FI81984C - UPPFOELJNINGSFOERFARANDE FOER VIRKE. - Google Patents

Description

1 81984

Monitoring method for timber

The invention relates to a method for maintaining the traceability of quality specifications of parts of timber pieces during the processing process following this determination.

Traditionally, timber is made by first sorting the logs by diameter and quality and sawing them into planks and boards, maximizing the yield of the timber with a sawing machine. The dimensions of the timber obtained are then based on either commercial standard dimensions or customer orders. The planks or boards are then sorted to standard or aged grades, after which the planks or boards are dried to the desired final moisture. When making the final product, the planks are split into the necessary grooves by sawing, in which connection the aim is also to optimize the quality. The final products are then made after selection from these dogs.

There are numerous drawbacks to this approach. First, the treatment involves sorting in many stages, resulting in a large number of different residual batches, the size and quantity of which are difficult to utilize effectively. Another notable drawback is that the exact number of each sootype becomes clear only at the time of the last sorting and by no means always matches the need. In addition, it is often impossible to accurately determine the tangential and / or radial direction of the wood causes of finished fines, as well as the proportion and boundary of the heartwood or surface wood, which, however, are essential for the functionality of the final product in practice. Significance is becoming increasingly important in future billet sawing operations.

2 81984

In several contexts, the proposed procedure of defining faults in a tree trunk or split trunk or the like and then using a computer to design the optimal order for what products are appropriate to make at each point in the log does not solve the problems described above but only slightly converts them. If defect analysis and optimization is performed on fresh wood, as is usually the easiest and safest and that part of the log or the like in question is dried as is, the result is cracking in the logs. This may make the implementation of the optimization plan impossible if, for example, there is a crack in a part of the body classified as high-quality. If, on the other hand, a part of the log or the like is cut into its designed parts, the result is a considerable number of small pieces of wood of different cross-sectional dimensions and lengths, which are almost impossible to handle during drying. Also, re-sorting after drying is very laborious. If, on the other hand, said optimization is sought to be carried out only after drying, in which case relatively large pieces which are easy to handle pass through the drying, the result is cracked parts of the tree trunk. Of course, cracks can be taken into account in the optimization, but of course it makes no sense to create them and, in addition, it is difficult to separate the defects as well as the surface wood and the heartwood from the dry wood. A further disadvantage of wedding optimization methods is that the aim is to obtain the largest possible piece of wood for optimization, while a good implementation of drying would require a relatively small piece of wood that is no longer suitable for optimization. The contradiction is thus incompatible according to the prior art.

In order to prevent the cracking of large timber during drying, it has been proposed, as in SE-161134, to cut longitudinal grooves in the timber, which divide the timber into sufficiently small parts connected by a stump so that no cracking occurs during drying. However, this procedure has not been introduced because of its serious drawbacks.

Il 3 81984

The reason is that in any case, the timber changes shape during drying, as a result of which the grooves originally sawn straight are no longer straight but can be curved or twisted. It is clear that when starting to saw parts apart as suggested in said publication, this is not possible along the grooves but the saw blade goes directly from somewhere other than the groove. The result is thus considerable material loss, as the grooves actually have to be sawn off on both sides.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method by which defects in a tree trunk part or the like and the ratio and boundary of surface wood and heartwood can be determined from fresh wood and used directly to select applications for different areas of a piece of timber based on ordering information or other need. It is also an object that this selection of objects and the corresponding optimization can be carried out on relatively large pieces of fresh and fresh timber, which are easy to handle in later process steps and in particular in the drying stage and without cracking or deformation detrimental to use value. It is also an object of the invention to provide a method by which a piece of timber can be easily divided into its designed parts at a later stage of production and without loss of material, whereby the use of these parts can be determined quickly, easily and reliably, whether or not this partitioning is done. It is also an object of the invention to provide a method by which the above can be implemented either with already existing equipment or with very small additional investments.

By means of the method according to the invention, a decisive improvement in the above-described drawbacks is achieved and the stated objects are achieved. To achieve this, the method according to the invention is characterized by what is set forth in the characterizing part of claim 1.

