FI89382C - VAEVT TYG OCH FOERFARANDE FOER DESS FRAMSTAELLNING - Google Patents

Description

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Woven fabric and its manufacturing method

The invention relates to a woven fabric made of yarns 5 of separate staple fibers and comprising 8 to 70% of high modulus organic staple fibers having a modulus greater than 200 g / dtex and 30 to 92% of low modulus organic staple fibers having a modulus of less than 100 g / dtex; and a method of making such a fabric, wherein the woven fabric having a fabric density of greater than 1.0 and a fiber density of less than 1.0 is treated by compression shrinking to such an extent that the fiber density of the fabric rises to a level greater than 1.0.

This invention relates to highly abrasion-resistant fabrics which have a pleasant feel and appearance and which can be used to make comfortable, long-lasting garments. Fabrics are made from high modulus (HM) and low modulus (LM) organic fibers.

Fabrics made entirely of high modulus (more than 200 g / dtex) fibers are useful in garments where abrasion resistance is an important factor. Their abrasion resistance when rubbed on hard surfaces is relatively high compared to fabrics made from low modulus fabrics (less than 25,100 g / dtex). But fabrics made from high modulus fibers have substantially worse aesthetic quality and comfort than fabrics made from low modulus fibers. It is desirable for garments to combine both the aesthetic quality and comfort of fabrics made from small modulus fibers such as cotton and the abrasion resistance of fabrics made from high modulus fibers such as poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPD-T).

Performance in abrasion tests is usually good: 35 indication of expected service life. Fabrics with good seasonal durability on hard surfaces and with a pleasant feel and appearance are expected to be useful in many types of garments, especially garments held in steel mills and coal mines.

5 An example of a fabric of various fibers currently available that is both comfortable and durable is a 3 x 1 plain fabric containing 70% cotton, 15% nylon and 15% polyester. Its Viyzenbeek specific abrasion resistance (defined below 10) is about 1 to 1.5 cycles / g / m2.

When rubbed on hard surfaces, cotton fabrics have low abrasion resistance and fabrics made of PPD-T have relatively high abrasion resistance. But in the prior art, fabrics made from blends of PPD-T and cotton blends have only slightly better abrasion resistance than full cotton fabrics and substantially less than full PPD-T fabrics.

The abrasion resistance of garments has been improved by the use of thermoplastic patches attached to areas prone to heavy wear and tear. But the fabric stiffness of the patch is high, the moisture permeability is poor and the patch can come off.

The object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks. This is achieved by weaving the fabric, which according to the invention is characterized in that the warp yarns of the fabric contain at least 15% high modulus organic fibers and that the fabric has a fabric density of more than 1.0 and a fiber density of more than 1.0, and by a method which according to the invention is characterized in that the compression shrinkage is applied to the low modulus staple fibers by mercerization or flame retardant treatment when the low modulus fibers are cotton, or by autoclaving when the low modulus fibers are organic man-made fibers, preferably polyamide.

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In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to e.g. to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figures 1A and 1B schematically show a top view and a side view of the fabric of the invention, respectively.

5 In the figure viewed from one side, the area bounded by the circle is an abraded point on the fabric.

Figures 2A and 2B schematically show the raw fabric from above and from the side, respectively, having the same structure and basis weight as in Figs. 1A and 1B. In the top view, the area bounded by the circle is an abraded point on the fabric.

A fabric has now been invented which is made of high modulus and low modulus, separate organic staple yarns and in which the Textile feel and appearance are pleasant and which is exceptionally durable.

The fabric contains at least 15% staple fibers with a warp yarn modulus greater than 200 g / dtex. The fabric has 30 to 92% staple fibers with a modulus of less than 100 g / dtex and said fabric has a density of at least 1.0 and a fiber density of more than 1.0. Preferred fabrics Viyzenbeek-ominaishankauskestävyys fabric on at least one side of at least 25% and preferably at least 50% higher than the same side of the Wyzenbeek-ominaishan-25 kauskestävyys raakakudoksessa having a basis weight and structure are the same, and which is made of 100% minus high modulus staple fibers. In certain preferred fabrics, the Viyzenbeek specific abrasion resistance is at least on one side of the fabric and preferably on both sides. 30 is greater than 5 cycles / g / m 2, preferably greater than 10 cycles / g / m 2. The proportion of high modulus fibers in the warp yarns must be at least 15% to achieve good abrasion resistance and must be 8 to 70% of the total weight of the fabric. Larger amounts would make the fabric 35 stiff and rough and devoid of a pleasant Textile feel 4 39382 and appearance. It is advantageous that the warp yarn contains at least 30% of low modulus staple fibers. The filler yarns of the woven fabric may or may not have high modulus fibers. In certain preferred fabrics, the warp yarn 5 consists of a thoroughly blended mixture of curled staple fibers. Unless otherwise stated, the proportion of staple fibers in the fabric is expressed as a percentage by weight.

In one embodiment of the invention, the warp yarns from which the fabrics are woven are nested component fibers made of crimped staple fibers, in which the high modulus fibers form a core which is locked in place by a sheath of low modulus man-made fibers. Autoclaving the raw fabric can be 15 to provide a shrinkage, which is necessary to obtain a fabric having a Wyzenbeek-ominaishankauskestävyys of at least 25% greater than the raw fabric of the same side Wyzenbeek-ominaishankauskestävyys, the structure and basis weight of a tissue are the same, and which is made of 100% minus 20 high modulus staple fibers. Autoclaving can be performed by allowing high pressure steam to act on the raw tissue rolls in the autoclave. The exposure time and temperature are conventional in the art to induce relaxation or crystallization of man-made fibers, e.g., to shrink the fabric by about 5%. This process is an efficient shrinkage process if the fabric to be treated contains at least 30% heat-shrinkable, low modulus fibers such as nylon, polyester or other man-made fibers.

In another embodiment of the invention, a fire retardant treatment of a fabric woven from conventionally spun yarns having the required amount of high modulus fibers, i.e. at least 15% and at least 30% cotton, in the warp yarns may cause sufficient shrinkage to obtain the fabrics of the invention. The fabric is treated with fire retardant: tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride-5 8 9 3 8 2 urea condensate and cured. In this process, the raw tissue is washed, dried and drawn through an aqueous solution in which the phosphonium compound is absorbed by the cotton. The fabric is then substantially dried (to a water content of less than about 15% by weight of the fabric) and then the fabric is treated with liquid or gaseous ammonia in a manner known in the art. The fabric is then usually rinsed and dried while being tensioned in the warp direction, but not held in the direction of the filler-10 material. When wetted with a phosphonium compound, the cotton fibers of the fabric swell strongly and then shrink as the swelling disappears at least partially during drying. Finally, the fabric that has undergone the fire retardant treatment is allowed to undergo the shrinkage treatment by pressing. If the fabrics 15 have been treated with flame retardants or other materials that permanently change their weight, the staple fiber composition is determined by the weight of the yarns and fabrics after the fabrics have been treated and not before to determine the conformity of the fabrics to the invention. The products of the invention may further be made by mercerizing a woven fabric having warp yarns spun from at least 15% high modulus fibers and at least 30% cotton in the fabric to achieve the desired shrinkage and obtain the products of the invention. Mercerization is generally performed by drawing the crude tissue through an alkali solution having an alkali content of, e.g., 10 to 24%, at a temperature of about 82 ° C (180 ° F) for a relatively short period of time, e.g., 30 seconds. The applicant has found that double mercerization leads to the desired result. 30 The contact area between the fabric and the lye must be limited to prevent the breakdown of high modulus fibers. The fabric is then rinsed, neutralized with acetic acid and dried and tensioned at the same time in the direction of the warp, but allowed to be free in the direction of the filler. The wood wool fibers of the fabric swell strongly when the alkali solution is moistened and then shrink as the swelling disappears during drying. It should be noted that the graining treatment can change the weight of the fibers of the raw fabric to such an extent that the tapu-5 fiber composition calculated according to the weight of the treated fabric changes. After the mercerization treatment or treatments, the fabric can also be shrink-treated in the usual manner by pressing.

To achieve the desired result, it is also possible to use one mercerization treatment followed by a slow-10 treatment.

In Example 10 below, multiple washing cycles of fabrics made from nested component fibers are used as a method to achieve the required degree of shrinkage.

