FI71828B - SPILLVAERMEPANNA - Google Patents

Description

1 71828

This invention relates to waste heat boilers.

There is a need for waste heat boilers that are suitable for converting the heat contained in the exhaust gases from gas turbines that generate power into small and medium-sized power plants that can be set up quickly and are simple to operate in remote locations. A waste heat boiler suitable for such use is constructed to comprise one or more groups of overlapping flow tubes with horizontal branches connected in parallel in the gas overflow channel. Usually, the pipes are between horizontal upper and lower manifolds that act as outlet and inlet manifolds or inlet and outlet manifolds. One effective way to hold the pipes in place relative to each other in the boiler group and to support the pipes at two or more points along the length of the pipe group is to use vertical plates with an opening through which the horizontal branches of the pipe are twisted.

According to the present invention, in a waste heat boiler comprising a group of interconnected reversing flow pipes with horizontal branches in a gas upstream duct, the pipes are provided with plates with vertical openings spacing the pipes spaced apart and supported at two or more points by horizontal pipes. the plates are divided into a plurality of vertical strips of apertures with apertures which are not attached to each other in a row perpendicular to the directions of the pipe branches, each strip of apertures supporting horizontal branches of up to three tubes and each row of plates with openings of 2 71828 remains between the common upper horizontal gas flow channel fastener and the common lower gas flow channel fastener, each of which is perpendicular a with respect to the direction of the pipe branch and to which fasteners the plate strips with row openings are individually releasably fastened by removable fasteners, whereby a damaged pipe to be replaced can be removed from the series together with up to two adjacent pipes by removing the appropriate fasteners in the longitudinal direction and in the space between the lower locking member without having to touch or remove any other pipe in the series.

When, in such an arrangement, one of the pipes in the series fails while the boiler is in operation, as the pipe and at most very few other pipes are disconnected from the collectors or another series, and the appropriate orifice strips are its equipped strip or strips can be quickly detached from the group without interfering with the operation of the other tubes in the series; likewise, exchange tubes or tubes wound on similar strips with openings can be quickly placed in a group, the tube group remaining intact; plate strips with openings have to be fastened to the upper and lower locking members and likewise the ends of the exchange pipes have to be welded to the collectors or to the stub of the previous, disconnected connections. Of all these work steps, only welding requires more skilled labor, especially if the plate strips with holes are attached to the locking members with screws and nuts.

According to the present invention, priority is given to supporting the tube group at the upper end, wherein for this purpose 3 71828 the group may be suspended from the upper fastening members of the perforated plate strip rows and the upper fastening nails may be suspended from the tube group support rods or beams passing through the gas upstream to the steel frame of the boiler. If the boiler has several overlapping groups of pipes, the upper fastening members of the group below each uppermost group may be fastened, preferably detachably, to the lower fastening members of the next upstream group, the entire pipe group column in the gas upstream duct being supported from above.

The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a schematic side elevational view of an upstream duct of a waste heat boiler having four groups of pipes; Fig. 2 is a partial schematic diagram of the boiler supercharger array inlet manifold sequencing; Fig. 3 shows on a larger scale the upper parts of some of the suspension members of the boiler according to Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is also a schematic front elevational view of a portion of the boiler of Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is a front view of some parts of the suspension members according to Fig. 3; Fig. 6 shows welded halves of plate strips with openings used in the two lower groups of pipes of the boiler; Figures 7 and 8 show the support of pipes comprising horizontal pipe branches of a single or double vertical row, respectively, with plate strips with openings; and Figure 9 shows the welded triangularity of a slotted plate strip transform.

71828 4

In the drawings, and in particular in Figure 1, the waste heat boiler for the gas turbine power plant comprises four groups of pipes superimposed on the gas turbine exhaust gas upstream duct 1, each of which comprises parallel-connected reversible flow pipes with horizontal branches. The gas flow channel 1 is inside the jacket, which forms gas-tight thermal insulation front, rear and side walls 2F, 2R and 2S, respectively.

The uppermost group of pipes 3 of the four groups is the first group of preheater pipes in which the water supplied next to the front wall 2F and the horizontal inlet collector 4 arranged just above the level of the pipe group 3 generally flows downwards. Next to the uppermost pipe group 3, the next pipe group 5 is another preheater pipe group arranged so that water flows therein generally downwards, i.e. to a horizontal outlet 6, arranged next to the front wall 2F and slightly below the level of the pipe group 5. The pipe group 5 comprises as many pipes as the pipe group 3, and the pipes of one group are connected to the pipes of the other group by corresponding connection extensions 7 located next to the front wall 2F.

