FI79159C - Intersection for gears and intersections and method for making such an intersection. - Google Patents

Description

! 79159

Intersection for switches and crossings and method of making such an intersection

The invention relates to an intersection for switches and crossings, which consists essentially of ordinary, weldable rail steel with two gear knee rails and an intersecting tip tip extending from the initial to the end region between the knee rails, the intersecting tip a guide groove in which connecting rails can be welded to the free ends of the knee rails on the one hand and to the end region of the crosshead tip on the other hand and in which the area of maximum wear, in particular the initial end area of the crosshead tip, is finished with manganese hard-15 steel. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such a junction.

The known junction from which the invention is based (cf. DE-AS 20 42 488) consists of three parts, namely. two knee rails and the tip of the intersection. These three parts are welded together to form a cross-piece to be treated together. This junction thus consists of ordinary, - ·· 'weldable rail steel. In view of the particular stress on the wear area of such an intersection, this intersection is provided with an armor of manganese hard steel alloy in the wear area, namely in the initial area of the tips of the intersection and at the overhanging edges of the adjacent knee rails. This manganese hard steel alloy consists of:. the armor is attached to the tip of the junction and to the corresponding areas of the knee pads by electron beam welding. This expensive structure is necessary because manganese hard steel is certainly not weldable with ordinary rail steels, as temperatures above about 570 K lead to embrittlement of the manganese hard steel -____. Not even the armor of the manganese hard steel alloy desired by the electron beam welding method can be reliably connected to the rest of the rail of the junction. Despite the rather considerable manufacturing sacrifices required by such a junction piece, an optimal result for practice is not achieved. In addition, it comes to the fact that the armor made of manganese hard steel is naturally weaker in terms of wear than the massive part made of manganese hard steel.

Since manganese hard steel as a highly wear-resistant working material is very well suited for the wear range of cross-sections of the species in question, but it has the aforementioned considerable problems in the manufacture of welded joints, screw joints are preferred in practice. In such a known junction body (cf. DE-OS 22 44 902), the tip of the junction body is formed as a manganese-15-molded casting part as a very high risk of wear. The tip of the junction piece is screwed to the knee rails via tie rails. However, even such joints are not practically unproblematic, as they can become detached in permanent use, i.e. they require constant monitoring and, moreover, relatively frequent repair.

20 Finally, a junction for switches and crossings made entirely of a one-piece casting is known (cf. DE-AS 12 42 252), which consists of a manganese-hard steel center area (wear area), welded rail steel end-to-end areas and a center-to-end area of the alloy areas formed by the joint casting method. It has been found that this junction is also not optimal in use and that the method of manufacture as a joint casting method is very expensive.

30 Advantages of the previously described, known junction pieces, in which welding joints with connecting rails can • of course be manufactured and in which it is also possible to form a wear area free of wear. It is also an object of the invention to provide a method for manufacturing such a junction.

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The junction according to the invention, in which the previously described object has been solved, is characterized mainly in that the knee rails and the junction are formed as a one-piece junction block of conventional weldable rail steel. and that a cross-section insert of manganese hard steel is firmly inserted in the recess. The manufacture of such a cross-piece block comprising the knee rails 10 and the tip of the cross-piece is easily possible by modern manufacturing methods. An intersection insert of manganese hard steel formed as a separate part according to the invention is embedded in this junction block block. The intersection insert itself can be made as an independent part as well as the hel-15 post. The connection of the junction insert to the junction block can be made durable and strong due to the shape of the embedding of the junction insert in the recess in the junction block.

The junction according to the invention is of course hit-20 on the connecting rail. Likewise, the wear area of the junction can also be produced without problems, preferably from a working material made of manganese steel. All the advantages of the known intersections described above are combined in the intersection according to the invention.

There are now various possibilities for forming and further developing an intersection according to the invention, which will be described below only by way of example.

First of all, it is recommended to form the intersection insert of the junction according to the invention so that it comprises both the initial region of the tip of the junction and also the crossing areas adjacent to the knee rails. Naturally, the above-mentioned driving and guide grooves are formed in the junction insert between the tip of the junction and the knee rails. In principle, it is also conceivable that in such a case the intersection-35 body insert is formed in several parts.

