addition, the transmission rate can be adapted to the bandwidth of the transmission system. Speed is achieved on the one hand by short codewords and on the other hand by a variable number of addresses. Flexible structurability is provided by a variable number of addresses that allows groups to be formed at multiple hierarchical levels, and the ability to rearrange these groups by remote address change. Finally, the method is compatible with the DECABIT system when using codewords with the same number of cycles as the DECABIT system.

The invention further relates to an apparatus for carrying out said method, the apparatus comprising a transmitter and associated co-control receivers having input and interpretation parts. The device according to the invention is characterized by the features set forth in the characterizing part of claim 7.

In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail by means of an exemplary embodiment and the drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a diagram of a DECABIT statement;

Figure 2 is a general diagram of a co-control transmission according to the invention; * Figure 3 includes a schematic example for certain co-control transmissions according to the invention; and

Figure 4 is a simplified circuit diagram of a common control receiver according to the invention 92263 3.

Figure 1 is a time diagram of a DECABIT statement. The transmission of such an instruction, also called a telegram, begins with the first signal. the so-called. by transmitting a start pulse S, which on the one hand separates the rest phase of the system from its operation phase and on the other hand ensures the synchronization between the transmitter and the receiver for the next event. The event consists of five pulses and five pulse intervals, which are distributed for each instruction in a manner characteristic of the ten cycles following the start pulse S. The length of each period is 0.6 s, as is the length of the start pulse S, so the complete transmission of the command takes 6.6 s, including the start pulse S.

Using only such commands with five pulses and five pulse intervals, the number of commands to be generated is equal to the number of combinations of five elements out of 10 elements, and this is 252. From this, 126 "on-off" command pairs can be * formed. Of these, a certain amount is not used and / or they are used in the so-called common commands, so that, for example, 100 double commands are available, each of which can be used to activate and control the desired number of receivers set accordingly. Other details of the DECABIT system are not explained here; in this connection, reference is made to CH 540 590 (corresponding to U.S. Pat. No. 3,833,866) and to the brochure "Zellweger Impulse" no. 3, November 1971.

With the system according to the invention, it is possible to use a substantially larger number of possible instructions, because each telegram is constructed in such a way that in addition to the actual instruction, it contains an address and possibly data, where the address belongs to a main group, subgroup or different address.

This structure is shown schematically in Fig. 2, with the notations HG1 - HGh for the main group addresses le, UG1 - UGn for the sub- $ 2263 4 group addresses le, IA1 - IAi for the different 11 addresses, AW1 - AWm for the instructions and DT1 - DTr for the data. The start pulse S starts each data, address and instruction.

The main group address 1a is activated for certain types of consumers, for example boilers, air conditioners or electricity meters and the like. The subgroups correspond to certain separate consumer groups, for example 3 kW boilers, and different addresses can be activated for individual consumers in such a subgroup. The type of code used for the different address and the resulting number of possible combinations determine the possible size of the subgroup. The same applies to other addresses.

The representation of Figure 2 is to be understood only schematically, and does not mean that the main group addresses are sent first, then the subgroup addresses, then the different 11 addresses, and finally the instructions and data are successively. It is entirely possible to structure the presented diagram horizontally, i.e. that. the main group, subgroup and different address with their respective commands and information are sent, followed by the next main group address, etc. Intermediate forms of the columnar and row structure described above are also possible and are used in practice, in which case the general principle may be that the structure follows the address information. when pressing more column format, and when pressing commands and data more row format.

Preferably, seven out of ten codes are used for the main group addresses, three out of ten codes for the subgroup addresses and again seven out of ten codes for the different address addresses. Thus, the receiver can detect the transition from the main group address to the subgroup address and from there to the separate address by changing the code format.

Other structural levels can be developed using other code format changes in an arbitrary number. In practice, this 92263 5 is hardly necessary. The number of combinations is seven out of ten with code and three out of ten with code 120, so the total number of addresses obtained by main group, subgroup, and different 11 addresses is 120 to power 3, or 1728,000, i.e. 120 possible different 11 addresses in a subgroup and 120 possible subgroup addresses in a main group. When an entire subgroup needs to be activated, different 11 addresses can be omitted, and correspondingly, when an entire main group needs to be activated, subgroup addresses can also be omitted.

Because the assignment takes place differently, only a few codes are needed for the instructions. In this case, the instructions must be distinguished with and without additional information. The DECABIT system uses five out of ten codes for instructions and seven out of ten or three out of ten codes for data.

