FI74547C - Method for determining a binary gas mixture mixing prop orthion. - Google Patents
Method for determining a binary gas mixture mixing prop orthion. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FI74547C FI74547C FI861857A FI861857A FI74547C FI 74547 C FI74547 C FI 74547C FI 861857 A FI861857 A FI 861857A FI 861857 A FI861857 A FI 861857A FI 74547 C FI74547 C FI 74547C
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
- G01N29/024—Analysing fluids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/32—Arrangements for suppressing undesired influences, e.g. temperature or pressure variations, compensating for signal noise
- G01N29/326—Arrangements for suppressing undesired influences, e.g. temperature or pressure variations, compensating for signal noise compensating for temperature variations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/021—Gases
- G01N2291/0212—Binary gases
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Description
7454774547
MENETELMÄ BINÄÄRISEN KAASUSEOKSEN SEOSSUHTEEN MÄÄRÄÄMISEKSIMETHOD FOR DETERMINING THE MIXTURE OF A BINARY GAS MIXTURE
Tämän keksinnön kohteena on äänen etenemisnopeuden ja lämpötilan mittaamiseen perustuva menetelmä binäärisen kaasuseoksen seossuhteen määrittämiseksi. Binääriseksi seokseksi luetaan tässä myös sellainen monikcrponenttinen seos, joka voidaan jakaa kahteen osaan siten, että 5 kummankin osan koostumus säilyy muuttumattomana ja vain niiden keskinäinen seossuhde vaihtelee.The present invention relates to a method for determining the mixture ratio of a binary gas mixture based on the measurement of the speed and temperature of sound. A binary mixture is also considered here to be a multi-component mixture which can be divided into two parts so that the composition of each part remains unchanged and only their relative mixture ratio varies.
Äänen etenemisnopeuden mittaamiseen perustuvaa kosteusmittaria on kuvattu suomalaisessa patentissa nro 54977 "Kuivausprosessin poisto-höngän kosteuden mittalaite". Patenttijulkaisun mukaisella laitteella 10 mittaus suoritetaan siten, että mitta-anturissa on yksi äänilähde ja kaksi ilmaisinta. Teknilliseksi ratkaisuksi esitetään kiinteällä taajuudella lähetetyn äänen tarkkaa vaihemittausta. Menetelmän haittana on saavuttaa riittävä tarkkuus voimakkaassa teollisuusmelussa. Äänen etenemisnopeuteen perustuu myös Mahlo GMBH -yhtiön markkinoima kosteus-15 mittari, missä paineilmakäyttöisen injektorin avulla tutkittavasta atmosfääristä imetään näytevirta fluidistorioskillaattoriin, jonka sävelkorkeus määräytyy äänen etenemisnopeudesta näytekaasussa, mutta myös likaantumiselle herkän resonaattorin mitoista. Äskettäin akustista kosteusmittausta on tarkasteltu artikkelissa Morris & Dagle, "A Fast 20 Response Sonic Hygrometer", Moisture and Humidity 1985, Proceedings of the 1985 International Symposium on Moisture and Humidity, Washington DC, April 15 - 18, 1985.A moisture meter based on the measurement of the speed of sound is described in Finnish patent No. 54977 "Drying moisture meter for the drying process". With the device 10 according to the patent publication, the measurement is performed in such a way that the measuring sensor has one sound source and two detectors. The technical solution is an accurate phase measurement of the sound transmitted at a fixed frequency. The disadvantage of this method is to achieve sufficient accuracy in high industrial noise. The speed of sound is also based on a humidity-15 meter marketed by Mahlo GMBH, where a sample stream is sucked from the atmosphere to be examined by a compressed air injector into a fluidistor oscillator, the pitch of which is determined by the sound rate in the sample gas. Recently, acoustic humidity measurement has been reviewed in Morris & Dagle, "A Fast 20 Response Sonic Hygrometer," Moisture and Humidity 1985, Proceedings of the 1985 International Symposium on Moisture and Humidity, Washington DC, April 15-18, 1985.
Tämän keksinnön mukaisella menetelmällä on tarkoitus poistaa tunnetuissa ratkaisumalleissa esiintyvät epäkohdat. Keksinnölle on tunnus-25 omaista patenttivaatimuksesta ilmenevät seikat.The method according to the invention is intended to eliminate the drawbacks present in the known solution models. The invention is characterized by the features of the claim.
Tässä keksinnössä äänen etenemisnopeuden tarkka mittaaminen perustuu ensinnäkin akustisen aaltoputken käyttöön, jonka tarkoituksena on muodostaa tarkasti määritelty mittausgecmetria ja eristää mittaustila ympäristömelusta. Toiseksi käytetty äänilähete on laajakaistainen, mikä 30 sallii kulkuajan määrämisen vastaanotetun signaalin autokorrelaatio-funktiosta tai tarkoituksenmukaisesti muodostetusta ristikorrelaatio-furiktiosta.In the present invention, the accurate measurement of the speed of sound propagation is based, firstly, on the use of an acoustic waveguide, the purpose of which is to form a well-defined measurement geometry and to isolate the measurement space from ambient noise. Second, the audio transmission used is wideband, which allows the transit time to be determined from the autocorrelation function of the received signal or from an appropriately formed cross-correlation fiction.
