FI83938C - GJUTFORM FOER ETT BYGGNADSELEMENT AVSETT FOER FRAMSTAELLNING AV ETT SNETT HOERN. - Google Patents

Description

1 83938

Mold for a building element for making an oblique angle.

The invention relates to a casting mold according to the preamble of claim 1 for a building element for making an oblique angle.

In the building construction industry, the use of prefabricated building elements has steadily increased. The main reason is the cost of construction, i.e. curbing the rise in labor and capital costs, especially by reducing construction time.

Until now, the building element industry has produced building elements that can easily support rectangular construction. This has also bound designers, as the implementation of other shapes raises costs unreasonably. The implementation of oblique angles and asymmetrical shapes has therefore been rare and exceptional.

When oblique angles have been reached in the construction, especially in the construction of the walls, the construction has in practice been carried out in such a way that the straight wall elements associated with the oblique angle are supported at the desired angle and apart from each other. A mold is then built into the corner, which is connected to the vertically supported wall elements, 25 and the interior of the mold is reinforced, finally the oblique corner is made by filling the mold with cast concrete. Such a working method, exemplified by U.S. Pat. 3357673 and DE-A-2063126, is slow and therefore significantly increases costs. The cost is further increased by the fact that the corner still needs to be finished with the necessary surface upholstery.

In addition, it is already known: the method proposed by DE-A-837821 to produce rectangular plates by fitting them in a plurality of successive rectangular corner elements; - a casting solution according to SU patent publication 414104, in which by means of a movable inner wall the casting mass is pressed against 2 83938 fixed outer walls, whereby the mass is made to solidify at a fixed angle determined by the outer wall; A mold lock for a construction site mold according to FI patent publication 33140, with which the mold walls can be locked to perform the casting 5 to the desired strength.

The solutions presented by these publications represent the traditional casting technique, the disadvantage of which is that the construction must adhere to casting on site on the one hand and at fixed angles on the other.

Mention should also be made of the adjustable mold solution for polygonal cavity castings according to the previously known DE patent publication 3516536. According to the teachings of the publication, in order to perform the positioning and turning of the two interacting collar parts, their end regions 15 on the opposite side of the boarding are provided with protrusions which are clamped by a clamping screw extending over the joining area of the two mutually rotating collar parts. By removing or moving the wedge, the angle setting of the adjacent casting blocks can be changed simply by turning the clamping sleeve 20 of the clamping screw, since the clamping screw is articulated to the protrusion. After setting, the wedge is locked, which locks the positioning of the collar parts and casting blocks. The weakness of the solution is that the halves of the mold are separated from each other and require both their own positioning means, and that the mold does not have means for closing the ends of the mold space. In this case, the alignment work first requires alignment and locking of each joint of either the outer or inner mold half and then alignment and locking of each joint of the inner or outer mold half, and finally centering of the inner mold half with respect to the outer to provide uniform casting. It may still be necessary to fine-tune the joints so that the corners of the polygonal cavity cast coincide. It is natural that such layout work is time consuming. Also, such teachings do not allow the production of solid casting 3 83938, e.g. for the production of oblique corner elements or columns in advance.

The primary object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages and weaknesses associated with traditional building construction, in particular the manufacture of all 5 oblique corners of houses, and to minimize the construction time and cost of houses, and to produce a new type of mold for a oblique corner building element. spot hitherto necessary corner casting.

These ends are achieved by a casting mold as mentioned at the beginning for a building element for making an oblique angle, the characteristic features of which are set out in the appended claims.

With the casting mold according to the invention, which has removable end walls, articulated side walls, and locking devices for the side walls, it is possible to prefabricate building elements for different angles and applications, i. special corner elements. Due to the articulation of the casting mold, the angle between the connecting sides of the corner element to be connected to the other building elements, which determines the angular deviation of the other building elements to be connected to the corner element, can be set and selected steplessly to optimally meet the respective needs, which has not been possible before.

One of the most significant advantages of the invention is that multifaceted construction at oblique angles can now be carried out without formwork, reinforcement and casting work on site. This shortens working hours and lowers costs.

In addition, it should be noted that the building elements may already have the final surface cladding ready, which further reduces the proportion of work required on site. It can also be stated that with the casting mold according to the invention it is also possible to produce so-called corner pillars necessary for column construction, which are then made in advance in the shape of the desired oblique angle.

