FI74684B - ANORDING FOR ADJUSTMENT OF INSPECTION INSPECTION I HISSAR. - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Equipment, for the control of the braking initiation point in lifts, with markings (M1, M4), which are applied in the lift shaft (14) at a certain spacing from the storeys and which co-operate with a switch (15), which is actuable when the lift cage (6) travels past, and with a speed-measuring equipment (1) connected with the hoist motor (1), wherein the braking initiation point is determinable in dependence on the speed measured when the lift cage (6) travels past the marking (M1, M4) of the target storey and wherein stopping errors of earlier travels are taken into consideration in the determination of the braking initiation point, characterised thereby, - that a distance table (RAM1) is provided in the form of a store, in which the distances between the markings (M1, M4) of each storey are stored, - that a computer (RE) is provided, which from the distances forms a target travel (SSoll ) respectively associated only with the storey concerned and which determines a braking initiation travel (SEinl ) through subtraction of an empirical braking travel (SBr ) from the target travel (SSoll ), - that a travel counter (C3) is provided, which is started when the lift cage (6) travels past the first marking (M1) of a storey and on the signal change of the switch (15) brought about thereby, and - that a comparator (KO) is provided, which on equality of the travel counter state and the braking initiation travel (SEinl ) generates a signal determining the braking initiation point.

Description

74684

Equipment for adjusting the starting point of braking in lifts. - Anordning för regiering av / inbromsningens inledningspunkt i Hissar.

The invention relates to an apparatus for adjusting the starting point of braking in elevators, which apparatus comprises signaling devices introduced into the elevator shaft at a certain floor distance and cooperating with a switch operating when passing the elevator car, and which apparatus comprises and wherein the stopping streams of previous journeys are taken into account when transmitting the starting point of braking.

In elevators which are simple in construction and have a lower nominal speed, the nominal speed can also be achieved in the case of short floor distances. In such elevators, a braking phase takes place when the elevator car is passed past a signaling device introduced into the elevator shaft, which is, for example, in the form of a magnet, whereby the signaling devices are always arranged at the same floor distance. Such braking equipment results in stopping inaccuracies, which are mainly due to the varying loads of the cabin loads and thus also to the varying driving speed.

Swiss patent publication 392 004 discloses a control device by means of which stopping inaccuracies arising for the above-mentioned reasons can be avoided. For this purpose, the tachometer generates a voltage proportional to the speed of the car, which is connected to the reference voltage via relays and a switch operated by the car.

Fall night is the reference voltage produced from the stabilized voltage source greater than the maximum forging voltage present. The capacitor and resistors are connected to the stabilized voltage range in such a way that when the switch is closed, the capacitor voltage is equal to the reference voltage. Signaling devices are arranged in the elevator shaft for a certain floor distance in each direction of travel. When driving the elevator car past the target floor marker, the switch opens so that the capacitor is discharged through the resistors.

When the capacitor voltage has dropped to the forge voltage level, the relay trips, the drive motor is switched off and the brake is applied. Depending on the amount of forging voltage, the voltage in the relay will sooner or later become zero, so that a speed-dependent adjustment of the braking start time is achieved.

German publication 1 096 574 discloses an apparatus for fine-tuning elevators, in which control switches are arranged in the elevator car, by means of which stop errors can be handled. By means of the control switches, it is possible to use a step 11 fence which is formed in such a way that the resistance arranged in the braking circuit can be changed in proportion to the magnitude of the stopping error.

In this way, the stop error stored in the memory acts on the next run so that a more or less large current flows into the brake circuit, thus avoiding a new stop error.

In another device known from German Offenlegungsschrift No. 3,038,873, instead of the capacitor discharge disclosed in Swiss Patent Publication No. 392,004, the starting point of braking is calculated by means of a microprocessor as a function of the speed at which the basic comparison gives only approximate results. In order to improve the results, the calculation takes into account the stopping errors of previous runs, as in German Announcement 1 096 574. This is done by calculating the time of the start of braking, which is necessary to achieve an accurate stop, from the difference between the braking distance setting jcj. This time is saved together with the measured speed when driving the elevator car 3 74684 past the shaft marker device. In the time of the followers, the value pairs thus transmitted are taken into account when calculating the time of the start of braking.

The basic object of the invention is to further improve the stopping accuracy in such elevators. In order to solve this problem, it is proposed in the invention, in accordance with the characterizing parts of the claims, to create floor-to-floor distances between shaft markers due to building tolerances and to produce them as setting distances as distance-dependent braking start point output.