In practice, the total number of addresses is less than 120 to power 3, because some of the possible codes are disadvantageous in terms of interference protection and therefore cannot be used. The codes can be distinguished from each other according to the number of bit value changes included in the codeword, i.e. depending on the number of edges between bit value 0 and bit value 1 and vice versa, the examination taking place from the beginning of the start bit to the end of the tenth telegram bit position. In both codes. 7 out of 10 and 3 out of 10 have the same number of codewords per number of bit value changes, in particular one codeword with two bit value changes, 21 codewords with four bit value changes, 63 with six bit value changes, and 35 codewords with 8 bit value changes, i.e. a total of already. said number of 120 codewords.

When it is reasonably assumed that a jammer in the network is less likely to generate a valid codeword with many bit value exchanges than fewer exchanges, codewords with many bit value exchanges are preferred. For this reason, in practice, it is best to first introduce codewords with 8 bit value changes, then those with 6, and, in the case of force, those with 4 bit value changes. Thus, for the address group (different 11is addresses), 8 bits are assigned by the value change words 35, at least 6 bit value change words 98 and at least 4 bit value change words 119 assignment possibilities. For two address groups (separate and subgroup addresses 1a), the number of possibilities is 35 for power 2 or 1225, 98 for power 2 or 9604 and 119 for power 2 or 14161, and for three address groups (separate subgroup and main group addresses) the corresponding numbers are 35 '42875, 98 '* 941192 and 1193 = 1685159 possibility.

The following Tables 1 and 2 show the possible commands 1 with additional data and for air load control (Table 1) and for electricity meters (Table 2).

Table 1: Commands for load control

Without additional data_With additional data - Switch on the load - Switch on the load - Pre-programming - Switch off the load - Switch off the load - Pre-programming - Switch on the load - Switch on the load in a controlled manner - Pre-programming - Switch off the load - Switch off the load - Switch off the load load on - Switch load on cyclically - pre-programming - Switch off load - Switch off load cyclically on cycle - pre-programming - Undo last done - Change main group address pre-programming - Change subgroup address - Change different 11address

II

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Table 2: Commands for electricity meters

Without additional data_With additional data - Connect tariff 1 - Connect tariff 1 - pre-control.

- Switch on tariff 2 - Switch on tariff 2 - pre-control.

- Switch on tariff 3 - Switch on tariff 3 - pre-control.

- Switch on tariff 4 - Switch on tariff 4 - pre-control.

- Start notification - New tariff 1 or new tariff 2 or new tariff 3 or new tariff 4 - Undo last made - Change main group address, or pre-program another subgroup address or other different address

From the presented instructions, Table 1 gives seven possible instructions without data and eleven possible instructions with data, and Table 2 gives six possible instructions without data and eleven possible instructions with data.

Additional data can be e.g. time messages indicating to the receiver1 that the command must be executed. In this case, we are talking about pre-programming. The additional data may also be a new address given to the receiver. Thus, a new address can be assigned to the receiver, i.e. regrouping can also be performed (flexible structurability).

Table 3 shows examples of the tasks and the corresponding transmissions, using the abbreviations used in the figures as well.

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Table 3

Task_Send_ 1. Switch on all HG: boiler immediately, AW: switch on boilers immediately 2. Switch on boilers 3 kW HG: boiler, UG: 3 kW, AW: as required 3. Switch on after 3 hours HG: boiler, UG1: 3 kW, UG2 : 5 boilers 3 kW and .5 kW kW, AW1: set, AW2: set on with delay, DT: 3 hours 4. Switch off immediately HG: air conditioning, AW1: cycles, operation, cycle, AW2: delay, DT: 2 hours After 2 hours continuously switched on 5. kWh meter HG: kWh meter, AW1: low tariff - low tariff1 le AW2: change full tariff - change to full tariff AW3: full tariff with delay 20 Rappen / kWh DT2: 20Rp / h, DT3: 5 hours - switch on the full tariff after 5 hours 6. Change the boiler to 3 kW HG: boiler, UG: 3 kW, AW1: ·! address address change HG, AW2:

address change UG, DT1: new address HG, DT2 new address UG

7. Usterstrassen kWh- HG: kWh meter, UG meter, start announcement Usterstrasse, AW.i. announcement

In Figure 3, line a shows a diagram 11 of the transmission of Example 1 of Table 3, line 2 of Example 2, line c of Example 4 and line d of Example 5. Since each individual telegram or sub-telegram consists of a pulse pattern with 10 cycles and a start pulse, each with a duration of 0.6 s, it takes 6.6 s each to send a main group, subgroup or different 11 address, instruction or data. there is also a pause between the sub-telegrams, which is also preferably 0.6 s long.