In all the methods described above, the low modulus fibers shrink in the woven fabric so that they bind, i.e. lock, the high modulus fibers in place and achieve the abrasion resistance described below the fabric. When the fabric contains high modulus fibers that are shrinkable and retain their high modulus properties after shrinking, the desired result can be achieved by shrinking the high modulus fibers in addition to or instead of shrinking the low modulus fibers. Irrespective of the treatment method 25, the density of the fabric to be treated must be greater than 1.0 and the density of the fibers less than 1.0. The shrinkage treatment must be sufficient to increase the density of the fibers by more than 1.0 as measured below to achieve the abrasion resistance of the fabrics of the present invention.

The high modulus staple fibers and the low modulus staple fibers are textile fibers having a length corresponding to the garment, i.e. less than 10 dtex per fiber, preferably less than 5 dtex per 35 fibers. Curled fibers are particularly preferred textile I, 7 39382

Iin for the pleasure and processability of the feel and appearance. The fabric is made of separate staple fibers, i.e. staple fibers that are not fused or bonded together.

5 The process for making a fabric consists of the steps of weaving the fabric from warp yarns having at least 15% staple fibers with a modulus greater than 200 g / dtex and 30 to 92% fabric staple fibers having a modulus less than 100 g / dtex, and 10 fabrics are treated to achieve the required degree of fabric and fiber tightness.

It is believed that the unexpectedly good abrasion resistance of the fabric of the invention made from high modulus and low modulus fibers is due to the fact that the high modulus fibers are firmly in place at many points on the fabric. When the fabric wears, the broken fibers (including those with a high modulus) are not so easily detached from the fabric because they are constantly locked in place. Instead of detaching from the fabric 20, they remain in the fabric as lint, which in turn prevents further wear of the fabric. In this way, broken warp yarns of high modulus fibers form a buffer between the wearing and intact fibers of the fabric. Because high-modulus fibers like 25 wear slowly, such a buffer greatly reduces additional damage. If the high modulus fibers are not locked in place, wear of the fabric would likely cause the broken fibers to come off the fabric without protecting the remaining fabric.

30 The images help to understand the mechanism believed to lead to the described behavior. The two figures illustrating the fabrics of the invention are schematic. Figure 1A shows the fabric 2, the plain woven fabric of the warp yarns 3 and the filling yarns 4. The area 5 bounded by the circle shows the heavily worn area of the fabric. The roughened zones β - · 5 3 82 keet 6 show a bristle-like pile formed by broken warp fibers locked in the fabric. Fig. 1B is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 1A taken along line 1A-1A and shows warp yarns 3 in which the fibers continue intact and fluffy warp yarns 7 in which the fibers are broken, including rigid, high modulus fibers.

Figure 2A schematically shows a raw fabric 8 having the same basis weight and structure as the kan-10 cabbage of Figure 1A, but with a circle-bound worn area 9 telling a different story. Few broken warp fibers, perhaps none at all, including high modulus fibers, are locked in place. Instead, the broken fibers are detached from the fabric, resulting in a fabric that is worn thin in the wear area shown in Figure 2B. Figure 2B is a cross-sectional view of the fabric of Figure 1A taken along line 2A-2A. Continuous abrasion consumes the fabric quickly punctures.

Because the fabrics of the invention have bristle fluff formed from broken warp fibers, the fabrics permeate significantly less air after wear than before wear. This differs from other fabrics which have the same basis weight and structure (e.g. from the raw fabrics from which the fabrics of the invention are made) and which, when worn, are slightly or better permeable to air. The air permeability of the fabric before and after wear is used as a measure of the ability of the fibers of the fabric to maintain the tightness as determined by the fiber tightness described below.

The fibers can be spun into yarns by a variety of spinning methods, such as, but not limited to, ring spinning, air nozzle spinning, and friction spinning.

An example of a high modulus fiber useful in the present invention is poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) staple fiber (PPD-T). This fiber can I: 9 9 9 3? 2 can be prepared as described in U.S. Patent 3,767,756 and is commercially available.

Other organic staple fibers with a modulus of 200 g / dtex or more, including but not limited to:

A high modulus fiber formed from a copolymer of a mixture of terephthalic acid and diamines comprising 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether and p-phenylenediamine is described in U.S. Patent 4,075,175.

A high modulus fiber made of high molecular weight polyethylene, solution spun into a gel fiber and then stretched, as described in U.S. Patent 4,413,110 and U.S. Patent 4,430,383.

A high modulus ultra-strong fiber 15 of polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of polymerization of at least 1,500 and produced by the dry nozzle-spinning process described in U.S. Patent 4,603,083.

A high modulus fiber spun from anisotropic, melt-forming polyester or mixed polyester and heat-treated after spinning, which belongs to the group described in U.S. Patent No. 4,161,470, U.S. Patent No. 4,118,372, and U.S. Patent No. 4,183,895. An example of such a polymer is a mixed polyester consisting of equimolar amounts of p-hydroxybenzoic acid 25 and 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid.

As used herein, the term "organic staple fibers" refers to polymeric staple fibers that contain both carbon and hydrogen and that may contain other elements such as oxygen and nitrogen.

An example of a low modulus fiber useful in the present invention when shrinkage is achieved by mercerization or flame retardant treatment is cotton. Other cellulosic fibers are also suitable, both natural fibers and man-made fibers, such as flax and rayon, but as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the treatment may need to be modified to achieve shrinkage. Wool fibers can be used. Many low modulus fibers of synthetic origin are nylon-6,6 and nylon-6 fibers, polyethylene terephthalate fibers and fibers of other polyesters, polyacrylonitrile and other acrylic fibers, polybenzimidazole fibers and poly (m-phenylene isoforms). phthalamide) fibers (MPD-I) are also suitable for fabric treatments of certain yarn structures such as autoclaving. The low modulus polyvinyl alcohol fibers described in U.S. Patent 2,162,950 can be used.

Compression shrinkage is a treatment often applied commercially to cotton fabrics and also to other fabrics normally to minimize subsequent shrinkage of the fabrics, and this procedure can be applied to the fabrics of this invention. This process is described in various references, e.g., Dr. Bernard P. Corbman, "Textiles: Fiber to Fabric," pp. 183-184 (McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY, 1975). In the compression shrinking process, the fabric is moistened with clean water and fresh steam, gripped by the fabric 20 by stretching and pressed firmly against a sturdy, controlled stretched felt and allowed to return to the desired length and forced to follow and shrink evenly to the fabric. When applied to the cotton-containing fabrics of this invention, compression shrinkage is normally the final step after the flame retardant treatment or mercerization.

During the manufacture of the fabrics of the invention, self-lubricating resins may be added thereto. The fabrics can be subjected to a number of other conventional fabric treatments. It is advantageous that the additives in the fabric are in the range from 0 to 5% by weight, based on the weight of the fabric.

Test methods and determinations

Preparation of fabrics for tests and determinations 35 All fabric tests and measurements in which n 11 3 9 3 8 2 are determined for both raw fabrics and finished fabrics, e.g. basis weight and texture (density of warp yarns and weft yarns), preceded by five washing / drying cycles of the fabrics to be tested or measured. Each wash / dry cycle involves washing the fabric in a conventional household washing machine in aqueous sodium hydroxide pH 12 at 57 ° C (135eF) with stirring for 14 minutes and then rinsing the fabric at 37 ° C (100eF) and drying in a conventional tumble dryer after each wash to maximum dryness. lo-10 at a bubbly (maximum) temperature of 71 ° C (160 ° F), with a drying time of about 30 minutes usually required.

Prior to testing, specimens that have undergone five wash / dry cycles should be carefully avoided, e.g., in contact with foreign materials. In order to avoid changes in the fabric structure over time, testing and measurement of fabric samples will be performed soon, i.e. within a few days after the five wash / dry cycles.

20 Determination of Wyzenbeek Abrasion Test Values The Wyzenbeek Abrasion Test used in this modified form is a heavy abrasion test to test fabrics, at least some of which can be considered very abrasion resistant. Briefly, this is an experiment in which a device is used in which a semicircular drum oscillates in a 76 mm arc, first in the other direction and then in the opposite direction. Two flat rods are mounted on the surface of the drum parallel to each other and to the axis of rotation of the drum. On the surface of the drum is a Kiris-30 sandpaper sheet centered on flat bars. The device has clamps that hold the fabric sample above a stationary sheet of sandpaper and in contact with it with a predetermined compressive force. A drum on which a sheet of sandpaper is mounted on the bars of the lit-35 roads to localize the abrasion effect is rounded back and forth below the fabric sample so that the sheet of sandpaper rubs the fabric sample (each double rub on the sandpaper sheet) in one direction, once in each direction . The number of rotation cycles up to the wear of the fabric is reported as the abrasion test value.