The advantage obtained by the invention can be seen in particular in that the creation of precise distance markers between the road-floor levels and the distance-dependent determination of the braking starting point substantially increases the stopping accuracy. The stopping accuracy is further improved by producing correction values for layers with varying friction conditions and storing them and taking them into account when calculating the braking start point. A further advantage is that the device according to the invention can be retrofitted to a wide variety of elevator equipment that is already ready, without having to carry out considerable adjustment and adjustment work for the installation in question.

In the following, the invention will be described in more detail based on the embodiment shown in the drawing. In the drawings:

Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an elevator with an apparatus according to the invention for adjusting the starting point of braking.

»74684

Fig. 2 shows the defined distance traveled by the gap markers in relation to Fig. 1 on an enlarged scale.

Figure 3 shows a speed diagram during the braking phase at full load down and at full load up without using the apparatus according to the invention.

Figure 4 shows the velocity diagram of Figure 3 when using the apparatus according to the invention.

Figure 1 shows an elevator hoisting motor 1 which uses a counterbalance 5 balanced by a counterweight 5 suspended on a conveyor rope 4 via a machine 2 and a drive wheel 3. The hoisting motor 1, for example an asynchronous motor, is connected to a , 10 and via the main switch connection 13 to the AC mains RST. The adjustment of the direction guards 11, 12 takes place in a known manner and is therefore no longer described or shown. The elevator car 6 is controlled in an elevator shaft 14, which is intended, for example, to extend the distance of the floors 12 E1-E12, and in which each of the four signaling devices in the form of magnets M1-M4 is arranged at a certain floor distance, a bistable magnetic switch 13 is attached to the elevator car passed, and which is electrically connected to the input of the control device 16 shown later. Layers relays SP1-SP12 are arranged on the floors E1-E12, which are adjustable by means of the floor callers DE1-DF12 arranged in the floors r1-E12 and the car callers (not shown) arranged in the elevator car 6. SK1-SK12 are marked with stop switches through which the layer relays SP1-SP12 maintain the voltage after the calls have been issued. The stop switches qK1-SK12 are connected to a conductor 17, through which the layer relays SP1-SP12 are not disconnected from the voltage in a known manner after the execution of the run command. The layer relays SP1-SP12 are connected to the other inputs of the control device 16 to request their memory space 5,74684.

Reference numeral 18 denotes the magnetic coils of the electromechanical stop brake connected during the journey of the elevator car 6 via a switch 20 of the brake relay 19 to a voltage source (not shown). The brake relay 19 is connected on the one hand to one terminal of the voltage source and on the other hand to one output of the control device 16 and to the control relay 21. The drive direction protectors 11, 12 can be adjusted via the switch 22 of the control relay 21 so that the lifting motor 1 is switched off. The brake switch 23 operated by the parking brake when the car 6 is closed is connected to another input of the control device 16. In order to ensure that no call is received during the run, the floor callers DE1-DE12 are connected to the voltage source via another, likewise only when the brake switch 24 is closed. The travel direction switch li switch 25 is connected to another input of the control device 16 for indicating the direction of travel.

The pulse transmitter 26 consists of a reflection well 27 attached to the rotating disc 7 and a reflection light port 28 connected to another input of the control device 16.

The reflecting film 27 has reflective and non-reflective zones, the zones being divided on the circumference of the rounding disc 7 so that each pulse corresponds, for example, to a travel distance of the elevator car 6 of 2 mm in length.

The control device 16 comprises a distance table PAMI, a braking distance table RAM2, a floor correction table RAM3, a selector C1 indicating the position of the respective cabin, a floor register C2 indicating the target layer, a trip counter C3, a speed register C4, a counter RE and a comparator KO. The distance, braking distance and layer correction tables RAMI, RAM2, RAM3 are write-read memories, while the selector C1, the layer and speed registers C2, C4 as well as the trip counter C3 are microprocessor CPU registers whose calculation work performs the functions of the counter ° E and the comparator KO . The read only memories 6 74684 RAMI, RAM2, RAM3, the microprocessor CPU, the fixed value memory EPRQM as well as the interface IF are interconnected via a bus B comprising data, address and control lines and together with the synchronization generator T form a microcomputer. The interface circuit IF may comprise a multiplexer for inputting data from, for example, layer relays SP1 to SP12, and the interface circuit IF may comprise a bus controller for inputting and outputting other data which is activated by an address decoder. The output of the control device 16 connected to the brake relays 19, 21 is connected via a switch 29, for example in the form of a transistor switch, to the corresponding output of the IF connection.