Thus, the main group address HG of line a and the command AW are required

92263 9 13.8 s for transmission (when up to 119 address options are available); in row b, 21 s for sending the main group address HG, the subgroup address UG and the instruction AW (when there are 14161 possible addresses); 28.2 s for transmitting the main group address HG, the instructions AW1 and AW2 and the data DT in line c (there are 119 possible addresses); and line d for sending the main group address HG, the commands AW1, AW2, AW3 and the data DT2 and DT3 in 42.6 s (when there are 119 possible assignment possibilities).

Figure 4 shows a common control receiver suitable for the described system. It is connected by input terminals 1 and 2 to two AC network leads 3 and 4, whereby the described common control commands (including addresses and data) are superimposed on the network in a known manner in the form of AC pulse sequences. A power supply 6 is provided for the power supply of the common control receiver, which has a series connection connected to the input terminals 1 and 2, which has a protective impedance 7, a series capacitor 8 and a full-wave rectifier 9. A rectifier capacitor 10 and a zener diode 11 are connected to the latter.

From the point between the protective impedance 7 and the series capacitor 8, the line 12 leads on the one hand to the frequency selective receiver part 13 and on the other hand to the RC element 14. The receiver part 13, for example comprising an active RC filter as a common control frequency selective means, is connected to a negative conductor 15 and a positive conductor 16. the supply voltage required from the power supply 6. The output terminal 17 of the receiver part 13 is connected to the first input of the interpretation part 19 of the common control receiver.

The second input 20 of the interpretation section 19 is connected to a line branching from the connection point between the resistor and the capacitor of the RC member 14. Through the latter, a mains frequency 92263 10 signal is applied to the second input 20 of the interpretation section 19, by means of which a sequence of network frequency-bound clock pulses is generated in the interpretation section 19 for interpreting the received pulse strings for the electronic clock 1.

The reference part 19, which is connected to the minus and plus conductors 15, 16 and thus receives the required supply voltage from the power supply 6, is implemented by a programmable microprocessor, and includes e.g. electronic memory and shift register for periodic storage of received pulse trains. The interpreting section 19 is connected to a non-volatile electronic memory 31 which contains all valid address, command and data codes for the receiver in question. Via the serial interface 32, the interpretation section 19 can read these codes for interpretation purposes, or rewrite them if necessary, for example when performing address redefinition. Furthermore, the structure of the interpretation section 19 is such that it can correctly compare the sequence of asynchronous codes.

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Each of these codes is structured in such a way that after a certain pre-phase, which limits the respective code from the previous one, a start pulse 1a starts. followed by N control pulses. The start pulse 1a is synchronized with the receiver circuit to the transmitter and the positions of the control pulses are formed as codewords. As already mentioned in connection with Figure 2, three sets of code words are most preferably used, the first of 3 N, the second of 5 N and the third of 7 N. In this way, better reliability is guaranteed, because a bit error can always be identified when it does not lead to a valid code. If 10 is selected as the value of N as described, a known 5 out of 10 coding is obtained from 1 of the DECABIT system.

Each stored pulse train is compared with the pulse train (instruction, address) given to the common control receiver in question, and a positive interpretation result 1a26263 11 gives an acknowledgment signal from the first or second output 21 or 22 of the interpretation section 19! as an operating signal for the switch1 ime 1 le indicated by reference numeral 23. According to the figure, the switch means 23 includes a switch 23 ', and according to which output 21 or 22 has an acknowledgment signal, the switch 23' is switched on or off (closed or open), whereby the electricity consumer 24 is connected to or off the network 5.

To control the switch 23 ', the signal from the output 21 or 22 of the interpreting section 19 is connected through either the switching transistor 25 or the switching transistor 26 so as to conduct current to either coil 27, 28 of the relay 29 and thus open or close the switch 23'. In parallel with the windings 27. 28, protection diodes are connected to protect the transistors 25 and 26 from inductive voltage pulses. The switching element 23 is provided with a switching energy battery 30 in the form of an accumulator capacitor having sufficient capacity to control the switch 23 '.