Below the pipe group 5, the next pipe group 8 is a steam generating pipe group, i.e. a so-called a "boiler group" in which a liquid generally flows downwards, which is fed like water next to the rear wall 2R and slightly above the horizontal inlet collector 9 of the group 8 and which exits as a water / steam mixture through a horizontal outlet collector 10 located next to the rear wall 2R and slightly below the level. The lowest tube array 11 is a steam superheater tube array in which steam generally flows downward from a horizontal inlet manifold 12 adjacent to the front wall 2F and slightly above the level of the tube array 11 and exits a horizontal outlet manifold 13 fitted slightly below the front wall 2F. Below level 11.

The preloader inlet manifold 4 is shown in the figure as a single block, but it is divided into blocks and in fact comprises two similar end-to-end manifolds which are separated from each other but to which water is fed in parallel. The preheater outlet collector 6 is similarly divided into blocks so that the first preheater tube group 3 consists of two adjacent group blocks as well as the second preheater tube group 5. The boiler group inlet and outlet collectors 9 and 10 are similarly divided into blocks so that the boiler group 8 consists of two groups. The superheater inlet manifold 12 is divided into blocks as well as the superheater outlet manifold 13, so that the superheater tube group 11 consists of two adjacent group blocks; the two array blocks are arranged such that steam passes through them not in parallel but in series, with one superheater array block acting as the first superheater and the other superheater array block acting as the second superheater.

The boiler comprises a steam and water cylinder arranged above 14 behind the gas flow channel 1, and a pump (not shown) which forces water to flow from the cylinder through the boiler group 8 and as a mixture of water vapor back into the cylinder. Because boilers with cylindrical and forced flow systems are known, water and steam pipes have been omitted for simplicity; suffice it to state that by means of a suitably placed piping: - the incoming water is directed to the two blocks of the preheater inlet collector 4; directing water to the cylinder from the two blocks of the preheater outlet collector 6; directing water from the cylinder to said pump; directing water from the pump to the two blocks of the inlet collector 9 of the boiler group; directing the steam and water mixture into the cylinder from the two blocks of the boiler group inlet collector 10; directing steam from the cylinder to block 12P (Figure 2) in an inlet manifold 12 serving a first superheater tube array block; directing steam from the block of the exhaust manifold 13 serving said first superheater array block to the block 12S of the inlet manifold 12 serving the second superheater array block; and directing the steam from the block of the exhaust collector 13 serving the second superheater group block to the operating point of the superheated steam generated by the boiler.

If it is necessary to be able to control the final superheat temperature, a spray-type heat controller (not shown) can be fitted in the steam piping between the outlet manifold block serving the first superheater 13 and the inlet manifold block 12S serving the second superheater.

The collectors are attached to corresponding supports projecting from a jacket forming walls 2F, 2R and 2S and supported from above by the steel structure of the boiler and which expands as the boiler heats downwards relative to said steel structure remaining at room temperature. The four groups of pipes are also supported from above on said steel structure by means of hanger members 21M supporting horizontal pipe branches of the pipes at their center, hanger members 21F supporting said pipe branches at a point adjacent their front end and hanger members 21R supporting said pipe end at their end ends.

The hanger members 21M, 21F and 21R are similar to each other; hanger members 21M are explained here. Referring further to Figures 3 and 5, said suspension members 2IM comprise a horizontal group support beam 22M comprising two wide flanged I-steel beams extending at right angles to the horizontal pipe branches of the groups and the gas flow channel 1 . Both beams 23 are tensioned at regular intervals along the length of the support beam by corresponding horizontal support plates 24, each provided with an opening through which a vertical bolt 25 supporting the nut 26 together with the sealing plate 27 between the nut and the upper surface of the plate 24 the lower surface 28 resting on the support plate support plate has a convex shape. At the lower end of the bolt is a fork connector 29, the fork arms of which support a horizontal pin 30 extending perpendicular to the group support beam 22. A plurality of pins 30 pass through respective lugs 31 welded to the surface of the upper edge of a common I-beam 32 parallel to the support beam 22M, which beam 32 extends over and across the width of the group 3. The tubes of the group 3 are spaced apart from the centers of their horizontal branches in a row extending across the entire width of the group, vertically extending strips 33 of apertured plates removably attached at their upper ends to the lower lower edges of the common I-beam 32. At the upper end of each apertured strip strip 33 there is a rectangular fastening plate 34 welded thereto at a right angle in the form of a T, through which the plate strip is fastened to the lower beams of the wide-flanged I-beam 32 with nuts and bolts 35. The spacer collar rings 36 keep the mounting plates 34 spaced from the lower beams of the beam.

