FI84249B - Sail provided vessel - Google Patents

Description

84249

The present invention relates to a sailboat according to the preamble of claim 1.

The invention relates to shipbuilding, in particular to ships equipped with either a main or auxiliary sail.

A ship with a cantilever sail (Krjurchov Ju.S., Prestjuk I.E., Krylya oceana, L, 1983) with a few sails attached to the diameter plane of the ship and separate soft sails with a steering system is known. Disadvantages of such a structure are low aerodynamic power (lift coefficient is Cy max = 1) and difficulty in maneuvering.

Also known as Ju.S. Structures presented by Krjuchkov (Krjuchkov Ju.S., Perestjuk I.E., Krylya ocean, L, 1983) comprising a ship with sails placed on deck. A few strong wings pivoting about vertical axes are used as sails. The structure according to Krjuchkov achieves a high enough power. The structure also has shortcomings: reduced thrust when sailing at full course, difficulty in installation and dismantling, and low reliability in storm conditions.

Also known are sails mounted on an Aqua City vessel, consisting of two vertical masts mounted on each side of the vessel on deck so that they can pivot about their vertical axes. Hard, curved sails are attached to the mast. The masts have a drive that turns the sail and corrects it to the optimal angle to the blowing wind. These actuators are electrically connected to an automatic sailing control system comprising an on-board control computer, an automatic weather station and navigation equipment ("Sudostronie za rubezhom", 1985 No 6, 1986 No 12).

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However, the power of the sailed Aqua City is quite low. This is due to the poor thrust characteristics of each sail (buoyancy factor Cy max = 1.5) and the aerodynamic blind spot in the area of the downwind sail, which reduces the total power of the sails.

In addition, the control of a ship used as a tug with sails and various towing systems by means of a control computer, navigation equipment and an automatic steering system does not achieve optimal navigation characteristics on a sailing or motor sailing ship. This is due to the complexity of system interoperability (ship-towing system <-> external environment), i.e. changes in wind and wave loads, sea currents and the characteristics of the hydrodynamic loads of towing equipment and the ship.

In this case, the maneuverability of the ship becomes considerably more difficult, because the sail placed on the sides is very sensitive to changes in wind angle and, correspondingly, the thrust characteristics of the sails change sharply when the wind direction or strength changes randomly.

The object of the present invention is to increase the power of a ship equipped with a sail by improving its navigation characteristics and expanding its possibilities of operation.

Thus, the solution according to the invention may comprise the following solutions different from the Aqua City: - the masts have an articulation that allows them to deviate from the vertical plane, - the masts are equipped with an accessory, - the masts have an attachment device, 30 °, 3 84249 - the angle between the vertical axes of the left and right sails is between 0 and 30 °, - the sails have end plates, - the end plates are multi-parted if necessary, , - the vessel is equipped with an auxiliary sail, - the auxiliary sail is equipped with an approach angle mounting mechanism connected to an automatic steering system, - the automatic steering system is connected to a rudder stock, - the automatic steering system includes load cells installed on towed equipment. n to the cable wire attachment point, - the automatic control system is electrically connected to the operating winches of the towed equipment.

The invention is based on the fact that the masts are mounted on the hull of the ship with joints so that they can deviate from the vertical plane, and they are provided with an additional fastening device electrically connected to the automatic control system. The sails shall be provided with end planes and shall be installed at an angle not exceeding 30 ° from the vertical, the angle between the vertical axes of the left and right sails being 0-30 °. The end plates of the sails are made in several parts so that the parts can be moved relative to at least one block, and are provided with an accessory, 4 84249, which moves or rotates the block. An additional sail is installed at the bow or stern of the ship, e.g. a beam sail, equipped with an isher mounting mechanism mechanism associated with an automatic steering system.

To operate a sailboat as a tug for underwater equipment, e.g., with towed antennas and a diving ball 11a research vessel, the automatic control system further includes load cells mounted at the cable wire attachment of the towed equipment, and the automatic control system is electrically connected to the cable winches and stern winches.

More specifically, the sailboat according to the invention is characterized by what is set out in the characterizing part of claim 1.

The invention provides considerable advantages.

When the wind comes from the bow of the ship's cross line, e.g. in a storm, in calm weather or while in port, the sails can be assembled on a vessel according to the invention or (in the case of a hard sail) lowered on deck (Figure 2).

When a sail is used, for example, as a multi-part wing sail, the power of the sail increases by 20-50% compared to the prior art, depending on the wind direction.

In this case, the ship's operating efficiency also increases. The economy of the vessel will increase and the navigation characteristics will improve. According to preliminary calculations, a ship with a draft of 7,000 t and a sail area of 160 m 2 will reach a speed of 5-6 knots, which corresponds to a 20-30% reduction in fuel consumption for a motor sailing ship.

The invention will now be examined in more detail by means of application examples according to the accompanying drawings.

Figures 1a and Ib show side and top views of one base according to the invention.

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Figures 2a to 2e show top and rear views of a second vessel according to the invention and in particular the position of the sails in different wind directions.