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With regard to the choice of material for the crosshead insert, it is recommended that it be made as a casting of 12-14% manganese hard steel.

There are, of course, different possibilities for the recess in the cross-block block to receive the cross-piece insert.

The first possibility, which is very practical from a manufacturing point of view, is that the recess is formed only as an upwardly open recess. The intersection insert is then pan-10 in the recess from above and is somehow held in this recess. How this can happen in detail will be explained in more detail later.

Another possibility is characterized in that the recess in the junction block is open upwards and on one of the longitudinal sides and that the junction insert can be pushed from the open long side into the recess in the junction block.

Finally, a third possibility is characterized in that the recess in the junction block is open upwards and on both longitudinal sides, i.e. it forms a channel running transversely to the direction of extension of the junction.

While straight or upwardly dispersing recess walls are required in connection with the possibility described in the first paragraph, it is recommended for the second and third possibilities to form an intersection according to the invention, characterized in that the recess has side bulges, in particular trapezoidal, and that the intersection insert has edges corresponding to lateral bulges at the edges, in particular it is formed into a cross-section corresponding to the trapezoidal shape. In another possibility with an upward and only one longitudinal side open recess, such side bulges may be formed on the other three sides, while in the case of a tolar wrist with an upward and only one longitudinal side open recess, such side bulges may be formed only on both sides. to the remaining front page. In any case, these side bulges prevent the intersection insert from being removed upwards from the recess.

5 While in the above-mentioned second possibility there is only one possibility from the outset how the intersection insert can be inserted into the recess, the third possibility described above can also have an unambiguous insertion path, so that 10 transverse ( exactly parallel.

Insofar as it is not otherwise possible to provide a sufficiently strong connection of the intersection insert to the intersection block block, it is recommended to form at least additional screw connections for connecting the intersection insert to the intersection block block. This is, of course, particularly the case when the recess in the intersection block is open on one or both longitudinal sides. Suitably, such screw connections are arranged at the edge or edges of the intersection insert.

in detail, it is recommended to form an intersection according to the invention with respect to screw connections, characterized in that the intersection is provided with threaded bores in the area of the recess and screwable into threaded boreholes. In this case, in order to place the screw connections or the adapter screws of the screw connections in an area which is not problematic in terms of use, it is recommended to provide the cross-piece insert from the area of the screw connections with a step.

In particular, when the recess is formed in the intersection block only as an upwardly open recess, the intersection insert 35 can be firmly connected to the size of the intersection block due to being held in the recess with a compression rigidity.

In order not to form the one-piece cross member block formed according to the invention unnecessarily long and wide, it is recommended to form an intersection piece according to the invention characterized in that guide rails extending knee rails are formed in the region of the connecting rails welded to the crosshead tip end region. The guide rails are expediently attached to guide rail bases known per se, which need not be described further here.

In order to make the crossing area of the knee rails and the crossing piece particularly ride-friendly, the crossing insert should have a suitably trapezoidal shape on both end sides 15 when viewed from above. In this connection, it is further recommended to form the cross member according to the invention so that in the initial region the tip of the cross member runs from the bottom plane of the guide grooves to a level somewhat below the knee rail running surfaces is formed concavely arcuately ascending and associated directly up to the knee rail running surface. As a result, the load of the passing wheel is only completely transferred to the tip of the junction when its width is large enough.

The invention also relates, as described above, to a method for producing a crossbreed of the species in question. The method according to the invention is then characterized in that the intersection block is formed from a cast, forged or rolled output block by forming knee rails, guide and guide grooves, 30 intersection tip and with the tip of the junction body, the manganese hard steel is pre-cast. These method-35 steps take into account the fact that the driving and guide grooves required in modern 11 7 79159 machine tools can be made, for example, in a forged junction block with tolerance accuracy and cost-effectiveness, while for a junction insert consisting of more wear-resistant 5 manganese hard steel .