4,81984

The most important advantage of the invention is the excellent processability of the piece of timber, e.g. through a drying process or other step, when the piece is, for example, the length of the log and the width of the log is wide and of considerable thickness. However, no cracking occurs during drying. Another advantage is that the quality grading can be done and the sawing device designed in fresh wood and the final cutting into chores or the like can be done after drying without re-examination or re-sorting or other massive operation and even anywhere and by anyone. A further advantage of the invention is that said increase in the quality level and reduction of the sorting work is achieved with very little additional investment.

In the following, the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying illustrative figures.

Figure 1 shows in cross-section the trunk of a tree and its division into slices to which the method according to the invention is applied.

Figure 2 shows a slice according to the invention seen from the direction of the lapland.

Figure 3 shows another slice according to the invention seen from the direction of the patch.

Figure 4 shows a diagram of a work step according to the invention.

Figure 5 shows a cross-section of a slice according to the invention, and its cutting into a blank.

Figure 6 shows an alternative embodiment for slice cross-section.

Figure 1 shows the division of the tree trunk 1 in parallel

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5 81984 by sawing in the direction of its center line to slices 2a-2g. These slices can be of the same thickness or different thicknesses as required. This difference in thickness can be based, for example, on the fact that the slice 2a and 2g are in any case surface wood 19, while the core wood 20 can be found in slices 2c, 2d and 2e, so that they have different applications and thus different thicknesses.

Figure 2 shows one of the slices, e.g. slice 2c, seen from the side of its second flap. Blanks or grooves 4, 5 are positioned in this slice 2c in the direction of its sides 3a and 3b, the grooves 4 being surface wood and the grooves 5 being core wood. A triangular waste piece 6 remains in the base of the tree. Depending on the situation, the more conventional arrangement of the grooves shown in Fig. 3 can just as well be used, in which the grooves 7-10 are located parallel to the center line 11 of the tree trunk. In this case, the grooves are of different widths so that the grooves 7 are of the same width, the groove 8 is the narrowest and the grooves 9 and 10 are the widest. Waste pieces 12 remain in the area of the base of the trunk. Another way of arranging the grooves can also be applied so that a different division procedure can be applied to different slices or saws 2a-2g of the same tree trunk.

According to the invention, the tree trunk 1 is sawn into slices 2a-2g fresh or undried as described above, and defects and / or boundaries of the surface wood and the heartwood and other possible factors affecting the application are determined from the surface or surfaces of the respective slice. For each slice, an optimal sawing gear is then selected for each slice based on order data or the like, to saw that slice before drying, but so that this sawing extends only to a portion of the slice thickness, leaving the slices 4, 5 or 8-10 or 13, 14 on the base 16. adhere to each other mainly during the subsequent processing steps, in particular drying. The sawing device is thus chosen such that the slices produce such a number of 6,81984 blanks or grooves that they become a suitable number of e.g. different profiles so that the final products can be made without significant pieces of waste. Figures 5 and 6 show cross-sections of partially sawn slices 2f and 2g, in which the blanks or grooves 9, 10 and 13, 14, respectively, are separated from each other by grooves 15 provided by grooving sawing, but connected by supports 16.

If in a sawmill the control is traditionally done visually, the setting described above can be selected and sawing to a partial slice depth can still be carried out by hand according to the invention. However, the operation can also be carried out semi-automatically or completely automatically, both in terms of error detection and other quality, in which case the sawing setting can also be adjusted automatically on the basis of the quality of the slice and, for example, the computer's memory needs.

In connection with the selection and partial sawing of a saw blade, according to the invention, either a slice or its grooves are marked with a mark describing the end use on which the blade is based, such as a code. Figures 2, 3 and 5 show code markings 17, which are specific for the skin and indicate the application. Markings can be made either on the surface of the grooves as in Figures 2 and 3 or on the end of the grooves as shown in Figure 5. The coding method can always be selected according to the needs of the production unit. Figure 6 again shows the code marking of the slice location 18 on the end surface of the slice. If the production and operation is usually small-scale and non-automatic, the marking can be done, for example, with a graphite chip by hand, using a suitable code, either on the surface or on the head. In slightly more extensive production and more advanced automation, soiros can be automatically marked with color by stamping and using the appropriate code as above. In a fully computerized production, it is sufficient to mark the slice with coded identification information 18, in which case the future use of the slices of each slice going into production is stored in the computer's memory, and even

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7 81 984 if desired final product unit. As an even more advanced euro-tracking technique, escort-memory technology known in other fields can be applied, in which, for example, an electronic escort-memory search is used to transfer slice data, e.g. in the breaking and sorting phase, for control or command of correct operations.