In the above paragraph, the test is described in summary form and the procedure used herein is based on the actual test method described in Research 10 Disclosure, October, 1988. Publication Item No. 29405, "Modified Wyzenbeek Abrasion Test," pp. 707-709. The difference is that fabric samples are prepared for testing by undergoing five wash / dry cycles as described above and that the number of cycles to break wear is reported as the number of cycles applied to the fabric until a hole appears in the fabric sample at the intersection of the warp yarn and filler yarn. The operation is also such that, when testing stressed samples during abrasion, the device is stopped and the tension is adjusted so that the tension levers do not fall more than 2 cm from the original horizontal setting. The average number of cycles thus determined for puncture wear is used to determine the Wyzenbeek specific abrasion resistance.

25 Wyzenbeek specific abrasion resistance

Once the average number of cycles to break wear has been calculated as described above, a further calculation is performed in which the average number of cycles to break wear is divided by the basis weight of the fabric in g / m 2. This value, i.e. the average number of cycles-30 divided by the basis weight of the fabric in g / m 2, is called the "Wyzenbeek specific abrasion resistance". If the structure of the fabrics is asymmetrical, each surface is counted separately.

Determining Fabric Tightness - 35 The extent to which the yarns in the woven fabric have adhered

Il; 13: 9382 are defined as "fabric tightness" and are calculated as described in Research Disclosure, October, 1988, Publication Item No. 29498, "Calculation of Fabric Tightness Factor," pp. 833-836 (here the word "ker-5 roin" (factor) is omitted). In determining the density of the fabric, it should be noted that in the calculations, the length of the fibers in the fabric after any fabric treatment and five wash / dry cycles must be used as the fiber length mass. For cotton fibers, for example, the length weight value used in flame-retardant fabrics must be determined not only after the flame-retardant treatment but also after five washing / drying cycles. The length weight or cotton number is determined by removing the yarn from the washed fabric, stretching the yarn by hand to obtain the length of the yarn without curling the fabric, and then weighing the length measured yarn to determine the approximate length weight. The wire is then loaded at 0.11 g / dtex and the length of the loaded wire is measured. The length thus determined and the weight of the same yarn length are used to calculate the length mass used in the fabric density 20 formula.

Determination of fabric fiber density

The extent to which the fibers adhere to the woven fabric and resist tearing is pulled is defined as "fabric density", which is defined as follows. 25 Samples taken from each fabric are consumed by rubbing them in the direction of filling in a Wyzenbeek abrasion apparatus described in the test section above entitled "Determination of Wyzen-Beek abrasion test values" with the difference that the criterion for the number of cycles of wear is 30 the number of cycles applied to the fabric sample until that a hole has appeared in the fabric sample such that the warp and filler yarns have broken at the junction, or that sufficient warp yarns have been broken to expose 0.32 cm (0.125 in.) of filler yarn, 35 whichever occurs first. In the determination of fiber density 14 7 9 382, asymmetrically constructed fabric samples are always rubbed from the maximum warp run side of the fabric (the number of filler yarns over which the warp yarn passes between the bonding points). The side of the fabric where the warp run 5 is maximum is called the "long run side" and the other side is called the "short run side". Each fabric is initially subjected to an assay to determine the number of cycles required to puncture the fabric. Three samples of each fabric are rubbed with a puncture and the number of rubbing cycles required to rub the fabric with a puncture is obtained as the average of the punching rubbing cycles of these three samples.

To determine the fiber density, the test specimens of the fabrics are then rubbed so that the number of rubbing cycles is 50% of the number of rubbing cycles required to rub the fabric through the perforation. These rubbed fabric samples are then cleaned by keeping the center of the scrubbing area horizontal for 28 seconds in a vertical aerated water flow of 1.3 cm in diameter and a flow rate of 10 liters per minute at 6 ° C, varying the direction of flow every seven seconds. The water is aerated by feeding it through a fine-mesh metal mesh at the end of the water tap. The test samples are hung vertically in an oven at 90 ° C and dried for half an hour. Because the fabrics are stretched during abrasion, they are removed from the oven and stabilized by allowing them to recover for at least 24 hours.

The air permeability is then measured from the center of the most strongly rubbed area (the point where the centerline of the aluminum bars supporting the fabric when the drum is in the up position of the pendulum and the sample sides intersect at both ends of the sample outside the abrasion area following the method described in ASTM7). 75 (reaffirmed 1980) 35 "Standard Test Method for Air Permeability of textile li, is S 9 382

Fabrics "using an optional high-pressure device with a round opening, 2.86 cm (1.13 inches) in diameter, exposing an area of the fabric with an area of 6.45 cm2 (1 square inch). Pressure plates are coated with thin 5 felts to eliminate air leaks Testing with the same sample is performed at a pressure of 12.7 mm of water column (0.5 in.) through the fabric surfaces, and since only relative values and not actual air permeability values are required, the oil level values indicated by the device's vertical manometer are not converted to air permeability values. the oil level in the vertical manometer when tested outside the abraded area and the oil level when tested in the center of the most abraded area (both measurements from the same test specimen with the same nozzle) To avoid very uneven test specimens, the samples shall be rejected if outside the two abraded areas. the difference in the measurement of the advantage deviates by 40% from the average of the two values. The average of the three samples is called the air permeability coefficient.

20 The product of the air permeability coefficient and the warp run divided by 3.5 is calculated to two decimal places and is called the "fiber density". Reasonable results are obtained only with fabrics with warp run lengths of four or less. The number of filler yarns of the various conventional fabric types 25 over which the warp yarn passes between the binding points is shown below.

Chicken type Maximum warp run

Palttinasidos 1 30 3x1 file 3

Satin 3 2x1 twill “2 5 groups of stems 4x1 satin 4:35

. Q 7 P O

16 J * 0 yj L

As an example of the calculation of fiber density, 100% cotton plain weave raw fabric was prepared from ring spun yarns in substantially the same manner as the raw fabric was prepared in Example 4 below, except that fluffy 100% pima cotton was used. The double ring-spun yarns had a length of 583 dtex (nominal cotton number 20/2) and a 100% cotton raw fabric structure with 20 warp yarns per cm x 19 weft-10 yarns per cm and a basis weight of 278 g / m2. In the test, according to the fiber tightness determination method described above, three fabric samples were rubbed by a preliminary assay after an average of 50 abrasion cycles. The other three fabric samples were each rubbed for 25 cycles (50% of the average of the 15 cycles leading to blade wear), and rinsed and dried as above. Thereafter, air permeability was measured from each fabric sample rubbed for 25 cycles from the center of the most strongly worn area and from both ends of the sample (ends A and B in the table below) from outside ul-20 of the rubbing area. The values obtained in the determination of the air permeability coefficient were: Sample Oil level (cm) Oil level, Ratio no non-abrasive rubbed non-abrasive / - 25 areas area rubbed Head A Head B Average 1 18.8 17.8 18.3 19.05 18.3 / 19.05 = 0.96 30 2 20.6 21.6 21.1 21.6 21.1 / 21.6 = 0.98 3 20.3 20.6 20.45 20.1 20.45 / 20.1 = 1 , 02

Air permeability coefficient = average = 0.99 35 li 17 3 9 3 62

Thus, the air permeability x warp run of this 100% cotton plain weave fabric: 3.5 = 0.99 x 1: 3.5 = 0.28.

The fabrics of the invention have a fiber density of 1.01 or greater.

With the preferred, highly durable fabrics of the present invention, it has also been found that Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance is in itself a sensitive parameter for measuring whether high modulus fibers of a given fabric are locked in place in a given fabric. This can be determined by measuring the value of the Wyzenbeek specific abrasion resistance. A particular fabric is a preferred fabric of the invention if the Wyzenbeek specific abrasion resistance is at least 5 cycles / g / m 2, preferably 15 cycles / g / m 2.