4,83938

In particular, with regard to the above-mentioned DE 3516536, it can be stated that it is unnecessary to use special hinges to be mounted and locked around the mold of the solid casting articulated mold, The object of the invention can be realized simply by mounting the projections directly on the articulated mold halves and the setting screw on the projections. In order to ensure the arrangement, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a pin is used which fits into holes in the articulated mold halves or their extensions or in the projections therein and which coincide in the selected angular setting. The present invention is also characterized in that the halves of the mold are fastened to each other and the end closures of the mold are arranged between them. In this way, the other mold half also settles at an angle according to the selected angle setting and a closed casting space 20 is formed.

The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to a preferred embodiment thereof, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 shows a mold according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, Figure 2 shows part of a mold according to another preferred embodiment of the invention, and Figure 3 is a section along Figure 2. line III ... III.

The mold 30 of the corner building element shown in Fig. 1 consists of; - a first, two-part and foldable, sidewall part 1.13; A second, two - part and foldable, sidewall part. 4,16, 35 - from the first end wall part detachably fastened between the said side parts 5,17, 5 83938 - from the second end wall part 6,18 detachably fastened between the above side parts, and - from the locking means 9,19, 20,11 5 to lock.

As shown in Figure 1, the sidewall portions are on opposite sides of the mold and are preferably positioned parallel at a constant distance from each other. The halves of both the first side wall part and the second side wall part 10 of the casting mold each comprise two plate-like elements 1,2 and resp. 3,4, which define the inner side surfaces of the mold, and which are hereinafter referred to as the plate. Plates 1 and 2 and resp. 3 and 4 are connected to each other at their respective edges by a hinge 10, whereby plates 1 and 2 and resp. 3 and 4 15 can be turned relative to each other and thus set to the desired angle.

In order for the side wall parts of the casting mold to be sufficiently rigid, the plates 1 and 2 and resp., Plates 3 and 4 are provided with external support elements 13 and 14 and resp. 15 and 20 16, which are most preferably profile beams or tubes made of steel, fixed to the plates and at sufficiently small distances, at most about 50 cm, from each other.

In order to lock the halves 1,13 and 2,14 25 of the first side wall part at a desired angle, in the embodiment according to Fig. 1 at least one support element 13 of the plate 1 is provided with a rigid protrusion 9, for example welded to the support element 13 and projecting at a right angle, and at least one of the support elements 14 has a rigid extension part 19, which is preferably parallel to the support element 14 and located at the hinge end of the support element 14. Most preferably, the extension part 19 and the support element 14 consist of a single steel profile beam or tube, the projection part 9 and the extension part 19 overlapping when the angle between the halves of the first wall part is between 180 ° ... 105 °. provided with a plurality of spaced apart bores 20 into which a locking pin 11 can be fitted when one pair of bores 20 of the protruding portion 9 and the extension portion 19 are aligned. From a construction technical point of view, it is advantageous to be able to produce corner building elements which, with a view to modular construction, cover all angles or angular changes between 0 ° and 105 °. This can be achieved with the casting mold according to the invention, in the range of 0 ° to 75 °, e.g. by placing the bores at a suitable, progressively increasing distance between the halves of the side wall part at a suitable degree of angular change.

In addition to or as an alternative to the embodiment described above, a solution can be used to lock the halves 15 of the first side wall part at a desired angle, according to which the hinge 10 end of the plate 1 support element 13 has an extension 23 extending over the plate 2 support element 14. In this case, the extension 23 has an opening for the wedge bolt 12 and the desired angle is locked either by the wedge bolt 12 alone by tightening the underlying support element 14 and the extension 23 immobile relative to each other or by a locking pin 11 and the wedge bolt 12 fitted to the bores 20. In the latter case, the locking pin 11 is primarily intended to serve as a means for estimating the magnitude of the angle between the halves of the side wall 25, and the wedge bolt 12 is primarily intended to act as the actual locking means.

As can still be seen from Fig. 1, there are opposite side wall portions 1 and 3 of the mold and resp. 2 and 4 30 are connected to each other by threaded rods 7 extending from both aligned plates 1 and 3 and 2 and 4 and their support elements 13 and 14 and 14 and 16, which are thus in the same horizontal plane. The sidewall sections are supported by a standard, i.e. a distance corresponding to the desired wall thickness of the cast corner structure-35 element by sleeve means 8 perpendicular to and abutting against the inner surfaces 7 83938 delimiting the casting cavity of the plates 1,2,3,4. The thickness of the angled structural element to be cast can thus be adjusted by selecting the length of the sleeve means 8 to correspond to the desired wall thickness. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the threaded rods 7 and the sleeve means 8 are arranged in one another, whereby the removal of the threaded rods after casting is effortless.