The perforated plate strips 33 support lower welded mounting plates 34 at their lower ends, through which the strips are releasably fastened with nuts and bolts 42 to the upper beams of a common horizontal wide flange I-beam 43, which beam is also parallel to the beam 22M and extends beyond the group 3M.

The beam 43 is releasably fastened at its lower edges with nuts and bolts to the upper edges of a similar wide-flanged I-beam 32 'below it. Just as the beam 32 acts as an upper locking member for a row of apertured plate strips 33, in the same way 8,71828 the beam 32 'acts as a locking member for a row of apertured plate strips 33' separating the horizontal tube branches of the group 5 below from their centers. Just as the beam 43 acts as a lower locking member for a row of plate strips 33 with openings, the beam 43 'below the group 5 acts as a lower locking member for a row of plate strips 33' with openings.

In order to separate the horizontal pipe branches of the other two groups of pipes 8 and 11 from their center, corresponding rows of plate strips 33 '' and 33 '' 'with openings are arranged, which are releasably attached to their respective upper ends of the bellows lock bars 32' and 32 ''. and strip-locking beams 43 '' and 4311 'corresponding to their lower ends; the upper locking beam 32 '' of group 8 is removably attached to the lower strip locking beam 43 'of group 5 and the upper lane locking beam 32'1' of group 11 is removably attached to the lower strip locking beam 43 'of group 8.

As mentioned, the suspension members 21F and 21R are similar to the suspension member 21M, and it is found that of the four pipe groups, all three lowest pipe groups are each suspended from the above pipe group by three rows of openings, respectively in front, center and back of the pipe group. suspended by three rows of plate strips with openings in front of the center of the pipe group, in the middle and behind the respective upper group support beams 22F, 22M and 22R supported on the steel structure of the boiler so that the main gate column in the upstream duct is supported from above.

All the plate strips 33, 33 ', 33' 'and 33111 provided with openings are of the type sometimes known as the so-called eye glass plate. Referring to Figure 6, each such strip of plate 9 71 828 is against one vertical row of horizontal pipe branches of a group of pipes; to make and install it in a uniform strip of strips, holes are first made at suitable distances along the length of the strip, then cut longitudinally from the center of the holes into two halves, the halves fitted to corresponding sides of a row of pipe branches There are no ribs in the tubes at the point where they go through the strip. It may also be sufficient for the strip halves to be welded together only from the part near their ends, for example as indicated by the line 44 marked with crosses in Figure 6, but if the strip is long, intermediate welds may also be desirable. Finally, the mounting plates 34 are welded to the ends of the strip.

In the two lower pipe groups 8 and 11, each pipe is bent on a single vertical plane bend, as shown in Fig. 7, and thus the pipe is twisted and supported through only three apertured plate strips in the group, i.e. from the front, center and rear of the pipe branches, respectively. If either group, say a pipe in group 8, fails while the boiler is in operation, it can be removed after the boiler has cooled by disconnecting it in areas 45 and 46 with the respective upper and lower collectors 9 and 10 and removing nuts and bolts from three perforated plate strips 33 * * to detach from the three respective upper strip mounting beams 32 '' and the three corresponding lower strip mounting beams 43 ''. The tube with its three orifice plate strips is then freely movable in the lateral direction delimited by the adjacent tubes and, once the spacer rings have been removed, also freely movable in the vertical boundaries and can be quickly and easily removed through the conventional 71 group or any other group of pipes. A similar but flawless replacement pipe threaded into three identical plate strips can then be quickly and easily fitted to the pipe group 8 and the nuts, bolts and spacer rings quickly fastened. Once the new pipe has been welded from areas 45 and 46 to connect it to collectors 9 and 10, the boiler is ready for use again.

In both upper pipe groups 3 and 5, each pipe is bent so that its horizontal pipe branches are arranged in two vertical planes, as indicated in Fig. 8, and in each three rows of perforated plate strips the pipe passes through two adjacent plate strips 33 or 33 'and strips. it is to support the tube and keep the horizontal branches apart and from the horizontal branches of the adjacent tubes. Replacing any such pipe with a new pipe can be performed as just described, except that the damaged pipe has to be disconnected and replaced with six apertured plate strips with the pipe to be replaced and also that one of the connections to be cut and renewed is the connection to the collector.

