FI69335B - BYGGBLOCK - Google Patents

Description

BUILDING BLOCK ^ Λ, _ 69335

The invention relates to sandwich-type, thermally insulated building blocks, from which a series of building blocks can be used to build wall, wall and plinth structures or similar masonry structures, blocks belonging to the series on top of and next to each other by stacking and joining together.

A wide variety of building blocks are already known for making masonry structures by joining blocks together and side by side. When a building block is made of a material that is considered to be completely homogeneous, either heat-insulating or non-heat-insulating material (ordinary brick, lightweight gravel blocks), difficulties in achieving a uniform thermal insulation and tightness But as soon as heat-uninsulated concrete or the like is used as the load-bearing structure of the ingot, and the thermal insulation capacity of the ingot is obtained by using a separate thermal insulation layer attached to the ingot load-bearing structure, difficulties arise in obtaining a structure of uniform insulation and tightness. The difficulties are particularly pronounced when corner structures should use ingots of the same shape and size as wall structures.

Another difficult problem with the above-mentioned sandwich-type building block sets and their individual building blocks is the reliable and cold-bridge-free attachment of the thermal insulation layer to building block shell layers made of concrete or other similar material. In many known solutions, this problem has been solved by the bonds forming the cold bridge or bridges (PI Patents Nos. 45785 and 59282). In those known solutions, in which no actual cold bridges are formed, there is still plenty of room for improvement in manufacturability and thus 2,693,35 in competitiveness.

It is known from DE-A-2 707 627 and EP-A-0041 417 to produce building blocks with a thermal insulation layer between the shell layers, but in which the shell layers are not bonded to the thermal insulation layer in such a way as to obtain both good strength and thermal insulation.

The building block set according to the present invention and the individual building blocks belonging to it do not have the above-described disadvantages characteristic of sandwich-type building block sets. The building block according to the invention is characterized by what is set forth in the characterizing parts of the claims.

The main advantages of the building block series according to the invention are the following: the angular structures of masonry structures can be made using the same size and shape as straight wall structures, the structure is of uniform strength and thermal relatively easy to organize.

In the following, the building block set according to the invention and the individual building blocks belonging thereto will be explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 of the drawings shows from below a complete block belonging to a series of building blocks intended for the manufacture of straight wall, wall or other such structures;

Figure 2 shows a side view of the ingot of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a top view of the ingot of Figure 1; 5,693,355

Figure 4 shows the ingot of Figure 1 from the end;

Figures 5 »6, 7, and 8 show a right-handed angle block belonging to a series of ingots from below, side, top and end, respectively;

Figure 9 shows the insulating part of the ingots;

Figure 10 shows the side surface of the insulating part with its gripping grooves;

Figure 11 is an end view of the insulating member;

In Fig. 12, the building blocks are placed in a reduced manner in a masonry structure to illustrate the use of the blocks;

Figure 13 is a view from the previous side.

All the building blocks shown in the drawings have two shell layers, preferably made of concrete, an inner shell 1 and an outer shell 2. The inner shell has lightening holes 4 which in this example do not extend through the ingot. When it is desired to place a vertical reinforcement in the relief holes, the relief holes must extend through the ingot.

In addition to the relief holes, the inner shell of the building blocks has reinforcement grooves 5 on the upper surface of the inner shell for placing horizontal reinforcement in the structure.

All the building blocks shown in the drawings preferably have a thermal insulation layer 3 »made of cellular plastic, which is placed between the shell layers 1 and 2. As shown in Fig. 9, the thermal insulation layer has gripping brushes 6 / gripping grooves 7 for connecting the insulating layer to the shell layers. The emission angle α of the gripping brushes / gripping grooves in the direction perpendicular to the joint surface of the insulating layer and the shell layer, away from the insulating layer, is less than zero, which in this example is realized with dovetail-shaped gripping brushes / gripping grooves. The emission angle b of the gripping brushes / gripping grooves perpendicular to the dividing plane B-B (Fig. 10) and in the direction away from it on both sides of the dividing plane is greater than zero.