Finally, a particular application of the method of making a crossing according to the invention is preferred, in which the crossing insert is held in the recess of the crossing block with a compressive strength and is characterized in that the crossing insert is made with inside the recess, the junction insert is brought to a very low temperature compared to the normal temperature during use and / or the crossing block is brought to a high temperature compared to the normal temperature during use, and that the crossing insert is then inserted into the recess in the crossing block. In this way, even when the recess in the junction block is only open upwards, it is absolutely possible to carry out an absolutely strong connection of the junction insert to the junction block without the need for screw connections.

The invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a junction according to the invention in a schematic description; Figure 2 shows a section of Figure 1 along line II-II; Figure 3 shows a section of Figure 1 - III, Fig. 4 shows a section of the object of Fig. 1 along the line IV-IV, 35 Fig. 5 shows a second embodiment of a junction according to the invention for a gear in a schematic description, β 79159 Fig. 6 shows a section of the object of Fig. 1 along the line VI-VI, Fig. 7 shows a section of the object of Fig. 1 along the line VII-VII, Fig. 8 shows a section of the object of Fig. 1 along the line VIII-VIII, Fig. 9 shows a third embodiment of an intersection according to the invention in a schematic illustration, Fig. 10 shows a section of the object of Fig. 1 on the line X- X along, Fig. 11 shows a section of the object of Fig. 1 along the line XI-XI, and Fig. 12 shows a section of the object of Fig. 1 along the line XII-XII.

The junction piece according to the invention for switches and crossings will first be described in principle with the aid of Figure 1.

The junction body consists essentially of ordinary 20 weldable rail steel and has an intersection tip tip 4 extending from the initial region 2 to the end region 3 between the knee rails 1 and the knee rails 1. connecting rails 6 are welded to the free ends of the rails 1, on the other hand, to the end region 4 of the crosshead tip 4 in a weldable or illustrated embodiment. The area of maximum wear, in particular the initial region 2 of the crosshead tip 4, is finished with manganese hard steel, as will be described later.

As can be clearly seen from Fig. 1, the knee rails 1 and the tip 4 of the junction are formed with each other as a one-piece junction block 7 of ordinary, weldable rail steel. The junction block 7 has a recess 8 in the region of maximum wear, into which the manganese hard 9 79159 steel junction insert 9 is firmly inserted. This can be seen very clearly from Figure 1 together with Figure 2.

In the embodiment example shown, the crossing insert 9 comprises both the initial area of the tip 4 of the crossing and also the crossing areas 10 adjacent to the knee rails 1.

In the application example shown in Fig. 1, the recess in the junction block 7 is formed only as an upwardly open recess. This is once again shown very clearly in Figure 3. Figure 3 shows very well the driving and steering grooves 5.

While in the embodiment of Fig. 1 the recess 8 is formed only as an upwardly open recess, in the embodiment of Fig. 5 the recess 8 in the junction body 7 is open upwards and on the other longitudinal side 15 so that the junction insert 9 can be pushed in from the open longitudinal side

In the embodiment according to Fig. 9, the recess 8 in the junction body 7 is open upwards and on both longitudinal sides of the longitudinal body, thus forming a channel running transversely to the direction of extension of the junction body.

As shown in Figures 6, 7 and 10, the recess 8 in the second and third embodiments of the junction according to the invention has side bulges 11, namely it is formed in a trapezoidal cross-section. In this case, the intersection insert 9 is provided on the edge side with formations 12 corresponding to the side bulges 11, namely in the same way formed in a trapezoidal shape with a corresponding cross-section.

In the second and third embodiments of the junction according to the invention, screw connections 13 are otherwise formed to connect the junction insert 9 to the junction block 7. This is indicated in Figures 5 and 9 and described in more detail in Figures 7 and 11. Figures 7 and 11 show that the junction block 7 is provided in the region of the recess 8 with threaded bores 14 and an intersection insert 9 when inserted into the recess 8 with threaded bores 14 with coaxial through-holes 15 and that the adapter screws 16 can be inserted into the through-holes 14 and screwed 9 is then a step 17 or steps 17 in the region of the screw connections 13 or in the areas of the screw connections 13, as can be seen from Figures 7 and 11.

