FI73444C - Polymeric material for physico-chemical separation of substances and processes for the preparation of the material. - Google Patents

Description

1 73444

This invention relates to a polymeric material for physicochemical separation of substances comprising a solid dispersion of a porous, three-dimensional material in a present state having a buocosite diameter of 0.0025 to 10 μm and a permeation coefficient of 2. x 10 "^ - 2 x 10"? · cm · sec- · * ·.

The substance of the present invention can be used for the separation of substances in various physicochemical processes such as sorption, ion exchange, emulsion separation, reverse osmosis, hyperfiltration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, liquid and gas purification, dust capture and effluent purification such as in processes requiring separation or removal.

In many industries, there is a need to separate and recover substances during the basic manufacturing steps. As technology advances, the quality of the substance used to aid in separation and recovery has become increasingly important. The quality of the release agent must meet the requirements for solving the following problems: 1) recovery of valuable substances; 2) process water regeneration; 3) treatment of process solutions and gases; 4) cleaning of effluents, which is of primary importance for the protection of the environment.

Numerous naturally occurring polymers in the form of cotton and wool fabrics have already been used as release agents. There is currently a general effort to replace cotton and wool filter fabrics with filter materials made of synthetic polymeric fibers such as polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polyamide fibers.

These materials only ensure the separation of substances according to the sieve effect, which does not allow the separation of 2 73444 substances according to their type and properties.

The depth and selectivity of the separation are substantially increased in the case where the filtration process involves a reverse osmosis or ultrafiltration phenomenon. For this purpose, special membrane partition walls are intentionally made. Acetylcellulose membranes prepared by wet coagulation of a formamide solution of acetylcellulose are most commonly used (see U.S. Patent 3,666,508).

The disadvantage of acetylcellulose filtration aids is their chemical instability; they have low performance properties, limited service life and low resistance in acidic media.

To overcome the above disadvantages and increase resistance to corrosive media, Millipore Inc. has proposed the fabrication of membrane filters based on polytetrafluoroethylene or polyvinyl chloride. However, these filter aids, when chemically highly resistant, have a hydrophobic nature and therefore cannot be used in aqueous solution filtration processes.

Akzona Inc. has proposed a new process for making microporous polyolefin-based polymers (see U.S. Patent 4,247,498). In this process, polyolefins are dissolved at elevated temperature in aromatic hydrocarbons, amines, alcohols or ketones, after which the heated solutions are cooled. The materials thus produced represent, according to the company, a new generation of porous materials bearing the trademark "Accurel" and having an adjusted pore diameter of 0.2-0.4 μm.

Thus, there is currently a lack of a polymeric filter media in the art that has the required combination of properties and satisfies the current requirements for the purification, separation, recovery, removal of material 3 73444, i. which would be versatile in this particular field of application and at the same time selective as well as effective.

It is an object of the present invention to provide such a polymeric filter media having a wide range of filtration capacities, i. which would be suitable for various physico-chemical separation processes of substances and which would have a high separation efficiency, operational stability and be simple to manufacture.

This is achieved by a polymeric material suitable for the physicochemical separation of the substances, which according to the invention contains a porous polymer having a three-dimensional structure as a solid dispersion with a pore diameter of 0.002 to 10 and a permeation coefficient of 2 x 10 to 2 x 10 cm · sec

According to the present invention, this polymeric substance is prepared by reacting formaldehyde with at least one monomer capable of forming a polymer having a three-dimensional structure with formaldehyde in the presence of a polymerization catalyst in an aqueous medium to maintain a pH of 0.1-4 and a polymer concentration of 20-65. % by weight, after which it is allowed to stand until a solid dispersion with a pore diameter of 0.002 to 10 μm and a permeability coefficient of 2 x 10 to 2 x 10 cm * sec is formed.

The polymeric filter media of the present invention has a high separation efficiency in various physicochemical processes such as sorption, ion exchange, emulsion separation, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration and the like. This material has high mechanical strength and osmotic stability. As a solid piece, it can be easily exposed to any machining. The material according to the invention can be used to make bodies of virtually any shape.