Another criterion is that a particular fabric is a preferred fabric of the invention if the Wyzen-Beek abrasion resistance value of a particular fabric on at least one side of the specified fabric is at least 25% greater than the Wyzenbeek-han-20 seasonal strength on the same side of a reference raw fabric having the same basis weight and structure of 100% : high modulus fibers. The reference fabric, consisting 200% of high modulus fibers, shall be made of yarns of the same length and structure as the yarns from which the specified fabric is woven (eg yarns of the nested component type if the yarns of the specified fabric are of this type) , and the reference fabric, which is 100% composed of high modulus fibers, must also be substantially. 30 the same structure and substantially the same basis weight as the specified fabric. By "substantially the same structure" is meant that the fabrics are of the same type, e.g., plain weave, and that the density of the warp yarns and weft yarns does not differ by more than about 20% from the weft-35 yarns and warp yarns of a given fabric, and the total number of warp yarns per subunit) does not differ by more than about 10% from the total number of warp yarns and weft yarns of a given fabric.

By "substantially the same basis weight" is meant that the basis weight of the reference fabric does not differ by more than about 25% from the basis weight of the particular fabric. This allows a good comparison between a given fabric and a reference fabric made of 100% high modulus fibers if the comparison is based on the specific abrasion resistance of Wyzen-10 Beek.

If a given fabric contains additives and the weight of the additives is known, the reference raw fabric made of 100% high modulus fibers is made so that its basis weight is substantially the same as the weight of the specified fabric minus the weight of the additives, the yarn and the specified fabric having the same structure without additives. But when comparing fabrics based on Wyzen-Beek abrasion test values divided by the basis weight of the fabrics, the basis weight of a given fabric plus additives is used, although the period / g / m2 of a given fabric decreases in this way.

If a given fabric contains additives and the weight of the additives is not known, a reference raw fabric made of 100% high modulus fibers with substantially the same structure and basis weight as the specified fabric (with additives) is made from yarns of high modulus fibers with such a longitudinal mass. that the basis weight is the same as the specified fabric.

Example 1 A highly durable fabric of the present invention was prepared using a flame retardant swelling agent to treat a plain weave fabric woven from a yarn spun from a thoroughly blended two-component blend of 35 to 50% by weight of poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) staple fibers I: 19 39382 PPD-T) and 50% by weight of cotton in an air nozzle-rotor-spinner.

The PPD-T fibers used in the production of spun yarn were commercially curled fibers with a modulus of about 515 g / dtex, a length of 1.65 dtex (desitex) (1.5 dtex per fiber) and a cut length of 3.8 cm (1 , 5 inches) (available as Type 29 "Kevlar" aramid fiber, manufactured by EI du Pont de Nemours and Co.).

The picker blend with 50% by weight of PPD-10 T fibers and 50% by weight of pima cotton, with a fiber length of 3.65 cm (1-7 / 16 inches), was spun in one run in an air nozzle-rotor-spinning machine, e.g. generally disclosed and described in U.S. Patent 4,497,267 to Nakahara et al. (marketed as Type No. 801, Model No. 15 8100065 Murata Spinning Machine, manufactured in November 1981 by Murata KKK Kyoto, Japan). The machine settings are shown in Table 2. The fluff length was 2.5 g / m (35 grains / yard). The spun yarn thus formed had a length weight of about 300 dtex (nominal cotton number 20 20/1). The spun yarn was then twisted into an S-twisted yarn of 3.5 tpc (turns per cm) (9 tpi (turns per inch)) to produce a double spinning yarn having a length of 600 dtex (nominal cotton number 20/2, 546 denier).

25 The double spinning yarn was woven in shuttle loom fabrics into a plain weave fabric. The structure of the plain weave raw fabric had 19 warp yarns per cm x 19 weft yarns per cm (49 warp yarns per inch x 49 weft yarns per inch), a basis weight of 257 g / m2 (7.6 uns-30 pigs / square yard), a fabric density of 1.08 and fiber density 0.34. The Wyzenbeek specific abrasion resistance of Öe was 1.5 parts / g / m2.

An aliquot of plain weave raw fabric prepared as described above was taken (unwashed-35) from the looms and washed at 80-85 ° C, dyed at a boiling point of 20,589,382, and then the dyed fabric was treated with an aqueous solution of 2: 1 tetrakis ( hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (THPC) and urea condensate (flame retardant, available as "Proban 5 CC", manufactured by Albright & Wilson Inc., PO Box 26229, Richmond, Va.), followed by a curing process in which ammonia gas was passed through a moist (water content). 10-20% by weight), through a THPC / urea condensate treated fabric. The fabric was then rinsed and dried. 10 During this treatment, the fabric was not stretched in the direction of the filler yarn, but was tightened in the warp direction by pulling the fabric through a solution containing a flame retardant. The cotton fibers of the fabric swelled strongly when the fabric was in contact with the solution. This treatment 15 was performed with a THPC / urea condensate uptake of 20% by weight of cotton in 50% PPD-T / 50% cotton fabric. After this treatment, the fiber content of the fabric was 45% by weight of PPD-T staple fibers and 55% by weight of flame retardant treated cotton fibers.

20 The fire retardant treated fabric was then subjected to a conventional, commercial compression shrinkage treatment.

The finished (fire retardant, compression-shrunk) fabric had a structure of 20 warp yarns per 25 cm x 20 weft yarns per cm (50 weft yarns per inch x 51 warp yarns per inch), a fabric density of 1.18 and a fiber density of 6.67. Its Wyzenbeek specific abrasion resistance was 27.6 cycles / g / m2. Once the finished fabric was washed once, it felt relatively soft, it gave the impression of a dry, pleasant 30, and its wrinkles were well corrected, thus resembling a full cotton fabric.

The fabric density, fiber density, and Wyzenbeek specific abrasion-35 resistance of the finished fabric of Example 1 (fabric of the invention) and the finished fabrics of the other examples below are shown in Table 1.

li I

2i 8 9 3 8 2 Paltin-bonded raw fabric made from 100% PPD-T fibers, prepared in the same manner as the plain-bonded raw fabric of Example 1 and having the same basis weight. The Wyzenbeek specific abrasion resistance was only 4.6 cycles / g / m2. Even after several washes, it felt stiff and rough. When crimping the fabric, the wrinkles hardly stretched at all, which is typical of such fabrics made of high modulus fibers.

10 Example 2

A highly durable fabric of the present invention was prepared by double-mercerizing a twine fabric woven from ring-spun fibers consisting of thoroughly blended blends of PPD-T staple fibers, nylon staple fibers, and cotton.

A small mixture fluff was prepared with 25% by weight of blue-dyed PPD-T fibers having a length of 1.65 dtex (1.5 dtex per fiber) and cut to a length of 3.8 cm (1.5 inches), 20 weight -% of polyhexameth-20 leenadipamide fibers (nylon-6,6) with a length of 2,77 dtex (2,5 dtex per fiber) and a length of 3,8 cm (1,5 inches) (available as T-420 nylon fibers) EI de Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc.) and 55% by weight of combed cotton with a fiber length of 3 cm 25 (1-3 / 16 inches) and processed into a spun yarn of 3.6 cm with a conventional cotton system. threads per cm (tpc) (9.2 threads per inch (tpi)) Z-threads using a ring spinning frame. The yarn thus prepared was 972 dtex (nominal cotton number 6/1, 883 denier) one to 30 times spun yarn.

The simple yarn thus formed was used as a warp yarn in shuttle looms as a 3x1 right-handed twine structure using a single ring-spun filler fiber made of 30% by weight of the same nylon-6,6 fibers as the warp yarn and 70% by weight of the comb. . The twist and length of the fill yarn were the same as those of the warp yarn. The raw weft fabric had a structure of 25 warp yarns per cm x 19 weft yarns per cm (63 warp yarns per inch x 48 weft yarns per inch), a ne-5 basis weight of 498 g / m2 (14.7 ounces / square yard), a fabric density of 1.10 and a fiber density of 0.75 . The fiber content of the fabric was 15% by weight of PDD-T staple fibers, 24% by weight of nylon staple fibers and 61% by weight of cotton fibers. Its Wyzenbeek specific abrasion resistance value on the fabric long run (LF) side 10 was 1.2 cycles / g / m2, abbreviated 1.2 LF cycles / g / m2, and its Wyzenbeek specific abrasion resistance value on the fabric short run (SF) side was 1, 3 cycles / g / m2, abbreviated to 1.3 SF cycles / g / m2.