After drying and at the stage when the treatment of the dogs is to be continued, these are separated from each other by breaking the joints connecting them, as described in detail in our relevant patent application. Thus, according to the invention, the grooves or blanks 4, 5 or 7-10 or 13, 14 are not sawn apart, but are broken apart or otherwise detached along the grooves 15 from the bases 16. Figure 5 shows a way in which a slice 2f is pressed. between the abutments 19a, 19b and with the blade 19c the groove 9 is pressed, whereby the heel breaks. At this stage, the dry and planing-ready soirs are then also sorted according to their intended use and passed directly to the processing step. This sorting is performed on the basis of the code markings 17 described above or, for example, the information in the computer's memory, starting from the slice-specific identifier 18.

Thus, with this arrangement, relatively large pieces can be handled during drying as well as storage and possibly during transport and transfer, te. slices 2 and not small dogs. Slices are formed into slices only just before use, in which case no further research on quality is required, but the cutting and sorting and the next stage of work take place once on the basis of previous research and labeling. There is also no need to maintain detailed information on where each slice or piece of timber is in the drying oven, for example, because the information is always traceable or legible. section. Figure 4 is a diagram of the operating principle of the invention described above. In this context, it can also be stated that the β 81984 procedure would hardly be appropriate when using a process other than the described fracturing procedure for cutting, because a slice that has deformed during drying cannot be sawn as previously described. The procedure of not slicing the slice and, in a situation similar to the cutting step, of making a gun and sawing on the basis of the stored data also fails, because then the slice has cracked during drying.

When selecting a sawing set according to the invention and carrying out sawing, it should be noted that a groove of the type shown in Fig. 3 can be made in one sawing step using six adjacent blades cutting at the same or approximately the same groove depth in a slice. The setting according to Fig. 2 has to be sawed twice, because not all the grooves are parallel. This can be accomplished by first sawing parallel to the second side surface 3b with a three-blade insert and then parallel to the side 3a with a four-blade insert, all sawing to the same groove depth in the slice. In the cutting stage, the difference in the direction of the groove has a much smaller effect because the slice is easy to place in different positions for breaking.

This method according to the invention differs from IT-intensive methods in that it allows the slices to be transported, for example, to another production unit of the company or to an external customer as a grooved slice, which is simple and inexpensive to handle during transport or transfer. It is then easy for the end user to cut and sort, either directly on the slices or markings on the slices or on the basis of written or other information following delivery, which is quite limited in scope, including only an explanation of the application codes and / or a slice-specific list.

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Claims (5)

9,81984 Patented Applications A method for maintaining the traceability of the quality determination data of parts 1 of a timber box during the processing process following this determination, characterized in that the quality characteristics of different areas of the piece are determined from at least one saw blade, the sawing position of each piece is selected that sawing according to this setting is carried out only on a part of the thickness of the piece of wood, in which case the resulting grooves separated by the grooves are stuck together, that this piece of wood and / or its parts is marked with a mark or marks parts of the device only before the required machining step. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that said piece of wood to be grooved is a slice sawn lengthwise from the tree trunk, the surface width of which is designed to determine the quality of the slice on one or both sides. and that the cutting into grooves following the grooving sawing points is done by breaking after drying. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the intended use or purpose of the soles in the cutting step can be ascertained from the code marking made on each groove in connection with the grooving-sawing step, the possible error points being marked separately on the grooves, if necessary. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the purpose or object of the chips and the possible defects can be detected in the cutting step on the basis of 10 81 984 slice point markings and the slice-specific chord information stored in the sawing step. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mark indicating the quality characteristics and / or the end use is made on the piece of wood by hand or by stamping or equipping it with an accompanying memory chip either on one side surface or end of each piece.