The polymeric substance of the present invention is characterized in that it contains a polymer having the basic unit formula: ____ R - CH2 - OH2C R _____ m “* · o» · <X, · ρχ, χί

_ / OH

ου -4- 1] 3 X JJ, -nh-co-nh2, -nh-cs-nh2,

SÖ ^ II

0H N <NH2 -ΝΗΛ7, n = 0'2 · L2

Depending on the structure of the polymer base unit as well as its permeability and pore size, there are various possible embodiments of the materials of the present invention. A polymeric substance in which the basic unit has the formula: CH2 ^ 'OH2C --—. .. where n = 0-2

HO ^ ° H

is useful in separating emulsions by fusion.

A polymeric substance in which the basic unit has the formula: where OH!

Il 5 73444 is useful mainly in the recovery of arsenic.

Polymeric substance in which the basic unit has the formula:

OH ^ OH

** CHj— ^ · OH2C '—— ... where n is 0-2

HO OH

is useful in thallium recovery.

Polymeric substance in which the basic unit has the formula:

OH

HO I

\ 11- CH ~ —f OH0cJ-t- l) where n - 0-2 * I *

OH

is useful in electron transfer and primarily for oxygen removal.

Polymeric substance in which the basic unit has the formula:

OH OH

CH2-fOH2C] in 1 - n = 0 "2

SO3H SO3H

is useful in ion exchange and mainly for water softening.

Polymeric substance in which the basic unit has the formula:

OH QH

^ φ-εΗ2 ^ ΟΗ2θ3 ^ · '-φΐ ^ where n = 0-2' ^ 3 i »f * 6 73444 is useful in the sorption of dissolved organic constituents.

Polymeric substance in which the basic unit has the formula: ... - nh - CS - N - CH-5-f 0HoC - NH - CS - N ---- | 2 L 2 n j »r» »where n = 0-2, is useful in ion exchange separation and primarily for the recovery of heavy metal ions.

A polymeric substance in which the basic unit has the formula: ™ - CH2-j-OHH2 j-s-NH;

) r \ I

. . .-HN - (/ N n 'N- · · ·

N = / \ = N

I where n = 0-2

NH NH

I I

'

i I

I I

is useful in the anion exchange separation of oxygen anions and the separation of molybdenum from rhenium.

A polymeric substance in which the basic unit has the formula: ---- NH - CO - N - CH ~ --OHoC - NH - CO - N - I 2 I-2 J "|:; n = 0-2 where n = 0 -2, is useful for filtration in highly basic media.

One advantage of the agent of the present invention is its efficient filtration capacity in separation processes: sorption, ion exchange, emulsion separation, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis and the like. It allows the quantitative recovery of solute 7 73444 components such as arsenic, antimony, molybdenum, thallium and the like. This substance can be effectively used in the filtration of liquids, in the purification of gases and in the capture of dust.

It has already been mentioned above that the polymeric material suitable for the physicochemical separation of the substances according to the present invention contains a three-dimensional porous polymer in the form of a solid dispersion with a pore diameter of 0.002 to 10 μm and a transmittance of 2 x 10 2 x 10 μm.

A characteristic feature of the polymeric filter media of the present invention is the solid dispersion state of the polymer. By "solid dispersion" is meant a state of the polymer in which the properties of both the suspension and the solid body coincide when water is dispersed in the polymer.

Another characteristic of the polymeric filter media of the present invention is its three-dimensional structure. A further feature of the substance according to the invention is its porosity and permeability. The pore diameter -7 -2 is 0.002 to 10 -um and the transmittance is 2 x 10 to 2 x 10. -1 'cm · sec This polymeric substance is prepared by a process which, according to the present invention, comprises reacting formaldehyde with at least one monomer capable of forming a three-dimensional polymer with formaldehyde. The reaction is carried out in the presence of a polymerization catalyst in an aqueous medium. During the reaction, the pH of the medium is maintained in the range of 0.1 to 4 and the concentration of the polymer obtained is adjusted to 20 to 65% by weight. Once the polymer concentration is reached in this range, the polymer and its solutions are stored until a solid polymer dispersion is formed.

8,7444 As the starting monomer suitable for reacting with formaldehyde, any monomer capable of forming a three-dimensional structure with formaldehyde can be used. Examples of such monomers include phenol, polyhydric phenols, cresols, sulfophenol compounds, urea compounds and the like. Ydis such as bases and acids can be used as the polymerization catalyst.

The reaction is carried out at a temperature of 20 to 90 ° C depending on the starting monomer and the type of polymerization catalyst chosen.