2 745472 74547
Akustisen aaltoputken käyttö tarjoaa myös siinä suhteessa huomattavaa etua, että äänilähetin ja vastaanotin voidaan sijoittaa useinkin ongelmia aiheuttavan mittausatmos f äärin ulkopuolelle tarvittaessa ääntä läpäisevän kalvon erottamaksi.The use of an acoustic waveguide also offers a considerable advantage in that the audio transmitter and receiver can often be placed outside the edge of the measuring atmosphere causing the problem, if necessary to be separated by a sound-transmitting membrane.
5 Akustisella aaltoputkella en myös luontevaa järjestää äänelle lähetti-meltä vastaanottimelle kaksi eripitkää reittiä, joiden kulkuaikaero riippuu vain itse aaltoputken mekaanisesta rakenteesta ja sai sisältämästä kaasusta, matta ei lainkaan äänilähettimestä tai vastaanottimesta. Tällöin yhdeltä ainoalta vastaanottimelta tallennetun äänisignaalin 10 autckorrelaatiofuriktiossa näkyy kaksi sivupiikkiä, jotka sijaitsevat synmetrisesti em. kulkuaikaeron päässä origosta (kuva 1).5 With an acoustic waveguide, I also do not naturally arrange two different lengths of sound from the transmitter to the receiver, the travel time difference of which depends only on the mechanical structure of the waveguide itself and the gas contained in it, not at all from the sound transmitter or receiver. In this case, the autocorrelation furiction of the audio signal 10 recorded from a single receiver shows two side peaks which are located symmetrically at the above-mentioned travel time difference from the origin (Fig. 1).
Kaasuissa äänen etenemisnopeus C saadaan tunnetusta kaavasta (1) C = (γΚΓ/Μ)1/2, missä 15 y on adiabaattivakio R on yleinen kaasuvakio = 0,082056 [dm3»atm/nol K] T on lämpötila [k] M on keskimääräinen itolekyylipainoIn gases, the speed of sound C is obtained from the known formula (1) C = (γΚΓ / Μ) 1/2, where 15 y is the adiabatic constant R is the general gas constant = 0.082056 [dm3 »atm / nol K] T is the temperature [k] M is average itolecular weight
Mittaamalla kaasun länpotila ja äänen etenemisnopeus voidaan laskea 20 keskimääräinen molekyylipaino.By measuring the gas state and the speed of sound propagation, the average molecular weight can be calculated.
Keskimääräinen molekyylipaino määrää puolestaan binäärin kaasuseoksen seososuudet. Esim. ilma voidaan ajatella kuivan ilman ja vesihöyryn binääriseokseksi. Ky 1 lästymattcmän ilman absoluuttinen kosteus voidaan laskea kaavastaThe average molecular weight, in turn, determines the mixture proportions of the binary gas mixture. For example, air can be thought of as a binary mixture of dry air and water vapor. The absolute humidity of Ky 1 inert air can be calculated from the formula
MM
p · M 1 - Mp · M 1 - M
25 (2) p = -^--[g/am3] 2 RT 1 _ \o25 (2) p = - ^ - [g / am3] 2 RT 1 _ \ o
MdMd
IIII
74547 3 Tässä p on ilman paine M. on kuivan ilman molekyylipaino 28,964 a M en veden nolekyylipaino 18,01574547 3 Here p is the air pressure M. is the molecular weight of dry air 28,964 a M is the molecular weight of water 18,015
H0OH0O
5 ja2 M kaavasta (1) ratkaistu keskimääräinen molekyylipaino γΚΓ (3) M = .5 and 2 M average molecular weight solved from formula (1) γΚΓ (3) M =.
C2C2
Suoran, lähettimeltä vastaanottimelle johtavan aaltoputkiyhteyden lisäksi tarvittava toinen kulkureitti voidaan muodostaa mitattavaan 10 atmosfääriin sijoitetusta sivuhaarasta, jonka päästä ääni heijastuu takaisin päähaaraan. Äänen edestakaisella etenemisellä eliminoituu kaasun virtausnopeuden vaikutus äänen kulkuaikaan. Sivuhaara voi myös jakautua useaan rinnakkaiseen, samanpituiseen haaraan. Haarassa olevan kaasun tulee olla riittävästi yhteydessä mitattavaan atmosfääriin, 15 jotta anturi reagoisi nopeasti atmosfäärin muutoksiin.In addition to the direct waveguide connection from the transmitter to the receiver, the required second travel path can be formed from a side branch placed in the atmosphere to be measured 10, from the end of which the sound is reflected back to the main branch. As the sound travels back and forth, the effect of the gas flow rate on the sound travel time is eliminated. The side branch can also be divided into several parallel branches of the same length. The gas in the branch must be sufficiently in contact with the atmosphere to be measured for the sensor to react quickly to changes in the atmosphere.