An amount of 15 raw weft fabric, as described above, having a width of 131 cm (51.75 inches) taken from the looms (unwashed) was prepared. It was washed in hot water and dried with slight tension in a stretch frame. It was then held 122 cm (46 inches) wide and mercerized in 24% sodium hydroxide-20 solution at 82 ° C for about 30 seconds, rinsed in water, neutralized, and dried over hot drums. The mercerization was repeated with the fabric held 114 cm (45 inches) wide. It was then stained blue continuously and dried at 82 to 83 ° C (180 to 181 25 ° F) on hot drums. After dyeing, it was compressed. The finished fabric (double mercerized, compression-shrunk) had a basis weight of 467 g / m2 (13.8 ounces / square yard). It had a structure of 25 warp yarns per cm x 18 weft yarns per cm (63 warp yarns per inch x 45 weft-30 kaa per inch), a fabric density of 1.10 and a fiber density of 1.34. It had a fiber content of 15% by weight of PPD-T staple fibers, 24% by weight of nylon staple fibers and 61% by weight of cotton fibers. The respective concentration values of the warp yarns were 25% by weight, 20% by weight and 55% by weight. Its Wyzenbeek specific abrasion resistance values were 4.4 LF and 4.4 SF cycles / g / m2. The finished fabric felt soft.

l! : 23 29382

Example 3

A highly wear-resistant fabric of the present invention was prepared in an autoclave as a heat-treated plain weave fabric woven as a single-spun yarn from 51% by weight of PPD-T staple fibers and 49% by weight of poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide) staple fibers. -I) made in an air nozzle-rotor-spinning machine in two passes through the machine.

The 10 PPD-T fibers used in the production of the spun yarn were the same as in Example 1. The MPD-I fibers used in the production of the spun yarn were commercially available crystalline fibers having a length of 1.65 dtex (1.5 dtex per fiber) cut to a length of 3; 8 cm (1.5 inches) (available as T-450 "Nomex" aramid-15 fibers, manufactured by EI du Ponti de Nemours & Co.).

First, 2.5 g / m (35 grains / yard) of PPD-T fibers were fluffed and spun into yarn in the air nozzle-rotor spinning machine used in Example 1. The length of yarn thus spun was 155 dtex (nominal cotton-20 yarn number 38). Then, in this first run, the yarn spun from PPD-T was used as a core yarn in the combined yarn by repeatedly feeding it through an air nozzle-rotor-spinner and attaching it to 2.5 g / m (35 grains / yard) made of MPD-I staple fibers and obtained alone -25 fold combined yarn. The machine settings for both the first and second runs are shown in Table 2. A simple composite yarn thus formed in which loose warp yarns of PPD-T fibers surround some of the PPD-T core yarn and also in the sheath some MPD-30 I fibers surround the PPD-T core yarn. The single yarn was then S-thread spun to produce a 3 tpc (7.5 tpi) spun double yarn having a length weight of 605 dtex (nominal cotton number 20/2, 550 denier).

The stranded yarn thus formed was woven into the genus. 35 in plain weave as plain weave fabric. The plain weave 24 3 9 382 raw fabric structure had 21 warp yarns per cm x 20 weft yarns per cm (53 warp yarns per inch x 52 weft yarns per inch), basis weight 277 g / m2 (8.2 ounces / square yard), fabric density 1, 13 and a fiber density of 0.56. Its Wyzen-5 Beek specific abrasion resistance was 4.2 cycles / g / m2.

The plain azidoxic crude tissue prepared as described above was taken (unwashed) from the looms and washed in an aqueous solution of 1% long chain alcohol sulfate surfactant and 1% tetrasodium pyrophosphate at 99 ° C (210 ° F) for 20 minutes, followed by rinsing for 20 minutes. minutes in 0.5% acetic acid at 71 ° C (160 ° F), cold calendered and wrapped over a tube that was placed vertically in an autoclave. The autoclave was evacuated and then the fabric was treated twice with steam for 20 minutes at 122 ° C (252 ° F) with between and finally five minute vacuum cycles. The finished (autoclaved) fabric had a structure of 20 warp yarns per cm x 22 weft yarns per cm (51 warp yarns per inch x 55 weft yarns per inch), basis weight 264 20 g / m2 (7.8 ounces / square yard), fabric density 1.13 and fiber density 1 , 13 and a fiber density of 1.25. Its Wyzenbeek-specific abrasion resistance was 6.3 cycles / g / m2. This fabric, which had a fiber content of 51% / 49% PPD-T / MPD-I fibers, felt soft, pliable, and relatively soft, and its wrinkles corrected well. The fiber content of the finished fabric was the same as the fiber content of the raw fabric.

A 100% PPD-T fiber plain weave raw fabric prepared in the same manner as the plain weave raw fabric of Example 3 and having the same basis pressure and structure had a Wyzenbeek specific abrasion resistance of only 2.3 cycles / g / m 2. Its feel was stiff and rough, much rougher than the finished fabric of Example 3. When the fabric was wrinkled, its wrinkles hardly stretched at all.

35 25 5 9 3 82

Example 4

In the same manner as in Example 1, a flame retardant was used to treat plain weave raw fabric woven from yarn spun from 5 thoroughly blended two-component blends of 50% by weight of PPD-T staple fibers and 50% by weight of pima cotton, with the difference that a ring frame was used. ragged yarn instead of yarn made in an air nozzle-rotor-spinning machine. The same 50% by weight of the same PPD-T fibers used in Example 1 and 50% by weight of pima cotton with a fiber length of 3.65 cm (1-7 / 16 inches) were prepared and processed in a conventional process. in a cotton system into a spun yarn with 7.1 tpc (18 tpi) Z-threads using ring spinning machines. The yarn thus prepared was S-twisted into a 4.3 tpc (11 tpi) spun double yarn having a length weight of 614 dtex (nominal cotton number 20/2, 558 denier).

The spun double yarn was woven in succulent fabrics into a plain weave fabric. The structure of the plain-20 dox raw fabric had 19 warp yarns per cm x 21 weft yarns per cm (49 warp yarns per inch x 53 weft yarns per inch), basis weight 261 g / m2 (7.7 ounces / square yard), fabric density 1.10 and fiber density 0.34. Its Wyzenbeek specific abrasion resistance was 2.2 cycles / g / m2. An aliquot of plain weave raw fabric was taken (unwashed) from the looms and washed, dyed, treated with a flame retardant, cured with ammonia gas, rinsed, dried and allowed to undergo a commercial compression shrinkage treatment as in Example 1 above. This treatment was performed so that the uptake of THPC / urea condensate was 20% by weight based on the weight of 50% PPD-T- / 50% cotton in the cotton fabric. After this treatment, the fiber content of the fabric was 45% by weight of PPD-T staple fibers and 55% by weight of fire-slow-treated cotton fibers.

26 39382

The finished (fire retardant and compression shrinkable) fabric had a structure of 20 warp yarns per cm x 21 weft yarns per cm (50 warp yarns per inch x 53 weft yarns per inch), basis weight 301 g / m2 (8.9 ounces / -5 square yards), fabric density 1.13 and fiber density 2.90. Its Wyzenbeek specific abrasion resistance was 21.4 cycles / g / m2. The finished fabric resembled in feel and appearance the fabric of Example 1 of the invention.

A 100% PPD-T fiber plain weave raw fabric prepared in the same manner as the plain weave raw fabric of Example 4 of this patent application and having the same basis weight and structure had a Wyzenbeek specific abrasion resistance of only 3.2 parts / g / m 2. It felt stiff and rough.

15 Example 5

In the same manner as in Example 4, a flame retardant swelling agent was used to treat the plain weave fabric woven from the ring-spun yarn, except that the yarn was made from a thoroughly blended 20 two-component blend fluff with 25% by weight PPD-T staple fibers and 75% by weight pima cotton.

The procedure of Example 4 was repeated except that a small blend fluff containing 25% by weight of PPD-T staple fibers and 75% by weight of the same pima cotton was used to produce 25 double ring spun yarns with equal numbers of Z-threads and S-threads. The yarn length was 649 dtex (nominal cotton number 18/2, 590 denier).