The molar ratio of formaldehyde to monomer ranges from 1.3: 1 to 8.0: 1.

As mentioned above, the concentration of the polymer obtained during the reaction is kept at 20 to 65% by weight. The lower limit is determined by the fact that when the concentration of the polymer in the solution is less than 20%, the substance does not have any solid dispersion state. i. the polymer disperses and loses its properties as defined above. The upper limit of the polymer content is determined by the fact that when the concentration of the polymer exceeds 65%, its porosity decreases and its permeability thus decreases. Failure to comply with the concentration range defined above will therefore result in the absence of a substance with the desired properties. During the reaction, the pH of the reaction mass is maintained in the range of 0.1-4. Below pH 0.1, the porosity decreases and thus also the permeability of the substance. Above pH 4, the degree of interparticle adhesion decreases and the substance is not obtained in the form of a solid dispersion. If the polymerization reaction is carried out in special molds, it is possible to obtain both the substance and a part thereof simultaneously. The body may have a different shape depending on its end use, such as tubes, sheets, films, fibers, capillaries, and the like.

The method according to the present invention is carried out in practice as follows. The above starting ingredients - formaldehyde and monomer in a molar ratio of 1.3-8.0: 1 - are mixed with an aqueous medium and stored until a product in the form of a solid dispersion is formed, while maintaining a polymer content of 20-65% and a pH of 0.1 -4. The product obtained is porous, permeable and three-dimensional. The product is a commercial product and ready for use. As can be seen from the description, the method is easy to implement and can be easily implemented on a commercial scale because it does not require any special equipment or expensive hard-to-obtain ingredients. Another advantage of the present invention is that it is possible to simultaneously produce both a substance and a body thereof.

The invention will be described in more detail below by means of examples illustrating a polymeric filter medium and a process for its preparation according to the present invention. Unless otherwise stated, the concentrations of the substances in all examples are expressed as percentages by weight.

Example 1

670 g of phenol, 187 ml of a 35% aqueous solution of formaldehyde, 190 g of paraform and 26 g of sodium hydroxide are charged to the reaction vessel. The reaction mixture is kept at 60 [deg.] C. for 90 min, after which 996 ml of 98% acetic acid and hydrochloric acid are added to pH 3.

The resulting solution with a concentration of 43% of the polymer formed is maintained at 70 ° C for 25 h. After this period, the polymer is removed from the reaction vessel. This polymer has a three-dimensional structure and consists of a solid dispersion with a pore diameter of 20-40 Å and a permeation coefficient of -7 -1 2.2 x 10 cm * sec. This substance is used as a separation membrane in reverse osmosis processes.

Example 2

A three-necked reactor equipped with a stirrer, reflux condenser and thermometer 10 73444 is charged with 323 g of phenol, 370 ml of 35% aqueous formaldehyde and 13 g of sodium hydroxide. The mixture is stirred and kept at 60 ° C for 90 minutes, after which 1.376 ml of 98% acetic acid and hydrochloric acid are added at pH 3. To obtain a solution with a concentration of 21% of the polymer formed, pour it into a stainless steel mold with a flange. , with a height of 280 mm and an inner diameter of 120 mm, to which a rod with an outer diameter of 70 mm is fitted coaxially. The filled mold is sealed and fitted in a heat chamber at a temperature of 80 ° C. After a delay time of 25 hours, the mold is cooled and a yellow body with a height of 270 mm and a filter wall thickness of 25 mm is removed.

The obtained body has the following properties: pore diameter -3 -1 beam 8-10 μm, transmittance 5.7 x 10 cm-sec.

This body is tested in emulsion fusion separation. An aqueous emulsion of 66 mg / l kerosene is passed through the polymeric body at a rate of 590 l / h. At the outlet end of the body, an easily and quickly separable system is formed, consisting of two phases: an aqueous phase with 0.7 mg / l of kerosene and an organic phase with 0.18 g / l of water.