All of the upper and lower strips of the pipe group and the group support beams 22F, 22M, 22R extend across the gas overflow channel and expand as the boiler heats up. The three group support beams rest at their ends through small friction bearings on the steel structure of the boiler. Tubes that are not tightly in the plate strip openings also expand, and to reduce the momentum of the tubes relative to the plate strips supporting the tubes at the ends of their horizontal branches, the front and rear support beams 22F and 22R are connected to the middle support beam 22M with large connecting rods (not shown). the spacing of the group support beams as the horizontal put arms expand.

11 71828

Reference numerals 4 7 denote shields projecting from walls 2F and 2R and adapted to prevent gas from flowing upwards other than over the horizontal branches of the group pipes.

In the boiler described here, strips with openings are used, through which only simple rows of straight pipe branches pass. In an alternative embodiment, a single strip of disc with openings may serve more than two such rows; if it is intended, for example, for two rows, it has openings in two longitudinal rows (see Figure 9) and is cut along the rows of openings into three pieces which, when fitted around the pipe, are joined by welding 44 into a single plate strip with openings at each end welded mounting plates. Two vertical rows of pipe branches can join either only one pipe or two or at most a few pipes.

Great value is given to the fact that the pipe groups are easy to connect to each other. Each group of plate strips with openings attached to the upper and lower strip mounting beams of the group can be assembled at the factory and transported and connected to the boiler on site as a single unit; if the group of pipes is awkwardly large, the group may be transported in blocks, provided that the collectors are suitably divided into blocks, without upper and lower strip fastening beams, and plate strips with openings in each block can then be fastened to transport racks.

Claims (5)

71828 A waste heat boiler comprising a group (3, 5, 8, 11) of parallel-connected reversing flow pipes with horizontal branches in a gas upstream duct and provided with vertical, orifice plates which keep the pipes spaced apart and support them from two or more the length of the horizontal pipe branches, characterized in that each of the apertured plates is divided into a plurality of vertical, apertured plate strips (33, 33 ", 33 '', 33 '' ') not connected to each other in a row which is perpendicular to the direction of the pipe branches, each apertured plate strip is adapted to support horizontal branches of up to three tubes and each row of apertured plate strips is completely located in a space remaining in the common upper fastener (32, 32 ', 32 ", 32"') and gas between a common lower attachment member which mo the lamps are perpendicular to the direction of the pipe branches and to which fastening members the plate strips (33, 33 ', 33 ", 33' '') with row openings are each detachably fastened by detachable fastening members (35, 42), whereby the replaceable defective pipe can be detached from the group together with up to two adjacent pipes when the fasteners (35, 42) in question have been removed by moving the horizontal pipe branches longitudinally in the space between the upper and lower fasteners without disturbing or removing any other pipes in the group. Waste heat boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower surface of each upper fastening member (32, 32 ', 32 ", 32"') and the upper surface of each lower fastening member (43, 43 ', 43' ', 43' '') are provided with horizontal edges, the horizontal edges (34) are connected to the upper and lower ends of each apertured plate strip, and the fastening members comprise nuts and bolts (35, 42) which flatten the edges of the fastening members and the plate strips together. i3 71 828 Waste heat boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that the removable spacer members (36) are arranged between the edges (34) connected to the plate strips provided with openings and the adjacent edges of the common fastening member (32, 32 ', 32 ", 32"'). the removal of the spacer members (36) together with the removal of the nuts and bolts (35) in question allows a limited amount of free vertical movement after the pipe connections have been removed, removing the pipe from the pipe group. 1. Spindvärmepanna innefattande en grupp (3,5,8,11) paral- lellkopplade returströmsrör med horizontala grenar i en uppät strömmande gasbana, vilka rör är försedda med vertikala, hälför-sedda skivor, vilka Haller rören pä avständ frän varra In this case, the horizontal section of the horizontal section of the horizontal section of the vertical section of the horizontal section (33,33 ', 33 ", 33'"), in which it is fast i varandra, i en mot rörgrenarnas riktning vinkelrät rad, att varje hälförsedd skivremsa är anordnad att horizontala rörgrenarna till-hörande högst tre rör ochöm to rad av blörsedda skivremsor be-finner sig helt i ett rum a fixed element of a fixed element (32,32 ', 32 ", 32'") and a solid gas element of a fixed element, which can be relieved by the action and the other element of the base orthopedifiers (33,33 ', 33 ", 33'") are varied and separated from the main element (35,42), the colors are up-to-date on the other side of the group (35,42) -mans with the following conditions attached to the horizontal element (35,42) of the reference number, the genome of which is horizontal to the horizontal element and the rummeted to the upper and lower elements, then to the center of the element