The co-control receiver is shown in Figure 4 in a rather reduced form; for a more complete description, reference is made to CH 567 824 and DE 3 604 753 and to H. de Vries: "Integrierte elektronische Rundsteueremp-fänger", Bulletin SEV, no. 10/1976. As is known from this article, the frequency selective receiver part 13 includes a rectifier AM detector and a level detector connected thereto. The latter develops a digital signal, i.e. a regenerated and transmission-distorted baseband signal. The digitized signal is sampled and fed to the interpretation section 19.

Instead of the switching element 23, the interpretation part 19 may have other suitable elements, for example a data receiver, a pointer, etc. Various variations are also possible for the receiver part 13, and FSK or PSK system Imie detectors can be used instead of the AM receiver part 13.

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The interpretation section 19 is divided into a plurality of blocks, including a block for decoding the address, a block for decoding the instructions, and a block for interpreting the data. In addition, there is a fourth block for monitoring.

The address decoding block tests whether the received address code corresponds to the address given for that receiver, and performs this experiment both for the main group address and, if necessary, also for the subgroup and different subaddresses.

The instruction decoding block tests the received codes for whether they are among the possible instructions of that receiver. The data interpretation block interprets any received data. It is structured separately for each receiver. For example, it is able to linearly assign values in the range of 1 to 100 for a seven-to-ten codeword, and thus also develop a two-digit number 7 out of 10 codewords. Conversion to letters is also conceivable, so that entire texts could be transferred for display on the display device present in this case. Finally, the control block monitors the start and end of each transmission.

The start is identified by the first start pulse, and the end when there is a transmission pause of several pulse periods longer than the maximum number of empty control pulse slots. In addition, the control block checks the codes for bit errors.

It should also be noted that the use of the three address classes is to be understood only as an example of execution. Depending on the desired number of structure levels, more than three address levels can also be used, for example, an additional upper supergroup, j ne.

Claims (10)

92263 A method for remotely controlling switching elements from a transmitter to the distribution network by means of superimposed commands corresponding to the separate activating functions of the switching elements, which instructions consist of elements of constant length, a predetermined number of control pulses. associated pulse pattern, and which is accepted to be used to control the corresponding switching element, and wherein each transmission pulse pattern has at least one address (HG1 - HGh; UG1 - UGn; IA1 - IAi) and possibly data information (DT1 - DTr) in addition to the respective instruction (AW1 - AWm), characterized in that the number of addresses (HG1-HGh; UG1-UGn; IA1-IAi) is matched according to the assignment accuracy and several different address categories of the hierarchical steps are used, and that each address and data information (DT1-DTr) consists of said number of elements. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that different numbers of codewords are used for instructions (AW1 to AWm) and separate addresses (HG1 to HGh; UG1 to UGn; IA1 to IAi). Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that three groups of codewords are used for the addresses (HG1 to HGh; UG1 to Ugn; IA1 to IAi), the instructions (AW1 to AWm) and the data (DT1 to DTr). the group has three N, the second group five N, and the third group seven N code. Method according to Claim 3, characterized in that N = 10 is selected Method according to claim 4, characterized in that codewords with a plurality of bit value changes, i.e. an edge from bit value 0 to bit value 1 and vice versa, are most preferably used. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the transmission path is arranged such that the receiver or group of receivers is assigned separately, in order to change its address or addresses, the new address or addresses being transmitted as data (DT1 to DTr). An apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a transmitter and associated co-control receivers with input and interpretation parts, characterized in that the transmitter transmits constant-length pulse patterns containing elements, some of which are provided with instructions (AW1). - AWm) for triggering the functions of the switching elements controlled by the receiver and a second part for addresses (HG1 - HGh; UG1 - UGn; IAn - IAi), the number of addresses being matched to the assignment precision and several address categories of different hierarchical steps being arranged and for individual addresses and instructions different codewords, that the interpretation section (19) of each co-control receiver has a separate block for decoding addresses and instructions and a block for interpreting possibly transmitted data (DT1 to DTr), whereby the received pulse pattern is compared in the interpretation section sa with a dormant pulse pattern arranged in said switch member, and when these pulse patterns correspond to each other, the corresponding function of the switch member is triggered. Device according to Claim 7, characterized in that the interpretation part (19) has a monitoring block for monitoring the beginning and end of each common control transmission and for monitoring bit errors of separate codes. is 92263 Device according to Claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the interpreting device (19) comprises a non-volatile electronic write / read memory (31) in which the programmed address codes, command codes and data codes are stored and, if necessary, re-entered. Device according to Claim 9, characterized in that the re-entry of the code stored in the read / write memory (31) can be controlled from the transmitter via the supply network. 16 92263