Example 3

The reaction vessel is charged with 454 ml of a 30.6% aqueous solution of pyrocatechol, 144 ml of a 37% aqueous solution of formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid to pH 2. The solution is stirred at 60 ° C for 1 hour and 45 minutes. It is then cooled to 30.7 ° C. The resulting solution with a polymer concentration of 32% is maintained at 30.7 ° C for 46 h and at 82 ° C for 30 h. The three-dimensional polymer is then removed from the vessel; the product consists of a solid dispersion with a pore diameter of 4-7 μm and a transmittance (_4 _i 'coefficient of 8.6 x 10 cm · sec

The substance thus prepared is tested in a process for the purification of solutions from electrolytic 11,734,44 copper production. A stock solution having the following composition (g / l): copper - 47.0, arsenic - 11.8, nickel - 18.7, antimony - 0.8, slurry - 0.1, sulfuric acid - 160, is passed through the substance for one hour for 24 l of a filtrate having the following composition (g / l): copper 47.0, arsenic 10.9, nickel -18.7, antimony 0.1, slurry 0.018, sulfuric acid 160. Filtration capacity regenerated by purification with compressed air and elution of antimony is achieved by treatment with 7 N hydrochloric acid. During elution, 1.0 l of eluate with 16.3 g / l of antimony is obtained.

Example 4

The reaction vessel is charged with 454 ml of 30.6% aqueous pyrocatechol solution, 144 ml of 37% aqueous formaldehyde solution and hydrochloric acid to pH 2. The solution is stirred at 55 ° C for 1 hour and 50 min, cooled to 32.6 ° C. . The resulting solution with a concentration of 32% of the polymer formed is maintained at 32.6 ° C for 46 h and at 82 ° C for 30 h. The polymer is then removed from the vessel; it has a three-dimensional structure and consists of a solid dispersion with a pore diameter of -4 -1 to 3-5 μm and a transmittance of 1.2 x 10 cm · sec The substance thus produced is tested in a process in which sulfuric acid is purified from arsenic. The stock solution has the following composition (g / l): arsenic - 3.5, iron - 0.98, sulfuric acid -380, passed through the substance at a volume rate of 200 unit-volume / h. Doing so gives a filtrate having the following composition (g / l): arsenic - 0.007, iron - 0.83, sulfuric acid - 366. The substance is regenerated by treating it with water at 70 ° C.

Example 5

The reaction mixture is prepared by mixing 1.15 l of a 44.0% aqueous solution of resorcinol, 498 ml of a 35% aqueous solution of formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid to pH 4, and stirring is continued for a further 3 h. The resulting solution with a polymer concentration is 40%, molded into 14 molds made of polyethylene. The mold has two concentric fitted tubes and the space between the tubes is filled with a solution of the polymer obtained above. The charged molds are fitted to a water thermostat at a temperature of 20 ° C. After 24 hours, the molds are transferred to a heat chamber at a temperature of 80 ° C and kept there for 48 h. The molds are subsequently removed from tubular bodies with good mechanical strength; the length of the pieces is 341 mm, the thickness of the filter wall is 4 mm, the pore diameter is 0.03-0.06 μm and the transmittance “6“ 1 is 8.6 x 10 cm · sec. The final compressive strength of the piece 2 is 250 kg / cm.

The polymeric tubular bodies thus prepared are tested in an ultrafiltration process. For ultrafiltration purification, there is a copper electrolyte having the composition below (g / l); sulfuric acid - 153, copper - 45, nickel - 12, arsenic - 8, antimony - 0.8, dispersed sludge inclusions - 0.048 (pore size 0.04-0.1 μm), emulsified organic substances - 0.18 .

The filtrate obtained contains (g / l): sulfuric acid - 153, copper - 45, nickel - 12, arsenic - 8, antimony - 0.8, dispersed sludge inclusions - none, emulsified organic substances - 0.001. The yield of the filtrate is 98%, the concentrate contains about 2.3 g / l of slurry inclusions and 9 g / l of emulsified organic substances.

Use of the ultrafilter unit for 150 h did not reveal any noticeable change in the filtration properties of the tubular polymeric bodies.

Example 6

The reaction vessel is charged with 452 ml of a 30% aqueous solution of resorcinol, 138 ml of a 37% aqueous solution of formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid to pH 4, and the reaction mass is stirred for 13 to 4-6 h. The resulting solution with a polymer concentration of 38% is kept under At 46 ° C for 46 h and then at 82 ° C for 24 h. At the end of this period, the polymer is removed from the reaction vessel; the product has a three-dimensional structure and consists of a solid dispersion with a pore diameter of 6-9 μm and a permeability coefficient of -3 -1.6 x 10 cm-sec This polymer is tested in a process for the purification of waste liquids from the production of lead and zinc from thallium. The stock solution (pH = 9) has the following composition (g / l); zinc - 1.5, cadmium - 0.2, thallium - 0.02 and is passed through the polymer at a rate of 400 unit volumes / h. The filtrate contains (g / l): zinc - 1.5, cadmium - 0.2, trace amounts of thallium. Reaction of the polymer is achieved by treatment with 15% acetic acid to give an eluate with 11.8 g / l thallium.