The double spun yarn was woven in shackle-30 lacquer trees into plain weave fabric. The plain weave raw fabric structure had 19 warp yarns per cm x 18.5 weft yarns per cm (49 warp yarns per inch x 47 weft yarns per inch), basis weight 275 g / m2 (8.1 ounces / square yard), fabric density 1.06, and fiber density 0 , 29. Its Wyzen-35 Beek specific abrasion resistance was 1.05 cycles / g / m2.

li 27 3 9 3 8 2

The finished (flame retardant and compression shrinkable) fabric was then prepared as described in Example 4. The treatment was carried out so that the uptake of THPC / urea condensate was 20% by weight based on the weight of the cotton contained in the 25% PPD-T / 75% wood-5 wool fabric. After this treatment, the fiber content of the fabric was 22% by weight of PPD-T staple fibers and 78% by weight of flame retardant treated cotton fibers. The finished fabric had a structure of 20 warp yarns per cm x 18.5 weft yarns per cm 10 (51 warp yarns per inch x 47 weft yarns per inch), a basis weight of 301 g / m2 (8.9 ounces / square yard), a fabric density of 1.13 and a fiber density 1.25. Its Wyzenbeek specific abrasion resistance was 5.3 cycles / g / m2. The finished fabric was very similar in feel and appearance to a fire-retardant hand-15 tent fabric with the same structure and basis weight.

Example 6

In the same manner as in Example 1, a flame-retardant swelling agent was used to treat a plain weave fabric woven from air-nozzle-rotor-crimp-20 spun yarn, except that the yarn was a spun yarn spun from 58% by weight PPD-T staple fibers and 42 % by weight of pima cotton in two passes through the machine.

First, 2.5 g / m (35 grains / yard) of '25 PPD-T fibrous fluff was prepared and spun into yarn in an air nozzle-rotor spinning machine using the method described in Example 3 to obtain a yarn spun from 100% PPD-T, 155 dtex ( cotton number 38). The spun PPD-T yarn made in the first run was then used as a core yarn 30 to make the combined yarn by re-feeding it through an air nozzle-rotor spinner and attaching to it 3.9 g / m (55 grains / yard) pima cotton fluff with a fiber length of 3.65 cm (1-7 / 16 inches), and a simple combined yarn was obtained. The machine settings for both ·· 35 first and second runs are shown in Table 2.

28 89382 The combined composite yarn thus formed had a length length of 245 dtex and was a nested component yarn in which, in a bundled structure, PPD-T fibers surround some PPD-T fibers in the PPD-T core yarn and some wood-5 wool fibers in the sheath also surround PPD-T. -ydinlankaa. The single combined yarn was then twisted into a spun double yarn with 3.0 tpc (7.5 tpi) S-threads having a length of 530 dtex cotton number 22/2, 482 denier).

10 The double spun yarn was woven in shuttle fabrics into plain weave fabric. The raw fabric structure had 20 warp yarns per cm x 19 weft yarns per cm (52 warp yarns per inch x 49 weft yarns per inch), a basis weight of 234 g / m2 (6.9 ounces / square yard), a fabric density of 15 1.07 and a fiber density of 0.33 . Its Wyzenbeek specific abrasion resistance was 3.3 cycles / g / m2.

An aliquot of plain weave raw fabric was taken (unwashed) from the looms and washed, dyed, treated with a flame retardant swelling agent, cured with ammonia gas, rinsed, dried and allowed to undergo a conventional compression shrinkage treatment as in Example 1 above. This treatment was performed so that the uptake of THPC / urea condensate was 20% by weight 58% PPD-T / 42% by weight of the cotton contained in the cotton fabric. After this treatment, the fiber content of the fabric was 53% by weight of PPD-T staple fibers and 47% by weight of flame retardant cotton fibers.

The finished (fire retardant and compression-shrinked) fabric had a structure of 21 warp yarns per 30 cm x 19 weft yarns per cm (52 warp yarns per inch x 48 weft yarns per inch), basis weight 247 g / m2 (7.3 ounces / square yard), fabric density 1.05 and fiber density 2.14. Its Wyzenbeek specific abrasion resistance was 8.3 cycles / g / m2.

The feel of the finished fabric was quite soft, although at 35 it felt a little rougher than the fabric of Example 5.

29 3 9 3 8 2

In general, the higher the proportion of PPD-T fibers, the greater the stiffness, the rougher the feel and the worse the straightening of wrinkles.

Example 7 A highly durable fabric of the present invention was prepared using a flame retardant swelling agent to treat a woven twill fabric woven from spun warp yarn having 50% by weight of PPD-T staple fibers and 50% by weight of pima-cotton-10a, and made in an air nozzle-rotor-spinning machine in two passes through the machine, and a full cotton filling yarn.

In the same manner as in Example 6, 2.5 g / m (35 grains / yard) of PPD-T fibrous fluff was first prepared, which was spun 100% from PPD-T into a spun yarn in an air nozzle-rotor-spinning machine, 153 dtex (wood-wool number 38). The yarn spun from PPD-T made in the first run was then used as a core yarn to make the combined yarn by re-feeding it through an il-20 blower-rotor spinning machine and attaching it to a 2.5 g / m (35 grains / yard) pima cotton fluff with a fiber length of was 3.65 cm (1-7 / 16 inches) of a simple composite yarn which was a nested component yarn having the same bundle structure as the yarn-25 gan of Example 6. The machine settings for both the first and second runs are shown in Table 2. The single combined yarn was then twisted into a double spun yarn with 3 tpc (7.5 tpi) S-threads and a length of 617 dtex (nominal cotton number 19/2,. 30 561 denier ) The twisted yarn thus formed was used as a warp yarn in shuttle looms in a 3x1 twine structure and in addition 4.3 tpc (11 tpi) of simple Z-thread spun 100% pima cotton with a length of 820 dtex (nominal cotton number 30 89382) was used. / 1, 745 denier) in a filler for weaving twine fabric. The twine yarn structure had 30 warp yarns per cm x 20 weft yarns per cm (76 warp yarns per inch x 50 weft yarns per inch), basis weight 400 g / m2 (11.8 uns-5 pigs / square yard), fabric density 1.08 and fiber density 0.77 . The fiber content of the fabric was 28% by weight of PPD-T tapuli fibers and 72% by weight of cotton. Its Wyzenbeek specific seasonal strength values were 3.1 LF and 0.9 SF cycles / g / m2, respectively.

An aliquot of twine raw fabric was taken (unwashed) from the looms and washed, dyed, treated with a flame retardant swelling agent, cured with ammonia gas, rinsed, dried and subjected to a commercial compression shrinkage treatment as in Example 1 above. This treatment was performed with a THPC / urea condensate uptake of 20% by weight based on the weight of the cotton contained in the 28% PPD-T / 72% cotton fabric. After this treatment, the fiber content of the fabric was 23% by weight of PPD-T staple fibers and 77% by weight of fire-slow-treated cotton fibers. The corresponding concentrations in the warp yarn were 45% by weight and 55% by weight.

The finished (fire retardant and compression shrinkable) twine fabric had 29 warp yarns per cm x 20 weft yarns per cm (74 warp yarns per 25 inch x 50 weft yarns per inch), basis weight 447 g / m2 (13.2 ounces / square yard) , a fabric density of 1.09 and a fiber density of 2.06. Its Viyzenbeek specific abrasion resistance values were 7.8 LF and 18.7 SF cycles / g / m2, respectively.

The finished fabric matched the elasticity of the fabric, the straightening of the crease-30 and the softness of the feel of the full cotton linen fabric.

Example 8

A highly durable fabric of the present invention was prepared using a flame retardant wetting agent to treat a satin fabric woven from a spun warp yarn having 50% by weight of PPD-T staple fibers and 50% by weight of pima. -cotton and made in an air nozzle-rotor-spinning machine in two runs through the machine, and a full cotton filling yarn.

5 A certain amount of double spun yarn used in Example 7 for weaving twine fabric was also used as warp yarn for weaving satin fabric so that the filler yarns were double 7 tpc (18 toi) Z-thread ring spun yarns of 100% 10 pima cotton with a length of 567 dtex (nominal cotton number 20/2, 515 denier). The fiber content of the fabric was 30% by weight of PPD-T staple fibers and 70% by weight of cotton. The structure of the satin raw fabric had 35 warp yarns per cm x 24 weft yarns per cm (88 warp-15 mils per inch x 60 weft yarns per inch), basis weight 413 g / m2 (12.2 ounces / square yard), fabric density 1.13 and fiber density 0.94 . Its Wyzenbeek specific abrasion resistance values were 3.3 LF and 0.97 SF cycles / g / m2, respectively.

