FI78315C - Builder for alkaline detergents - Google Patents

Description

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Alkali detergent builder

The invention relates to an alkali, an aqueous detergent builder (which has the function of binding the polyvalent methane ions of the wash water in a complex form and of acting as a deflocculant and dispersant of the aggregates formed by the detached dirt particles and the detergent surfactant.

In professional terminology, detergent builders are called detergent builders.

In water-based detergents - both textile detergents and industrial detergent solutions - the ability to form complexes and the ability to disperse small particles under time conditions are essential properties.

Complexation of metal ions in the washing solution is necessary, since polyvalent metal ions promote the formation of insoluble, flocculated particle aggregates of detergent dirt-dissolving surfactants, so-called with ten-ties, and the dirt they remove. The water used for washing is often hard, ie it contains a lot of calcium ions, which must be bound to the complexes.

The dispersing property again prevents the redeposition of the removed dirt on the washable surface, also preventing, but by a different chemical mechanism, the flocculation of the dirt particles into larger, precipitating aggregates and keeping the particles in solutions.

Known time detergents use synthetically formed polyphosphate time salts such as sodium tripolyphosphate, STPP, and tetrapotassium tripolyphosphate, TKPP, or aminopolycarboxylic acids or their alkali metal salts, e.g. In addition, certain sodium aluminum ethylates can be used as builders.

The disadvantage of the known builders is the harm caused or suspected by them to the natural habitat when they are mainly exposed to water bodies with the washing water.

Polyphosphates are rich in phosphorus, which is a nutrient for biochemical growth and thus accelerates biochemical activity, accelerating eutrophication of water bodies.

Aminopolycarboxylic acids, on the other hand, due to their structure and chemical stability, degrade very slowly biochemically in nature, causing bioaccumulation. Their impact on natural ecosystems is not exactly known, but they are suspected to be mutagenic and potentially carcinogenic.

The main use of silicates is again limited by their poor performance in detergent. Silicates do not have a significant dispersibility and therefore cannot be used as builders alone. Silicates do not cause significant harm in nature.

Information or suspicions about the harmfulness of conventional builders in the wild have highlighted the desire to ban their use and the need to replace them with more biochemically cheaper products.

To a limited extent, substitutes have been found for conventional builders. For example, the use of lactic acid, gluconic acid and sodium gluconate, sodium glucoheptonate and citric acid in these applications is known. The main advantage of these products is that they are not harmful to nature, but their use as builders is limited by economic reasons. The price of these products is unfavorable compared to the performance as builders.

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The object of the invention is to provide an alkali, water-based detergent builder which can completely or partially replace conventional, environmentally harmful builders and which causes less biochemical disadvantages in the environment than conventional phosphorus-containing polyphosphates and naturally degradable and biochemically polycochemicals.

These objects have been achieved in a very satisfactory manner by the present invention, the main features of which appear from the appended claims.

The builder according to the invention thus contains a) as a by-product of alkali pulp production, hydroxycarboxylic acids from polysaccharides, b) possibly as a by-product of alkali pulp production from lignin, low molecular weight reaction products

The builder according to the invention preferably contains a hydroxycarboxylic acid fraction separated from the alkali pulp production by-product, the so-called black liquor, which partially contains or to which low, i.e. about 1000 g / mol molecular weight Kraft lignin has been added or to which 1ignosulfonate has been added.

This preferred builder in the form of an alloy product has the ability to form complexes with polyvalent metal ions such as calcium, magnesium, iron and manganese and the ability to disperse small particles in an alkaline aqueous solution.

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Component a alone has these properties, but with a component mixture which, in addition to component a, also contains component b and / or c, these properties can be strengthened more than the sum of the properties of the mixture components requires, i.e. a so-called synergistic effect is achieved.

The hydroxycarboxylic acids used in the builder according to the invention, separated from the black liquor of alkaline pulp production, are similar in structure to the above-mentioned products which have been proposed for use as substitutes for conventional builders, i.e. lactic acid, gluconic acid, glucoheptanoate and citric acid.

About 20-100% of the dry matter content of the Builder according to the invention consists of the above-mentioned component a or component mixture a and b and / or c and the remaining about 0-80% consists of a conventional builder or builders such as STPP, TKPP, NTA : eta and / or EDTA.