Example 7

200 ml of a 55% aqueous solution of hydroquinone, 226 ml of a 37% aqueous solution of formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid are charged to the reaction vessel to pH 0.1 and stirring is continued for 90 min. The resulting solution with a concentration of 45% of the polymer formed is maintained at 50 ° C for 24 h and at 83 ° C for 48 h. After this period, the polymer is removed from the reaction vessel; the product has a three-dimensional structure and consists of a solid dispersion with a pore--3 -1 diameter of 5-7 μm and a filtration coefficient of 1.9 x 10 cm · sec This substance is tested in a process in which oxygen is removed from water.

Example 8

A three-necked reactor equipped with a stirrer, reflux condenser and thermometer is charged with 324 g of m-cresol, 226 ml of a 37% aqueous formaldehyde solution, 98 g of paraform and 17 g of sodium hydroxide. The mixture is stirred and maintained at 60 DEG C. for 90 minutes, after which 892 ml of 98% acetic acid and hydrochloric acid are added to pH 1. The resulting solution with a concentration of 31% of the polymer formed is kept at 80 DEG C. at. After 25 hours, the three-dimensional polymer is removed from the vessel; the product consists of a solid dispersion with a pore diameter of 3-5 μm and a transmittance of -4 -1 1.1 x 10 cm · sec The substance thus produced is tested in a process in which dissolved organic constituents are removed. The stock solution contains 5 mg / l of kerosene and is passed through the substance at a rate of 200 unit volumes per hour. No kerosene is detected by chromatography on the effluent. The substance is regenerated by treating it with fresh steam.

Example 9

The reaction mixture is prepared by dissolving 160 g of urea in 220 ml of a 35% aqueous formaldehyde solution, followed by the addition of 10 g of resorcinol. The mixture is stirred for 15 min at pH 4. The resulting solution with a concentration of the polymer formed of 59 is poured into molds. The molds are made of coaxial polyethylene tubes and the solution is poured into the space between the tubes. The filled molds are kept at room temperature, after 24 hours they are placed in an oven at 80 ° C and kept there for 48 h. The molds are then removed; they have a tubular shape and high mechanical strength and a length of 170 mm, a filter wall thickness of 4 mm, a pore diameter of -7 -1 instead of 0.003-0.008 μm and a transmittance of 3.6 x 10 cm * sec

The polymeric tube pieces thus prepared are used in reverse osmosis.

Example 10

The reaction mixture is prepared by combining 1.3 l of a 37% aqueous solution of urea, 72 ml of 17% phosphoric acid and 811 ml

II

is 7 3444 of a 35% aqueous solution of formaldehyde. The mixture is stirred for 2 min at pH 3.5. The resulting solution having a concentration of 34% of the polymer formed is poured into the space between the tubes of a stainless steel mold having a flange having a height of 280 mm and an inner diameter of 120 mm fitted with a rod having an outer diameter of 70 mm. The filled mold is kept at room temperature for 2 h and at 80 ° C for 24 h. After cooling, the body is removed in the form of a opaque white thick-walled tube. The body thus prepared consists of a polymer in the state of a solid dispersion with a pore diameter of 0.7 to 0.9 μm, a permeability coefficient of 7.3 x 10 x 1 cm * sec, a breaking strength of 0.07 MPa; it is chemically resistant to strongly basic media.

The piece is used as a filter cartridge; its retention capacity with respect to the solid phase of a clay suspension having a pore size of 1 μm is substantially equal to 100% and is completely regenerable by cleaning with compressed air in the opposite direction.