The finished (fire retardant treated and compression shrunken) satin fabric was then prepared using the same method used to prepare the finished twill fabric of Example 7 from its corresponding raw fabric. The treatment was carried out so that the uptake of THPC / urea condensate was 20% by weight 30% PPD-T / 70% by weight of the cotton contained in the cotton fabric 25. After this treatment, the fiber content of the fabric was 27% by weight of PPD-T staple fibers and 73% by weight of flame retardant treated cotton fibers. The respective concentrations of warp yarns were 45% by weight and 55% by weight. In the structure of the finished fabric. 30 were 34 warp yarns per cm x 24 weft yarns per cm (86 warp yarns per inch x 60 weft yarns per inch), basis weight 437 g / m2 (12.9 ounces / square yard), fabric density 1.13 and fiber density 2.48. Its Wyzenbeek specific abrasion resistance values were 14.5 LF and 11.2 SF cycles / g / m2, respectively. 35 32 3 9 38 2

The finished fabric corresponded to a full cotton linen fabric in terms of fabric elasticity, wrinkle straightening and feel of softness.

Example 9 In the same manner as in Example 7, a fire retardant swelling agent was used to treat a twine woven from a warp yarn having 50% by weight of PPD-T staple fibers and 50% by weight of cotton and a full cotton filling yarn, except that the warp yarn was 10 ring spun yarns. was made from a thoroughly blended two-component blend fluff consisting of PPD-T fibers and combed cotton.

A weft blend was prepared from 50% by weight of the PPD-T fibers used in Example 1 and 50% by weight of combed cotton, 3 cm (1-1 / 16 inches) in fiber length, and processed into a spun yarn of 4 in a conventional cotton system. 7 tpc (12 tpi) Z-threads, using a ring spinning frame. The yarn thus prepared was a simple spun yarn, 516 dtex (nominal cotton number 20 11/1, 479 denier).

The simple yarn thus formed was used as a warp yarn in shuttle looms in a 3x1 twine structure, in addition to a simple 3.9 tpc (10 tpi) Z-crystal ring-spun 100% carded cotton-25 yarn with an average fiber length of 2.7 cm (1-1 / 16 inch). 837 dtex (nominal cotton number 7/1, 561 denier) as the filler yarn for weaving twine, with a raw fiber content of 29% by weight of PPD-T staple fibers and 71% by weight of cotton, 30 structures with 33 warp yarns per cm x 19 weft yarns per cm (85 warp yarns per inch x 49 weft yarns per inch), basis weight 404 g / m2 (11.9 ounces / square yard), fabric density 1.11 and fiber density 0.77, with Wyzenbeek specific abrasion resistance values of 0 , 8 LF and 0.7 35 SF cycles / g / m2, respectively.

33 8 9 38 2

The finished (fire retardant treated and compression shrunk) twine fabric was then prepared by the same method used in Example 7 to make the finished twill fabric from the corresponding raw fabric. The treatment was carried out with a THPC / urea condensate uptake of 20% by weight 29 PPD-T / 71% by weight of the cotton contained in the cotton fabric. Thereafter, the fiber content of the fabric was 25% by weight of PPD-T staple fibers and 75% by weight of flame retardant treated cotton fibers. 10 The corresponding concentrations in warp yarns were 45% by weight and 55% by weight. The finished fabric had a structure of 33 warp yarns per cm x 20 weft yarns per cm (83 warp yarns per inch x 50 weft yarns per inch), a basis weight of 437 g / m2 (12.9 ounces / square yard), a fabric density of 1.11 and a fiber density of 15 l, 31. Its Wyzenbeek specific abrasion resistance values were 5.1 LF and 8.5 SF cycles / g / m2, respectively.

Once the finished 25% PPD-T / 75% cotton fabric was washed, it had a dry, comfortable feel to the full cotton fabric and resembled a full cotton fabric with a soft-20 delta for wrinkle straightening and flexibility.

Example 10

A highly abrasion resistant fabric of the present invention was prepared by mixing in several cycles in hot, demineralized water and then drying in hot air a 3x1 twine woven from a nested component yarn having 40% by weight PPD-T staple fibers and 60% by weight in a comb made by friction.

3.2 g / m (45 grains / yard) of the PPD-T fiber fluff used in Example 1 was fed axially at a speed of 0.8 m / min in a friction spinning machine (DREF 3 spinning machine model no. 3E3000604, manufactured by Fehre Machine Co., Linz, Austria in 1983) between rotating rollers. At the same time, five 2.5 g / m (35 grains / yard) combed cotton mills with a fiber length of 3 cm (1-3 / 16 inches) were fed perpendicular to the PPD-T fiber fluff ratio at a rate of 0.315 m / min in the nipple area of two 2000 rpm rotary drums. 649 dtex (nominal cotton number 9/1, 590 5 denier) yarn with 40% by weight of PPD-T in the core and 60% by weight of combed cotton in the sheath was removed by drawing at 110 m / min. The yarn thus formed was used as a warp yarn in shuttle looms in a 3x1 twine structure, in addition to 3.9 tpc (10 tpi) of single-stranded ring-woven 100% combed cotton yarn 10 having a length of 836 dtex (nominal cotton number 7.0/1, 760 denier) as a filler yarn. The fiber content of the raw fabric was 23% by weight of PPD-T staple fibers and 77% by weight of cotton. It had a structure of 30 warp yarns per cm x 20 weft yarns per cm (76 warp yarns per inch x 50 15 weft yarns per inch), a basis weight of 416 g / m2 (12.3 ounces / square yard), a fabric density of 1.09 and a fiber density of 0.86. Its Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance values were 3.0 LF and 1.7 SF cycles / g / m2, respectively.

A certain amount of raw raw fabric was allowed to go through several cycles of alternately stirring at 60 ° C in demineralized water in a conventional home washer and drying in a conventional home dryer. The finished fabric, which had undergone 25 mixing and drying cycles in demineralized water, had a structure 25 of 30 warp yarns per cm x 20 weft yarns per cm (75 warp yarns per inch x 51 weft yarns per inch), basis weight 420 g / m2 (12.4 ounces / square yard). ), a fabric density of 1.10 and a fiber density of 1.37. Its VJyzenbeek specific abrasion resistance values were 8.2 LF and 2.0 SF cycles / g / m2, respectively. 30 The finished fabric looked like a full cotton fabric because the upholstered PPD-T was difficult to detect and the feel and wrinkle straightening resembled a full cotton fabric. The fiber content of the finished fabric was the same as that of the raw fabric.

35 li 35 53552

Example 11

In the same manner as in Example 2, a twine fabric woven from ring-spun yarns was double-mercerized, except that the warp yarn was made from 5 thoroughly blended two-component blends with 35% by weight of PPD-T staple fibers and 65% by weight of cotton, and the filler yarn was solid cotton yarn.

A small blend fluff containing 35% by weight of the blue dyed PPD-T fibers of Example 2 and 10% by weight of the combed cotton of Example 2 was prepared and processed into a spun yarn with 3.8 tpc (9.7 tpi) Z-threads in a conventional cotton system. using a ring-spinning frame. The yarn thus made was 971 dtex (nominal cotton number 6/1, 883 denier) a simple spun-15 spun yarn.

The yarn thus formed was used as a warp yarn in shuttle looms in a 3x1 right-handed twine structure, in addition to a simple, ring-spun 100% combed cotton yarn having the same twist and length. The twine yarn fabric structure had 22 warp yarns per cm x 18 weft yarns per cm (62 warp yarns per inch x 50 weft yarns per inch), basis weight 521 g / m 2 (15.4 ounces / square yard), fabric density 1.09, and fiber density 0.77. The fiber content of the fabric was 25 to 20% by weight of PPD-T staple fibers and 80% by weight of cotton.

Its Wyzenbeek specific abrasion resistance values were 1.3 LF and 1.9 SF cycles / g / m2, respectively.