The components used according to the invention, separated from the pulp by-products, are biomass dissolution products and are therefore not harmful in nature. In their experimental use as builders, it has surprisingly been found that their performance is almost at the level of polyphosphates.

The products according to the invention are produced in large quantities as by-products of pulp production and can be advantageously separated from black liquor. Such separation operations are known per se and have been described in the literature.

In the following, the invention will be described in more detail by means of performance examples and comparative experiments.

Textile washing tests were performed on a standard laboratory peeu machine of the Terg-O-Tometer type using artificially pigment-impregnated cotton Wäschereiforschung, I! 5 7831 5

Klefeld, Federal Republic of Sakea. The washing was performed at 60 ° C in water with a hardness of 5 degrees dH and a washing time of 15 minutes. 0.5 g BEROL 173 / liter (BEROL 173 is a fatty alcohol ethoxylate) was used as a surfactant in all tests and mixtures according to Tables 1 and 2 were used as builders. The pH of the wash solution was 10.8 in all tests. The pH was adjusted by the addition of sodium hydroxide.

The washing result was recorded on a Zeiss Elrepho reflectometer using a Xenon lamp as the light source and a filter FL-46 to eliminate the effect of optical brighteners.

The result is expressed as the percentage removal of black pigment from the piece of textile.

Example 1

In Experiment Set 1, half of the conventional STPP builder in the wash liquor was replaced with the Builder mixture of the invention with different ratios of hydroxy acid fraction and lignosulfonate and the wash results were compared to the STPP-based Builder dose alone and a control experiment in which only half of the normal STP was administered. In addition, an experiment was performed in which half of the STPP was replaced by a sodium gluconate builder known per se. The results are shown in Table 1.

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Table 1.

Builder-annoe Builder mixture Washing result g / 1 * black pigment removed.

0.6 STPP 77.3

0.3 STPP

0.3 Hydroxy acid 71.1 0 Lignosulfonate

0.3 STPP

0.225 Hydroxy acid 76.3 0.075 Lignosulfonate

0.3 STPP

0.15 Hydroxy acid 75.1 0.15 Lignosulfonate

0.3 STPP

0.075 Hydroxy acid 74.2 0.225 Lignosulfonate 0.3 STPP 54.5

0.3 STPP

0.3 Na-gluconate 66.2 7 78315

It can be seen from the results that the Builder according to the invention gives almost as good a result as conventional STPP and a considerably better result than the substitute Na-gluconate known per se.

Example 2.

In Experiment Set 2, the entire Builder dose of wash liquor was replaced with the Builder mixture of the invention and the wash result was compared to a conventional STPP-Builder-based and Na-gluconate-based wash liquor. The experimental arrangements were otherwise similar to those in Experimental Series 1. The results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2.

Builder dose Builder mixture Washing result g / 1% black pigment removed.

0.6 STPP 75.8 0.45 Hydroxy acid 0.15 Lignosulfonate 67.9 0.3 Hydroxy acid 0.3 Lignosulfonate 70.3 0.6 Na-gluconate 41.0

It can be seen from the results that even if the entire Builder dose is replaced by the Builder mixture according to the invention, a satisfactory washing result is obtained, while the substitute Na-gluconate known per se gives a significantly worse result.

Claims (5)

7831 5 1. Alkali, an aqueous detergent builder, which has the function of binding the polyvalent metal ions of the wash water to a complex form and acting as a deflocculant and dispersant of the detached dirt particles and detergent surfactant aggregates, characterized in that about 20-1% of the builder hydroxycarboxylic acids derived from polysaccharides, optionally together with low molecular weight lignin and / or lignosulfonate, and about 0 to X0 X consists of a structural substance or substances known per se. A structural material according to claim 1, characterized in that said about 20-100% proportion of the structural material consists of hydroxycarboxylic acids. A structural material according to claim 1, characterized in that said proportion of about 20 to 100 X of the structural material consists of a mixture of hydroxycarboxylic acids and low molecular weight lignin. A structural material according to claim 1, characterized in that said about 20-100% proportion of the structural material consists of a mixture of hydroxycarboxylic acids and lignosulfonate. Structural material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydroxycarboxylic acids and the mixture of hydroxycarboxylic acids and low molecular weight lignin are prepared from a waste liquor, i.e. black liquor, formed as a by-product of alkali pulp production, using a separation technique known per se.