Example 11

The reaction mixture is prepared by combining 1.0 L of a 43% aqueous solution of urea, 232 mL of a 19% aqueous solution of resorcinol, 55 mL of 15% phosphoric acid, and 875 mL of a 35% aqueous solution of formaldehyde. The mixture is stirred for 2 min at pH 4.0. The resulting solution having a polymer concentration of 34% is poured into a space between the tubes of a stainless steel mold having a flange having a height of 280 mm and an inner diameter of 120 mm fitted with a rod having an outer diameter of 70 mm. The filled mold is kept at room temperature for 2 h and at 80 ° C for 24 h. After cooling, the pieces are removed; its substance has a three-dimensional structure and is in the form of a solid dispersion with a pore diameter of 0.9-1.8 -4 -1 μm, a filtration coefficient of 1.2 x 10 cm · sec and a breaking strength of 2.7 kgf / cm.

16 73444

The piece is used as a filter cartridge.

Example 12

A three-necked reactor equipped with a stirrer, reflux condenser and thermometer was charged with 396 g of melamine, 739 ml of 35% aqueous formaldehyde and 53 ml of 26% aqueous ammonia. The mixture is stirred at 60 [deg.] C. for 120 minutes, then 351 ml of water are added together with 351 ml of 98% acetic acid. The resulting solution having a pH of 4 and a concentration of 33% of the polymer formed is poured into the space between the tubes of a mold made of coaxial stainless steel tubes. The filled mold is placed in a 70 ° C oven. After a delay of 25 hours, the song is deleted as it has a white color. height 275 mm and filter wall thickness 25 mm. The body of the body has a three-dimensional structure and consists of a solid dispersion with a pore diameter of 0.4-0.6 μm and a transmittance of -5-1 '3.6 x 10 cm · sec

The body thus prepared is tested in a molybdenum-rhenium separation process. Stock solution having a pH of 1 and having the following composition (g / l); rhenium - 0.18, molybdenum - 0.42m is filtered through the body at a rate of 200 unit volumes / h. The solution leaving the body is essentially free of moleybdenum, while the concentration of rhenium remains essentially unchanged, i. in this way molybdenum is completely separated from the rhenium. The filter element is regenerated by treatment with 10% ammonia solution to give an eluate with 8.8 g / l molybdenum.

Example 13

A three-necked reactor equipped with a stirrer, reflux condenser and thermometer is charged with 500 g of melamine, 945 ml of 35% aqueous formaldehyde and 61 ml of 26% aqueous ammonia. The mixture is stirred at 60 [deg.] C. for 120 minutes, after which 17,734,444 430 ml of a solution having the following composition (g / l) are added: hydrochloric acid - 37, resorcinol - 117. The resulting solution has a pH of 4 and the concentration of polymer formed is 52. %, is cast in the space between the tubes of a mold made of two coaxial stainless steel tubes. The filled mold is placed in an oven at 70 ° C. After 25 hours, remove a white body 275 mm high and 25 mm thick. The body of the body is three-dimensional in structure and consists of a solid dispersion with a pore diameter of 0.8-2.2 μm and a transmittance of 3.7 x 10. -1 'cm · sec The body thus prepared is tested in a process in which acids are removed from an aqueous medium. A stock solution of 100 mg / l hydrochloric acid is passed through the body at a rate of 200 unit volumes / h. The hydrochloric acid concentration in 200 l of the filtrate is reduced to 0.3 mg / l. The filter element is regenerated by treatment with 10% aqueous ammonia.

Example 14

A three-necked reactor equipped with a stirrer, reflux condenser and thermometer is charged with 456 g of thiourea, 140 g of resorcinol and 1.1 liters of a 30% aqueous solution of formaldehyde. The mixture is stirred at 60 [deg.] C. for 120 minutes, after which 540 ml of a solution having the following composition (g / l) are added: sulfuric acid 28, urea 170. The solution obtained has a pH of 0.1 and a concentration of 20% of the polymer formed. , is poured into the space between the tubes of a mold made of coaxial polyethylene tubes. The filled mold is placed in an oven at 70 ° C and kept there for 25 h. The resulting body has an orange color, a height of 275 mm and a filter wall thickness of 25 mm. The body of the body has a three-dimensional structure and consists of a solid dispersion with a cosma diameter of 5-10 μm and a transmittance of 1.8 x 10 -1 'cm · sec

The body thus prepared is tested in a process in which heavy metals are recovered from the process solutions. A stock solution of 80 g / l of bismuth is passed through the body at a rate of 200 unit volumes / h. The concentration of bismuth in 420 l of the filtrate is reduced to 0.8 mg / l. the filter element is regenerated by treatment with a solution having the following composition (g / l): thiourea - 100, sulfuric acid - 56 to give an eluate T containing 3.6 g / l of bismuth.