_ _ r ~ ___- 4 69335

The body part of the thermal insulation layer also has a small positive emission angle b ·] on both sides of the dividing plane B-B, which in Fig. 11 is exemplary in the middle plane of the ingot, but which can of course also be elsewhere.

The emission angles of the gripping brushes / gripping grooves of the thermal insulation layer described above mean in practice that the thermal insulation layer adheres firmly to the shell layers when the ingot is cast and that the thermal insulation layer (thermal insulation part) is easy to manufacture by casting. The possible small positive emission angle bj of the body part of the thermal insulation layer further increases the retention of the insulation layer between the shell layers.

The positive release angle of the body part is useful in the manufacture of the insulation part.

All the building blocks shown in the drawings have an adapter groove 8 and a adapter brush 9 in the insulating layer on the sides forming the vertical seam between the blocks, respectively, in order to facilitate the installation of the blocks. The adapter brush is so shallow in relation to the depth of the adapter groove that a space of the entire length of the vertical seam is left in the bottom part of the groove for the sealing compound or sealing adhesive to be sprayed during masonry.

The building block set according to the invention includes at least the full blocks shown (illustrated) in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 and the corner blocks shown in Figures 5 »6, 7 and 8. The block block is supplemented, if necessary, by a half block. The structure of the building blocks according to the invention can be quite easily understood by means of the general explanation presented above and the accompanying drawings, so there is no need for a more detailed explanation in this connection.

The building blocks according to the invention are preferably made by casting them into a mold from dry concrete by the vibratory casting method. The thermal insulation layer is placed in a mold like a core before 5,693,35 castings. When made in this way, the ingots are dimensionally accurate and relatively durable immediately after casting.

The use of blocks belonging to a series of building blocks in the manufacture of masonry structures is illustrated by Figures 12 and 13, which have a full block 10, a right-handed angle block 11, a left-handed angle block 12 and a half block 13. The blocks are preferably joined together with mortar and plastic glue. Reinforcements are used if necessary. Of course, other masonry methods can also be used.

The invention has been described above with reference to only one preferred embodiment thereof. However, this is in no way intended to limit the invention to this example only, but many modifications are possible within the scope of the inventive idea defined by the following claims. The changes may concern, for example, the dimensions of the ingot, the structure of the shell layers, the joining of the ingots. Likewise, the gripping brushes / gripping grooves may be other than those shown in the example. The main thing is that they bind the insulating layer and the shell layers together so that the thermal insulation layer is firmly attached to the shell layers. Different release angles a and b in the gripping brushes / gripping grooves provide a non-slip attachment in the so-called shaped unlocking.

Claims (2)

1. Bygghlock, which is best & cellular of cellular plastic or other than the material to be insulated (3) and of the scale (1, 2), is shown to be an insulator of the genome medium (6) 1, 2) with the aid of an insulator (3) with the aid of an insulator and an injector (6, 7) with an insulator of the insulator (7) with the form of an insulator (7) ) i riktning mot blockets b & da v & gräta ytor. Building block consisting of an insulating layer (3) made of cellular plastic or other thermal insulating material and shell layers (1, 2) connected to the insulating layer via gripping brushes (6) / gripping grooves (7), characterized in that the shell layers (1, 2) are connected by means of non-slip form-locking joints by means of gripping brushes / gripping grooves (6, 7) to the insulating layer (3), in which form-locking the grooves (7) of the insulating layer widen from the dividing plane (BB) towards each horizontal surface of the ingot. Building block according to Claim 1, characterized in that the sides forming the vertical seam between the blocks of the insulation layer of the ingot are shaped in such a way that the vertical seam leaves a space substantially the entire length of the seam for sealing compound or adhesive. 2. Byggblock englit patentkrav 1, kännetecknat därav, att de sidor i blockets isoleringsskikt som pictured vertically to the block in the form of an adjustment, the det.