Figure 3 is a graphical representation of the dependence of the sail thrust factor Ct on the wind direction and the angle between the longitudinal axes of the sails.

Figure 4 shows graphically the dependence of the thrust factor Ct on the area of the end plate.

Figure 5 is a block diagram of an automatic control system.

Figure 1 shows a ship with sails: ship hull 1, sail, e.g. strong split wing 2, end plate 3, horizontal axis of rotation 4, vertical axis of rotation 5, heeling drive 6, rotation drive 7, end plate extension 8, extension drive 9, towed device 10, auxiliary sail 11, rudder 12 and rudder 13.

Figure 2 shows a ship with sails and the position of the sails in the following situations: a) downwind, b) sideways (right sail tilted) c) crosswind (right sail lowered on deck) d) crosswind (right sail tilted) e) ship with sails lowered on deck. According to Figures 2b to 2e, the sails are articulated at the base to the hull of the vessel. As shown, the left sail is left-handed and the adjacent right sail is right-handed. The sail can also be formed so that both right- and left-handed sail elements overlap in the same sail unit.

Figure 3 shows a diagram of the dependence of the thrust coefficient Ct of a sail according to the invention on the wind angle and the angle between the vertical axes of the sails. On the horizontal axis, the wind direction is indicated by the angle p. The dashed curves a - e represent the values of the thrust factor Ct at different values of the angle Θ between the vertical and left sail vertical axes.

Figure 4 shows a diagram of the dependence of the thrust factor Ct on the area of the end plate. In the figure, the area 84249 of the end plate 3 s has been increased by an additional part 8, whereby the total area of the end plate additional part increases from left to right.

Figure 5 shows a block diagram of an automatic control system: computer 14, automatic weather station 15, navigation equipment 16, load cells 17, rudder 13, tilt drive 6, rotary drive 7, winch drive 18. The load sensors 17 are mounted on a cable wire of the towed equipment.

A ship with sails shall be operated as follows:

With the equipment 10 towed from the automatic weather station 15, the navigation device 16 and the load cells 17 down while the ship's computer 14 is down, the automatic system gives control commands to the rudder 13, which turns the rudder 12 to the for actuators 6 which set the sail masts at optimal angles with respect to the vertical which guarantee maximum values of the thrust characteristics. The bow sail 11, which is set by means of an automatic steering system and a mechanism for setting the angle of entry to the optimum angle, compensates for the aerodynamic torque generated by the change in the angle of travel of the vessel relative to the wind. Due to the sloping position of the sails mounted on the sides, there is no aerodynamic blind spot. This leads to a significant increase in the characteristics of cooperation and causes them to change simultaneously. In this case, even a momentary change in the direction of the wind causes the appearance of smaller additional moments turning the vessel. Additional moments are caused by changes in the thrust characteristics of the sails.

The towed equipment has a significant effect on the external load and can be used as an additional control system for the ship.

The thrust characteristics of the sails depend largely on the shape and area of the end plates 3. The absence or small size of the end plates 3 would reduce the power of the sail, which is particularly typical of the technical solution in question, and would therefore also reduce the power of the ship. However, placing the sails on the sides imposes strict restrictions on the shape and size of the end plates. The power of the sail can be increased by installing additional parts 8 in the end parts 3, which can be moved with respect to the end plates 3 and possibly other parts and thus adjust the effective surface area of the end plate 3 (Fig. 4).

When the sail deviates from the vertical by more than 30 °, the thrust is greatly reduced; however, an increase in the angle between the longitudinal axes of the sails of more than 30 ° does not increase the overall draft of the sails. The maximum draft of the sail, e.g. in a side wind, is achieved when the angle between the sails is about 20 ° (Fig. 3).

The proposed technical solution guarantees the necessary navigability and maneuverability of the vessel and enables the use of a sailed vessel in a qualitatively new scientific research system that provides reliable information on marine hydrology. Success is made possible especially by the ship's silence in relation to motorboats.

Claims (4)

8 84249 A sailboat with a steering system comprising a hull (1), at least two sail masts (2) fitted to the hull (1), comprising rigid sails and capable of being tilted vertically and rotatable about its longitudinal axes (5) by means of such actuators ( 6, 7) which can be connected to the ship's automatic steering system, characterized in that the adjacent sail masts (2) are mounted at the base of the hull (1) for joints for tilting, and the sail masts (2) are provided with end plates (3) and mounted up to 30 °: n with respect to the vertical, the angle between the vertical axes of the sails being normally adjustable between 0 and 30 °. A sailboat according to claim 1, characterized in that the end plates (3) are made in several parts so that at least one part (8) can move relative to the other parts by means of drive devices (9). A sailboat according to claim 1, characterized in that the end of the ship has an additional stabilizing sail (11), e.g. a sailboat, comprising an entrance angle setting mechanism electrically connectable to the automatic steering system. Ship with sails according to claim 1, characterized in that the sails (2) consist of at least two superimposed sail elements, one of which is left-handed and the other right-handed. 9 84249