Example 15

611 g of phenol are charged to a three-necked reactor equipped with a stirrer, dropping funnel and condenser. The reactor is heated to 90 ° C with a water bath with stirring and 340 ml of 86% sulfuric acid are added from a dropping funnel over one hour. The mixture is stirred for one hour at 90 [deg.] C., then 1.2 l of a 35% aqueous solution of formaldehyde, 450 ml of 98% acetic acid and 520 g of para-Form are added. The resulting solution, having a pH of 0.1 and a concentration of 31% of the polymer formed, is poured into the space between the tubes of a mold made of coaxially matched stainless steel tubes. The filled mold is fitted to a boiling water bath. After a delay of 25 hours, the dark cherry-colored piece is removed. The body of the body has a three-dimensional structure and consists of a solid dispersion with a pore diameter of -5 -1 0.3-0.5 μm and a refractive index of 2.2 x 10 cm · sec

The body thus produced is tested in a water softening process. A stock solution of 100 mg / l calcium is passed through the body at a rate of 200 unit volumes / h. The calcium concentration in 500 l of the filtrate is reduced to 1.2 mg / l. The filter material is regenerated by treatment with 5% sodium chloride solution and can then be reused.

i

Claims (12)

1. For physicochemical separation of substances of polymeric material comprising a porous material of three-dimensional structure in the state of a solid dispersion having a pore diameter of 0.0025-10 µm and the permeability coefficient 2. 10 - 2. 10 cm. characterized in that they contain a polymer whose basic unit has the formula: ____ R- CH -CjOH C 4 -R -. . . 2. Polymeric material according to claim 1, for emulsion separation, characterized in that it contains a polymer whose basic unit has the formula: ... _jj_j-CH - OH C - C Vj_ ... dSr n = 0- 2nd HO / V ^ n 2 L 2 J n OH OH OH "" -a <£ & ^ OH OH 1 HO OH OH CH3 QT, -NH-CO-NH2, -NH-CS-NH2, HO s Polymeric material according to claim 1, intended for ion-exchange separation and mainly for the recovery of arsenic, characterized in that it contains a polymer whose basic unit has the formula: a-bvC-CC dsr n '° '2 · Ηθ · γ' γ oh OH 3 OH: NH / N 2 NH 2 + and n = 0-2. - (N: NH 2 Polymeric material according to claim 1, intended for ion exchange separation and mainly for the recovery of thallium, characterized in that it contains a polymer whose basic unit has the formula: OH OH ch2 - oh2c] -dSr n * ° ~ 2 * HO OH Polymeric material according to claim 1, intended for electron transfer and mainly for the elimination of oxygen from water, characterized in that it contains a polymer whose basic unit has the formula: H ° H j 2 - CH 2 - [° H 2c] -dSr n = 0 ~ 2 'OH 1 OH Polymeric material according to claim 1, intended for cation exchange and mainly for removing hardness from water, characterized in that it contains a polymer whose basic unit is the formula: OH OH CH2-dSr 25 7 3 4 4 4 Polymeric material according to claim 1, intended for sorption of dissolved organic components, characterized in that it contains a polymer, the basic unit having the formula: OH OH - CH 2 - OH 2 C - Λ dSr n = 0-2. H C * '] n CH 3: 3 Polymeric material according to claim 1, intended for ion exchange separation and mainly for the collection of ions to heavy metals, characterized in that it contains a polymer whose basic unit has the formula: ... -NH - CS - N - CH - {- OH cl -NH - CS - N - ... I 2 L 2 J n I where n = 0-2. Polymeric material according to claim 1, for ion exchange separation of acid anions and for separation of molybdenum from rhenium, characterized in that it contains a polymer whose basic unit has the formula: NH - CH - [- OH C 1 -NH I 2 L 2 J n I NJ) —N j ---- HN —f NN Γ ~ N - ... νγ γί NH NH where n = 0-2. \ I Polymeric material according to claim 1, for filtration in highly basic medium, characterized in that it contains a polymer whose basic unit has the formula: ... - NH - CO - N - CH - ToH C 1- NH - CO - N - ... I 2 L 2 Jn 1 dSr n = 0-2.