Prior to the casting of the corner building element, the end wall parts 5.17 and 6.18 of the mold, which are similar in construction to the side wall parts 5, respectively, are fastened between the side wall parts 1, 2 and 3 connected to each other and locked at the desired angle. 6 and the spaced-apart rod-like support elements 17 and the like. 18. In this connection, it should be noted that for the operation of the invention, the wall surface delimiting the casting cavity of the end wall portions 5 and 6 need not be a planar surface, as in the figure, but may also be a shaped surface with a broken line, wavy line or the like. Furthermore, the end plates can be provided with guide means 21, in particular for inserting the thermal insulation into the mold.

In order to change the degree of angle of the mold, it is necessary that the side plates 1, 2 and 3,4 can be pivoted and fixed at a desired angle and distance, and that the end plates 5 and 6 can be moved relative to the side plates 1,2 and 3,4 and always fasten rigidly, e.g. with bolts 22 in a rectangular position between the side plates against them. This can be realized, for example, by providing the side plates 1,2,3,4 and their support elements 13, 14, 15, 16 each with elongate grooves or a plurality of spaced-apart bores through which the threaded rods 7 of the side plates and the end plates 5 and 6 fastening bolts 22. If the angular setting of the angle mold according to the invention 35 is chosen so that a part of the through-hole or bores of the end-plate fastening bolt in the side plates remains in the casting cavity, care must naturally be taken to close these openings. The simplest way to do this is, for example, with plugs or cover elements.

Before casting the corner building element, the necessary reinforcement and any surface cladding and, if necessary, thermal insulation are installed inside the casting mold. When using surface cladding or thermal insulation, the openings in the mold walls for the threaded rods 7 or locking bolts 22 naturally do not cause any leakage problems 10 because the outermost surface cladding or thermal insulation abuts the mold walls and closes all possible openings.

Figure 2 shows a part of a casting mold according to another preferred embodiment of the invention. This mold according to its second preferred embodiment differs from the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1 in that the hinged halves 3,15 and 4,16 of the second side wall part are provided with a steplessly adjustable angle adjustment and / or locking arrangement 24,25,26, which thus can be used in addition to or in addition to the adjusting and locking means according to the first preferred embodiment of the invention, and with which the halves of the mold wall parts can be set and locked steplessly to any desired angle between 180 ° ... 75e, corresponding to the angle change of the wall of the structure to be produced. ° ... 105 °.

As shown in Figure 2, the mold according to this embodiment includes as a means for setting and locking the desired angle 30 - a first projection 24, e.g. a metal bar fixedly fixed, e.g. by welding, to the support element 15 of the first half of the second wall part and preferably projecting at right angles , a second projection 25, e.g. a metal rod fixedly fixed, e.g. by welding, to the support element 16 of the second half of the second wall part and projecting therefrom, preferably at right angles, and 9 83938 - a threaded rod 26 arranged between the first and second projections to adjust the mutual position by means of it.

In order to be able to rotate the threaded rod 26 on the projections 24 and 25 5 and thus allow stepless angular adjustment of the mold, one end of the threaded rod 26 is supported on the first projection 24 in a lever-pivotable manner and rotatably about its own longitudinal axis. In addition, the threaded rod rod 26 is adapted to pass through an inner threaded sleeve body 28 which is pivotally supported on the second cantilever portion 25.

As can be seen from Figure 2, the pivotable and rotatable support of one end of the threaded rod 26 can preferably be provided by an ear-type support member 27 into which the end of the threaded rod 15 26 is axially pivoted, the threaded rod being pivotally rotated in the support member 27. , wherein the rotating support part 27 allows the threaded rod to rotate about its own longitudinal axis 20. Alternatively, other types of support solutions can also be used, e.g. a ball joint attached to the cantilever part, or a fixed support lug with a free-rotating end piece at the end of the threaded rod.

To rotate the threaded rod 26, one end thereof is shaped as a crank and the threaded rod 26 is adapted to rotate in a sleeve means 28 pivotally fitted to the second half 16 with an internal threaded rod counter-threadedly locked 30 around the locking pins 29.

Although the angle adjustment arrangement described above in connection with Figures 2 and 3 has been treated mainly as a complementary solution to the angle locking solution of Figure 15, it should be emphasized that it can also be used alone, in which case the dimensions and strength of the threaded rod 26 and its support must of course be greater considerations, or with the locking by means of the wedge bolt 12, of course, to provide the arrangement and locking of the side wall parts according to the invention at the desired angle 5. Another advantage is that the angle lock can be made steplessly adjustable thanks to the threaded rod.