Koska korrelaatiofunktion muodostaminen ja tarkan kulkuaikaercn laskeminen siitä edellyttävät selvästi itse anturia kalliimpaa elektroniikkaa, päästään taloudellisempaan toteutukseen usein sillä, että useita antureita kytketään multiplexerillä vuorotellen samaan mittauselektro-20 nilkkaan.Since the generation of the correlation function and the calculation of the exact travel time from it clearly require more expensive electronics than the sensor itself, a more economical implementation is often achieved by connecting several sensors alternately to the same measuring electrode at the multiplexer.
Laajakaistaisen lähetteen valinneissa on otettava huomioon ensinnäkin, että yksinkertaisin korrelaattori huomioi vain onko signaali keskiarvonsa ylä- vai alapuolella (polariteettikorrelaattori), mutta jättää signaalin amplitudin täysin huomiotta. Toiseksi on otettava huomioon, 25 että äänen edetessä kaasutäytteisessä akustisessa aaltoputkessa korkeat taajuudet vaimenevat selvästi matalia taajuuksia enemmän. Laajakaistainen lähete voi olla kohinatyyppinen tai taajuuspyyhkäisy. Korkeat taajuudet ovat erityisen tärkeitä pyrittäessä tarkkaan kulkuaikaeron määrittämiseen.When choosing a broadband transmission, it must be taken into account, first, that the simplest correlator only considers whether the signal is above or below its average (polarity correlator), but completely ignores the amplitude of the signal. Second, it must be borne in mind 25 that as sound progresses in a gas-filled acoustic waveguide, the high frequencies are attenuated clearly more than the low frequencies. The broadband transmission can be noise type or frequency scanning. High frequencies are especially important in accurately determining the travel time difference.
30 Hakemuksen mukainen menetelmä ja erityisesti menetelmän mukaan valmistetut seossuhdemittarit voivat suurestikin vaihdella patenttivaatimusten puitteissa.The method according to the application, and in particular the mixture ratio meters manufactured according to the method, can vary greatly within the scope of the claims.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI861857A FI74547C (en) | 1986-05-02 | 1986-05-02 | Method for determining a binary gas mixture mixing prop orthion. |
PCT/FI1987/000058 WO1987006703A1 (en) | 1986-05-02 | 1987-04-30 | Method for defining the mixture ratio in binary gas mixtures |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI861857 | 1986-05-02 | ||
FI861857A FI74547C (en) | 1986-05-02 | 1986-05-02 | Method for determining a binary gas mixture mixing prop orthion. |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FI861857A0 FI861857A0 (en) | 1986-05-02 |
FI74547B FI74547B (en) | 1987-10-30 |
FI74547C true FI74547C (en) | 1988-02-08 |
Family
ID=8522557
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FI861857A FI74547C (en) | 1986-05-02 | 1986-05-02 | Method for determining a binary gas mixture mixing prop orthion. |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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FI (1) | FI74547C (en) |
WO (1) | WO1987006703A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0533980A1 (en) * | 1991-09-26 | 1993-03-31 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for determining the concentration or fuel gas in the air |
US5392635A (en) * | 1993-12-30 | 1995-02-28 | At&T Corp. | Acoustic analysis of gas mixtures |
US5625140A (en) * | 1995-12-12 | 1997-04-29 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Acoustic analysis of gas mixtures |
CN102914589B (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2014-09-10 | 郑州光力科技股份有限公司 | Method for detecting methane concentration by ultrasonic waves |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1812310A1 (en) * | 1968-12-03 | 1970-06-18 | Goecke Dipl Ing Dieter | Acoustical gas analyser |
DE2433764A1 (en) * | 1974-07-13 | 1976-01-22 | Monforts Fa A | DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE MIXING RATIO OF BINARY GASES |
FI54977C (en) * | 1978-02-10 | 1979-04-10 | Ilkka Markus Leino | MAINTENANCE FOR FUNCTIONAL OPERATING ACTIVITIES WITH ENTRY |
NO791305L (en) * | 1978-08-04 | 1980-02-05 | Sub Sea Oil Services Ssos | Gas analyzers |
DE3046081C2 (en) * | 1980-12-06 | 1987-04-23 | Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh, 7500 Karlsruhe | Acoustic gas analyzer |
US4596133A (en) * | 1983-07-29 | 1986-06-24 | Panametrics, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for measuring fluid flow parameters |
US4662212A (en) * | 1984-09-10 | 1987-05-05 | Sumitomo Bakelite Company Limited | Measuring instrument for concentration of gas |
-
1986
- 1986-05-02 FI FI861857A patent/FI74547C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1987
- 1987-04-30 WO PCT/FI1987/000058 patent/WO1987006703A1/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI861857A0 (en) | 1986-05-02 |
FI74547B (en) | 1987-10-30 |
WO1987006703A1 (en) | 1987-11-05 |
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MM | Patent lapsed |
Owner name: VALTION TEKNILLINEN TUTKIMUSKESKUS |