In the first application example of the junction according to the invention shown in Figures 1-4, one of the special features is that the junction insert 9 is held in the recess 8 with a compression tightness. This is accomplished by making the intersection insert 9 with external dimensions that are slightly larger than the dimensions of the recess 8 in the intersection block 7 at temperatures normally encountered during use, in addition to bringing the intersection insert 9 to normal temperature during insertion. and only then is it inserted into the ko-20 comparison in the intersection block 7. When heated to the normal temperature during use, the junction insert 9 expands slightly outwards and wedges into the recess 8 in the junction block absolutely firmly.

Consistently, in each of the three application examples of the junction according to the invention, it is provided that guide rails 18 extending the knee rails are arranged in the region of the connecting rails 6 welded to the end region of the junction tip 4. Otherwise, Figures 4, 8 and 12 show to the leg for fixing the parts of the junction piece according to the invention to the rail plate 21 or the like.

Finally, Fig. 1 shows another very preferred embodiment of the crossing piece according to the invention, when the crossing insert 9 has a trapezoidal shape on both sides of the front view. This is very driving friendly.

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Also ride-friendly is the shape of the tip 4 of the junction, which can be seen in Figures 2, 6 and 10, namely in the initial area from the bottom plane of the driving and guide grooves 5 to the plane 5 somewhat below the running surfaces of the knee rails 1. Up to level 1 of the running surfaces rises directly.

Finally, the uniform block width of the intersection block blocks 7 of the junction pieces allows the use of uniform rib plates for these junction block blocks 7. Otherwise, of course, it is of course possible to form the intersection block blocks 7 also for use in arc gearboxes in a corresponding arc shape. At intersections, double intersection bodies can also be formed as described with integral intersection block blocks 7.

Claims (11)

An intersection piece for gears or intersections, which essentially consists of the usual weld rail rail 5 and which has two wing rails and between the wing rails extending from the beginning area to the end area, the intersection tip point opposite each other of the wing rails forming the opposite side of the wing rails. and guide spheres, whereby one side to the free ends of the wing rails, on the other hand to the end area of the intersection tip can be welded connecting rails and wherein the area of greatest wear, -Norna (1) and the intersection tip (4) have been formed into a cross-sectional block in one piece (7) of ordinary, weldable railing, so that in the intersection block (7) in the area of the largest abrasion, so in particular on the intersection (4) initial area (2), there is a recess 20 (8) and that in the recess (8) there is a fixed intersection insert insert (9) of manganese hardener. An intersection piece as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the intersection insert (9) comprises both the initial area of the intersection (4) of the intersection 25 and the transition areas (10) of the intersecting blades (1). An intersection piece according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the intersection insert (9) is manufactured such that a casting of 12-14 percent manganese hardener. An intersection piece according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the recess (8) in the intersection block (7) has been designed only as an upturned open recess, or the recess (8) in the intersection block (7) is open upwardly and in one the longitudinal side and the intersection piece insert (9) can be pushed in from the open longitudinal side of the recess (8) in the intersection block (7), or the recess (8) in the intersection block (7) is open and eaves up on the longitudinal sides. across the main direction of the intersection of the junction block 5 (7). Crossing piece according to claim 4, characterized in that the recess (8) on the edge side has the side bends (11), is specially shaped trapezoidal format in the cross-section, and the crossing piece insert (9) has formations (12). on the edge side corresponding to the side protuberances (11) and especially in the cross-section is formed corresponding to the trapezoidal shape. An intersection piece according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that the intersection block 15 (7) is provided with threaded bores (14) in the area of the recess (8), and the intersection insert (9) is inserted into the recess (8) with penetration bores ( 15) in the direction of the threaded bores (14) and that the fit screws (16) can be inserted into the passage bores (15) and screwed into 2Q the threaded bores (14). An intersection piece according to any of claims 1-6, characterized in that the intersection insert (9) is pressed into the recess (8). Crossing piece according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that the guide rails (18) which extend the wing rails (1) are arranged in the area of the end area (3) of the intersection piece tip (3) welded (6). ). An intersection piece as claimed in any of claims 1-8, characterized in that the intersection tip (4) in the initial region (2) rises concave-beak-shaped from the bottom of the driving and guide spheres (5) to a level slightly below the lip surface of the wing rails (1). and then straight to the nibble for the running surface of the wing rails. 35 10. A method of manufacturing the intersection piece according to any of claims 1-9, characterized in that