The invention has been described above only by means of some preferred embodiments thereof. This, of course, is not intended to limit the invention, but can be considerably varied and combined in modification within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. Molding for a building element intended to make an oblique angle, which molding consists of: - two side walls (1.13; 2, 14; 3.15; 4.16), both of which are formed by each other with a guide member (10) leveled first half (1.13; 3; 15) and second half (2.14; 4.16) for turning them relative to each other in an selectable angular position, - gable walls (5, located between the side walls). 17; 6,18), and - adjusting and reading devices (7,8; 9,19,20,11; 12; 24,25,26) for adjusting and 1. reading both the selectable angle of the side wall and the side walls of Stalinina, characterized in that the reading devices consist of: - first reading devices (9,19,20,11; 12; 24,25,26) arranged at least in one of the two side walls (1,13,2,14 and 3, 15,4,16), for reading the angular position of the first half of the sidewall (1.13; 3.15) and the second half (2.14; 4.16), and - second reading devices (7,8) which are arranged between different sides walls belonging to the first halves (1.13 and 3.15) and second halves (2.14 and 4.16), for reading the mutual position of the two side walls, and that of the gable walls (5.17; 6.18) position relative to the sidewalls (1.13; 2.14; 3.15; 4.16) must be changed interchangeably depending on the angular position. Molding according to claim 1, characterized in that the first reading means comprise for reading the angular position of the first and second half of the sidewall (1.13 and 2.14): at least one rigid outlet part (9) protruding from the supporting element (13) of one half of the sidewall, preferably at a right angle relative to it, - at least one rigid extension member (19) projecting from the support member (14) of another half, preferably parallel to said exit portion (9). ) and extension member (19) are intersected where the angular position of the sidewall halves is between 180 ° ... 105 °, and said exit member (9) and extension member (19) are provided with a plurality of spaced apart heels (20), preferably drilling heels, in which a reading pin (11) may be provided where a pair of the outlet portion (9) and extension portion (19) heels (20) are adjacent to each other. 35 3. Molding according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the side (10) of the side (10) of the side member (13) of the side wall one half there is an abutment (23) extending on the supporting element (14) of the other side of the side wall. half, that the shoulder (23) has an opening for a wedge bolt (12), the angular position of the halves is readable by tensioning the supporting elements (13,14) of the halves in relation to each other by means of the 3 wedge bolt (12) arranged in the opening. 4. Molding according to claim 2 or 3. characterized in that the drill heels (20) are separated from each other at a distance which grows progressive and corresponds to the change in the angular position. 5. Molding according to any of claims 1 ... 4. characterized in that the first reading devices comprise: - the first outlet part (24), which is fixedly coupled, preferably at a right angle, in one half of the sidewall (3.15), - the second outlet part (25) which is fixedly coupled, preferably at a right angle, in the other half (4.16) of the sidewall, and - a rotatable control device (26) supported on the outlet members (24,25), preferably threaded bars supported from one end to turn the lever and in relative to its longitudinal axis rotatably against an outlet portion (24), and which is arranged to pass through a sleeve member (28) provided with an inner counter-thread, which is arranged at the second outlet portion (25). Molding according to Claim 5, characterized in that the sleeve member (28) is inoperatively read in relation to the longitudinal axis of the threaded rod and arranged into the said second outlet part (25). 7. Molding according to one of claims 1 ... 6. characterized in that the resilient first halves (1.13 and 3.5) of the sidewalls of the mold as well as the resilient second halves (2.14 and 4.16) are connected to each other by threaded rods (7) extending through the side plates ( 1,2,3,4) and the supporting elements (13,14,15,16) and are supported with hollow members (8) at a standard distance, ie a spacing corresponding to the desired wall thickness of the corner building element to be molded, which hollow members abut against the inner surfaces of the side walls 35, the threaded rods (7) and the hollow members (8) being aligned with each other and in a perpendicular position relative to the inner surfaces of the inner surfaces. 16 83938 resistant halves. 8. Molding according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one side wall (3.15; 4.16) has for the passage through the first opening means of the threaded rods (7), which are saturated to correspond to an angular position range of the desired size. , in which the halves of the sidewalls are reversible relative to each other. 9. Molding according to any one of claims 1 to 8 characterized in that the side walls (1.13; 2.14 and 3.15; 4.16) are provided with pre-penetration of the fastening bolts (5.17 and 6.18) of the wall walls (5.17 and 6.18). 22) with other opening means which are saturated to correspond to an angular position range of the desired size within which the halves of the side walls are reversible relative to each other.