The address table RAMI stores the distances between the magnets M1-M4 of each floor, the distances in the downward direction of the elevator car 6 being denoted by the first, second and third distances D1, D2, D3 (Fig. 2), and for example the first and third distances D1, D3 each corresponding to 40 cm and the second distance 02 corresponds to 20 cm. The magnets M1-M4 are arranged in the elevator shaft 14 in such a way that when the elevator car 6 is standing at the floor, the magnetic switch 15 is exactly in the middle of the second distance 02 (point III in Fig. 2).

The distance table RAMI is formed as follows: For example, when the downwardly moving elevator car 6 passes the magnets M.1-M4, the input arranged in the magnetic switch 15 is interrogated via a control device 16. When the first signal exchange caused via the first magnet M1 occurs, it is added to the trip counter C3 depending on the pulses produced by the pulse transmitter 26. The second signal exchange reads the calculation state and stores it with an address arranged according to the layer number indicated by the selector C1 as the value of the first distance D1 in the distance table RAMI. The third signal exchange 7 74684 subtracts the first distance D1 from the calculation mode and the difference is stored as the value of the second distance D2. Similarly, the fourth signal change obtains the value of the third distance D3 and stores it in memory and then resets the calculation mode. After the fourth signal change, the selector C1 is connected to the next floor number. When repeating the trip past the same layer, the values already available are compared with the retransmitted ones and, if deviations occur, a correction is performed in a suitable manner. In addition, the values of the distances D1 and D3 of the already passed layers are averaged for all layers and stored in the memory.

The braking distance table RAM2 stores the braking distances Sgr and the associated speeds measured at the start of braking in each direction of travel. The generation of the braking distance table RAM2 takes place when braking for the first time, in which case other value pairs are formed on the basis of the braking distance and the associated braking speed.

This is done in such a way that in the region, for example 73 -123? Ό of the measured speed, the braking distances derived from the first measured braking distance, which increase with speed, are transmitted and stored in the memory. After the other runs, these braking distances Sgf are compared with the actual braking distances and, in the event of deviations, corrections are made as appropriate.

The speed of the elevator car 6 required to utilize the braking distance table RAM2 is obtained as follows: Shortly before starting braking (point I in Fig. 2), the time between the two pulses of the pulse transmitter 26 is measured and its inverse value is formed. This instantaneous value corresponding to the speed of the elevator is transferred to the speed register C4 after suitable filtering. The time distance of the pulses of the pulse generator 26 can be measured, for example, by counting the pulses of the tachogenerator T, whereby the first pulse of the pulse generator 26 occurring after the call of the measurement command starts to count the CPU CPU and the next pulse stops this counting.

Since the friction conditions may not be the same for the entire distance of the elevator shaft 14, it may happen that the actual braking distance at a certain speed is not the same on all floors. This can lead to the exact table value of the braking distance table RAM2 already corrected many times due to varying friction in the layers. As a result, the braking accuracy in the other layers further deteriorates, so that repairs would have to be performed again. To avoid this, the braking distance stored in the braking distance table RAM2 is supplemented by the layer-dependent and direction-dependent correction value Kst «in the layer correction table RAM3. exceeding the maximum size.

When the hoist is put into operation for the first time, the basket stations are transmitted during a training run and are written to the selector C1. At other times, the distance, braking distance, and layer correction tables RAMI, RAM2, RAM3 are generated until the stored values have sufficient accuracy. With reference to Figures 1 and 2, the operation of the apparatus thus formed and manufactured to determine the starting point of braking is described below:

Assume that the elevator car receives a driving command and starts moving down from the floor, i.e.. When driving past the layer E1, the fourth magnet M4 switches the selector C1 to the layer E10.

In this case, the control device 16 senses the inputs connected to the floor relays SP1-S + 12, whereby, for example, the call for the floor L10 would be stored so that the corresponding floor number 74684 is transferred to the target floor register C2. During the trip, the input connected to the pulse transmitter 26 is activated and the instantaneous speed is continuously transmitted. When no more substantially changed value is obtained, this is transferred, as previously described to speed register C4. Then a program is called to convey the starting point of braking, whereby the starting distance of braking is first calculated from the equation SEinl = SSoll -SBr "KSt Here is Sg ^ one of the first and second distances D1, D2 of the distance table RAMI

5Soll = D1 + T

a setting distance corresponding to the distance that the first magnet M1 of the elevator 6 would still have to travel for an accurate stop (point III in Fig. 2).