Taken (unwashed) from a certain amount of loom fabric prepared as described above, the raw fabric-30 fabric was 132 cm (52 inches) wide. The fabric was washed in hot water and gently dried by stretching in a stretch frame to a width of 124 cm (49 inches). It was then allowed to rest 122 cm (48 inches) wide at rest and mercerized in 24% sodium hydroxide solution at 82 ° C (180 ° F) 35 for about 30 seconds, rinsed in water, neutralized, and dried on heated drums. It was then compressed. The mercerization of the sample, which was kept 114 cm (45 inches) wide, was repeated. It was then stained blue continuously and dried on drums heated to 82-83 ° C (180-1820F).

After staining, it was compressed again. This double-mercerized, compression-shrinkable fabric had a basis weight of 480 g / m 2 (14.2 ounces / square yard). It had a structure of 25 warp yarns per cm x 18 weft yarns per cm 10 (63 warp yarns per inch x 46 weft yarns per inch), a fabric density of 1.09 and a fiber density of 1.26. It had a fiber content of 20% by weight of PPD-T staple fibers and 80% by weight of cotton. The corresponding concentrations in the warp yarns were 35% by weight and 65% by weight. Its Wyzenbeek specific abrasion resistance values were 4.0 LF and 3.4 SF cycles / g / m2, respectively.

Example 12

Example 2 was repeated with the difference that the pitch blend fluff was made from 15% by weight blue dyed PPD-T staple fibers, 20% by weight nylon-20 6,6 fibers and 65% by weight combed cotton. The yarn thus prepared was a simple spun yarn having the same twist and longitudinal mass as the yarn of Example 2.

As in Example 2, the simple yarn thus formed was used as a warp yarn in shuttle fabrics in a 3x1 twine structure, in addition to a simple ring-spun filler yarn made of 30 weight percent nylon-6,6 fibers and 70% by weight combed cotton. The twist and length of the fill yarn were the same as that of the warp yarn, but both the right and left hand twine fabric (otherwise identical) were woven. Thus, the left hand twill fabric was a fabric in which the twine thread gangier was opposite to the direction of the twine. In the tables, these fabrics are labeled 12R and 12L, respectively. 35 The fiber content of these fabrics was 9% by weight of PPD-T staple 37 '. ·· 9 3 8 2 fibers, 24% by weight of nylon staple fibers and 67% by weight of cotton fibers. The original right-hand twine fabric had a structure of 24.4 warp yarns per cm x 17.3 weft yarns per cm (62 warp yarns per inch x 44 weft yarns per inch-5 mA), a basis weight of 505 g / m2 (14.9 ounces / square yard), cover density 1.10 and fiber density 0.74. Its Wyzenbeek specific abrasion resistance values were 1.0 LF and 1.2 SF cycles / g / m2, respectively. Corresponding values for the original left-handed twine fabric were not determined.

As in Example 2, each of these unwashed cored raw tissues with a width of 131 cm (51.75 inches) was washed in hot water, dried by gentle stretching in a stretch frame, kept at rest at a width of 122 cm (48 inches), mercerized in 24% sodium hydroxide solution at 82 °. At C (180 ° F) for about 30 seconds, rinsed in water, neutralized and dried on heated drums. The mercerization was repeated with the fabrics kept 114 cm (45 inches) wide. Thus, they were stained blue continuously and dried at 20 ° C (180 ° F). After staining, they were compression shrunk. The basis weight of the finished (twice mercerized and compression-shrunk) fabrics was 460 g / m2 (13.6 ounces / square yard) in the left-hand twine fabric and 471 g / m2 (13.9 ounces / 25-yard yard) in the right-hand twine fabric. The fiber content of the finished fabrics was 9% by weight of PPD-T staple fibers, 24% by weight of nylon staple fibers and 67% by weight of cotton fibers. The corresponding concentrations in the warp yarns were 15% by weight, 20% by weight and 65% by weight.

The finished right hand twine fabric structure 30 had 25 warp yarns per cm x 17 weft yarns per cm (63 warp yarns per inch x 43 weft yarns per inch), a fabric density of 1.11, and a fiber density of 1.08. Its Wyzenbeek specific durability values were 2.3 LF and 3.1 SF cycles / g / m2, respectively.

'. 35 38 and 9,382

The finished right hand twill fabric had a structure of 25 warp yarns per cm x 17 weft yarns per cm (63 warp yarns per inch x 44 weft yarns per inch), a fabric density of 1.11 and a fiber density of 1.03. Its Wyzenbeek characteristic-5 abrasion resistance values were 3.3 LF and 2.3 SF cycles / g / m2, respectively.

The results of the above examples are summarized in Table 1, where the abbreviations "small mode", "LF" and "SF" denote "small module", "long-10 run" and "short run", respectively. The ratio of PPD-T fibers to low modulus fibers shown in the table applies to the warp yarn, and the same ratio applies to the fabric in which the fill yarn and the warp yarn are the same. The ratio of fabric is shown separately in parentheses when the filler yarn and the warp yarn 15 are different.

ti 39 39 382

Table 2

Air nozzle open head spinner settings

Example No. 1 3 6 7

C / 8 C / S C / S

Fluff weight g / m 2f5 2.5 / 2.5 2.5 / 3.9 2.5 / 2.5

Speed m / min 160 160/160 140/140 160/160

Overall draw ratio 95 156/101 164/265 150/175 Main draw ratio 35 35/35 35/35 35/35

Input ratio 98 .99 / .99 .97 / 97 .99 / .99

Stretching choke, mm 4 3/3 4/4 3/3

Distance between roller and nozzle '39 39/39 39/39 39/39, mm 2

Air pressure kg / cm nozzle 1 3.5 4/4 3/3 3/3 nozzle 2 4 4/4 4/4 4/4:: Note. c / s = core / shell

Claims (18)

40 3 9 3 <3 2 A woven fabric (2) made of yarns (3, 4) of discrete staple fibers and comprising 8 to 70% of high modulus organic staple fibers with a modulus greater than 200 g / dtex and 30 to 92% of low Modular organic staple fibers with a modulus of less than 100 g / dtex, characterized in that the fabric warp yarns (3) contain 10 organic fibers with a high modulus of at least 15% and that the fabric (2) has a fabric density of more than 1,0 and a fiber density greater than 1.0. Fabric according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fibers having a small modulus and a large modulus are curled. Fabric according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the yarns in the woven fabric are yarns in the warp direction which consist of both high-modulus and low-modulus staple fibers and the yarns in the weft direction consist only of low-modulus staple fibers. Fabric according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the low-modulus fibers are cotton. Fabric according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the high-modulus fibers are fire-resistant and the cotton is treated to retard the fire. Fabric 30 according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that additives are added to the fabric in a concentration range of 0 to 5% by weight, based on the weight of the fabric. Fabric according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the warp yarn (3) is formed from a thoroughly mixed mixture of curled staple fibers. I; 4i. ? 3 ·: 2 Fabric according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the warp yarn (3) is a nested component yarn consisting of crimped staple fibers. Fabric according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the high-modulus fiber is a poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) fiber. Fabric according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the low-modulus fiber 10 is a synthetic fiber. Fabric according to Claim 10, characterized in that the low-modulus fiber is polyamide. Fabric according to Claim 12, characterized in that the low-modulus fiber consists of a mixture of cotton fiber and man-made fiber. Fabric according to Claim 12, characterized in that the warp yarn (3) contains at least 30% of low-modulus staple fibers. Fabric according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the fabric is a twine fabric in which the thread of the warp yarn is opposite to the twine direction of the fabric. A method of making a woven fabric according to claim 1, wherein the woven fabric (2) having a fabric density of greater than 1.0 and a fiber density of less than 1.0 is treated by compression shrinking to such an extent that the fiber density of the fabric rises to a level greater than 1. , Characterized in that the compression shrinkage 30 is applied to the low modulus staple fibers by mercerization or flame retardant treatment when the low modulus fibers are cotton, or by autoclaving when the low modulus fibers are an organic man-made fiber, preferably polyamide. 42 39382 A method according to claim 15, characterized in that the fabric is allowed to return to rest in the direction of the filling during mercerization. A method according to claim 16, characterized in that the fabric is mercerized once, dried and then mercerized again. Process according to Claim 15, characterized in that the flame-retardant treatment is treated with tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride diurea condensate and cured with ammonia. 43 3 3 82