If the layer is passed for the first time, the setpoint S_ .. is calculated with the one selected according to the example

Soil with the ratio D1 = 2 * D2 with the equation S = DO + ^

According to Sol 1 4. At the end layer, or if the layer has not yet passed and thus the value of distance D2 has not been stored in memory, the distance setpoint S_ ί - | according to the example with the selected ratio Dl r 2 * 02 Soil from the equation S - Dl + ~

Soil "1 4

The calling of the distances D1, D2, DO from the distance table RAMI, such as the call of the correction values from the floor correction table RAM3, takes place at an address arranged to correspond to the floor number contained in the selector C1 and taking into account the direction of travel requested at the corresponding input of the control device 16. The request for the braking distance Sgr from the braking distance table RAM2 takes place at an address which depends on the speed and the direction of travel stored in the speed register C 4.

After the calculation, the braking start distance S ^ ini is stored in the memory and the input of the control device 16 connected to the magnetic switch 15 is activated. When the first signal exchange caused by the first magnet M1 of the layer E1Q occurs, the odometer is added depending on the pulses produced by the pulse transmitter 26. The status of the trip counter is now continuously compared to the starting distance of the braking. Spini » braking begins and the engine shuts off (point II in Figure 2). The now closing brake switch 23 provides a signal via the corresponding input to the control device 16 via the start of braking, whereby the layer number in the target layer register C2 becomes reset. In the case of the speed counter, zero is read from the trip counter and, after subtracting the braking start distance, the actual braking distance is transmitted. Then, as previously described, a correction of the braking distance table RAM2 is performed.

In Fig. 3, the downward velocity at full hip is denoted by the speed and the upward velocity at full load. At time t the brake is applied and at time t it starts to react. In the assumed extreme cases, the resulting distance difference s corresponds to the maximum stop difference that occurs.

In contrast to Fig. 3, according to Fig. 4, the brake is only applied at full load upwards at time 11,74684 t '. The brake response time therefore shifts to time t. The initial difference s ^ is compensated in the opposite direction by the later difference so that there is practically no stopping difference.

Claims (10)

74684 An apparatus for adjusting the starting point of braking in elevators, comprising signaling devices (M1, M4) introduced into the elevator shaft (14) at a certain floor distance, acting together with a switch (15) operating when passing the elevator car (6), and comprising a speed connected to the hoisting motor (1) wherein the braking start point can be transmitted when passing the elevator car (6) past the target floor marker device (M1, M4) depending on the measured speed, and wherein the braking start point takes into account stopping errors of previous journeys, characterized in that the distance table (RAMI) is stored in a memory the distances between the signaling devices (M1, M4) that there is a counter (RE) which, in each case, forms the set-up distance for the layer in question only (S ^ on) and conveys the braking target distance (S ^^) obtained by subtracting the experience-derived braking distance. distance (5gr) from the setting distance (Sg ^), that there is a trip counter (C3) which, as the elevator car (6) passes the first signal device (M1) of the floor via the signal exchange of the switch (15) thus excited, starts counting, and that there is a comparator (KO) which is equal to the start distance of the braking counter ( 5 ^. ^), produces a signal that determines the starting point of braking. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that there are second signaling devices (M2, M3) per layer and in the direction of travel, which are arranged at a smaller distance from the floor level, whereby a first, second and third distance (D1, D2, D3) between signaling devices (M1, M2, M3, M4). Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the setting distance (S1) is formed as the sum of the first distance (D1) and half of the second distance (D2). Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the setting distance is formed by the sum of the first distance (D1) added to the first distance (D1) divided by the ratio between the first * distance (D1) and the second distance half (D2). Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that it is an average (DO) formed from the first and third distances (D1, D3), wherein the set value (^ j_j_) is formed from the sum obtained when the average (DO) is added to the average (DO). divided by the ratio between the half of the first distance (D1) and the second distance (D2). Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the distances (D1, D2, D3) stored in the distance table (RAMI) are calculation states of the trip calculator (C3) which can be corrected as the elevator car (6) repeatedly passes the floors. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the braking distance table (RAM2) is in the form of a memory in which speed / braking distance value pairs derived from one value pair measured by the first braking are stored, whereby the stored braking distances can be corrected as a result of other braking. Θ. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the layer correction table (RAM3) is in the form of a memory in which the correction values (Kg ^) IA 74684 are stored for layers with special friction conditions which are added to the braking distance (Sgr) when calculating the braking start distance Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the speed measuring apparatus consists of a pulse transmitter (26), a time measuring apparatus (CPU) and a speed register (CA), measuring the time between two adjacent pulses of the pulse transmitter (26), generating an inverse value and storing it. as an instantaneous speed value to the speed register (CA). Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the pulse transmitter (26) consists of a reflective film (27) and a reflective light port (28), the reflective film (27) being attached to a rotating disk (7) connected to the lifting motor (1) and having reflective and non-reflective zones. Patentkrav 7 4 6 8 4