FI63523C - FILTER FOR RENING AV NATURLIGT OCH AVLOPPSVATTEN - Google Patents

Description

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Patent »och raglctarttyralaan Amek» uttegtf och uti. »Kr * fwn puMtcond 31.03.03 (32) (33) (31) fyy4« t) r «tuolkou · —Bojtrd priorities (71) Leningradsky Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Institut Akademii Kommunalnogo Khozy KD Pamfilova, Ulitsa Khrustalnaya 18, Leningrad, USSR (SU) (72) Yakov Berievich Lazovsky, Leningrad, Mark Grigorievich Novikov,

Leningrad, USSR (SU) (7U) Qy Kolster Ab (5U) Filter for natural and wastewater treatment -Filter for natural and ocean water treatment

The invention relates to the treatment of natural and wastewater.

There are widely known filters for water treatment, which include a housing with a granular filter material mass with an upper layer formed by sand and a lower layer formed by gravel, whereby the grain size of the filter mass gradually decreases upwards. The lowest layer of the filtrate contains a drain-distribution system in communication with the filling or supply line, and above the filter mass there is a gutter system in the housing which communicates with the collection-distribution line.

In the filtration operation of said known filters, the treatment of water is effected by passing water through the filtration mass. Depending on the actual flow direction of the water to be treated, the filtration takes place either in the upward direction (i.e. ascending filtration) or downwards (descending filtration).

Regardless of the flow direction of the water to be treated during the filtration operation, washing or rinsing of the filtrate is accomplished by suspending the filling granules in an upward flow of water, 63523 2 .

Said known filters differ in their structural characteristics related to the supply of rinsing water to the filtration mass, and the supply or filling line can be located in the middle part of the filter or below its bottom or completely outside the filter.

However, hitherto known filters are characterized in that the distribution of the rinsing water in the surface area of the filter mass is not uniform enough, whereby the lower gravel layers tend to move and mix during the life of the filter. Thus, areas are formed in the filtration mass that cannot be rinsed, which of course affects the performance of the filter and its economic properties.

Among the previous filters is, for example, one which treats water and which contains a housing with a granular filter mass and here lower gravel layers and whose grain size gradually decreases upwards. The end-emptying distribution system is located under the filtration mass and includes an upwardly expanding tube across which a strainer is tensioned. The purpose of this drain-distribution system is to collect the water treated by the filtrate and to distribute the water fed for rinsing the filtrate. In order to increase the washing efficiency of the filter, an additional distribution system is placed above the filter mass and this is practically the only function of which is to loosen the top layer of the mass during rinsing. Above the auxiliary distribution system is a gutter system connected to the collection and distribution line, which is intended to collect the treated water during the filtration operation and to collect the wash water during the washing.

One disadvantage of this known filter is that the wash water is not distributed evenly enough over the entire surface of the filter mass by means of an end-emptying distribution or discharge system, not to mention the rather complex structure of the entire filter resulting from the use of an additional distribution system. As a result of uneven washing, dirt and impurities accumulate in the filtration mass and accumulate from one washing cycle to another.

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In addition, a water treatment filter is known in which, unlike the previous filter, the drainage distribution system is in the form of a grate or strainer and communicates with a filling line located below.

Compared to the mentioned structures of the previous filters, the filter in question here makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the washing operation to a certain extent due to a more even distribution of the washing water; in addition, it does not require an additional distribution system.

However, even this filter structure does not prevent the formation of areas in the filter mass that cannot be washed; and there is no assurance that some of the filter media will fall through the grate or sieve-like drainage distribution system into the fill line during washing.

There is yet another known structure of a water treatment filter that differs from that described in that its drainage distribution system consists of ruptured pipes and communicates with a filling line located outside the boundaries of the filter housing. Longitudinal cavities with a curved cross-sectional shape are made at the bottom of the filter housing, and each such cavity includes a corresponding perforated tube for the drainage distribution system. In addition, the holes in the tubes are protected by a safety net made of non-corrosive material in order to prevent the holes in the perforated pipes from entering the perforated pipes. With this safety net, the gravel layers of the filtrate can be removed from the filter and the placement of the drain-distribution system in the cavities at the bottom of the housing increases the efficiency of washing the filter mass to remove the contaminant from the pulp.

However, the structure of this latter filter involves a complex manufacturing process of the housing bottom; the structure would certainly not prevent the formation of areas in the filtration mass which cannot be washed due to the uneven distribution of the wash water from the filling line to the pipes of the drain-distribution system.

Previously known filter that most closely resembles po. is a water treatment filter in which, unlike the described filters, the wash water is supplied to the filling line through an opening in the wall of the line, and the wash water is supplied to the filling line either parallel or perpendicular to the empty pipes, depending on the placement of the Jennys distribution system pipes.

Because the bottom of the latter filter is horizontal and flat, the design of the filter is simpler, while the use of a tubular drain distribution system with high flow resistance ensures relatively efficient filtration of the filtrate from contamination because the filtrate is immersed in the rising flow of wash water.

However, one disadvantage of this latter filter is that the wash water enters the pipes of the drain distribution system unevenly due to the formation of a low pressure area in the filler inlet (when located in the filter housing) or otherwise due to a higher pressure area in the filler inlet (when located in the filter). outside the housing).

One consequence of these phenomena is the unevenness of the washing water supply to the farthest pipes of the drainage distribution system, which unevenness is up to 30 ... 50%.

This disadvantage results in the displacement of the gravel layers during washing as well as the general mixing of the layers of filter media, which affects the efficiency of the filter and degrades the quality of the treatment.

In practice, the latter type of filter must be taken out every 5 to 6 years in order to change its filter mass. This is a chore and requires a lot of purely manual labor.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a filter for the treatment of natural and wastewater which substantially prevents the migration and mixing of the layers of granular filtrate and the formation of areas that cannot be washed to improve the reliable performance of the filter.

This object is achieved by a filter for the treatment of natural and wastewater comprising a housing containing granulated filtrate, a drainage system consisting of pipes perforated at its lower part and fitted to the lowest layer of filtrate, outside a supply line extending beyond one side wall and communicating with the pipes of the drainage distribution system, a gutter system located in the housing above the filtration mass and communicating with a collecting distribution line arranged above the supply line, the filter supplying the supply line 63523 with respect to the side walls above the pipes of the drainage distribution system.

The holes improve the smoothness of the wash water supply from the pipe to the supply line along its entire length. A water cushion formed in the supply line prevents this water from being supplied to the pipes of the drainage distribution system as separate jets.

In addition, when the perforated pipe is placed above the drainage distribution system, the jet of water supply from the perforated pipe to the supply line does not significantly impair the uniformity of the water supply to the drainage distribution system.

The arrangement according to the invention has made it possible to equalize the water pressure in the longitudinal direction of the filling line and thus to ensure an even supply of water to the pipes of the drainage distribution system and thus to the entire surface area of the filtration mass. As the water becomes evenly distributed over the entire surface area of the filtrate, the migration and mixing of the gravel layers is prevented and the formation of areas in the filtrate that cannot be washed becomes substantially prevented.

It has also been possible to improve the functional and sanitary-hygienic properties of the filter. Because the filtration rate can now be increased by 10 ... 12% without compromising the quality of the treated water, and because the total washing time can be shortened and the washing water consumption can be reduced, the use of a filter is considerably more economical.

The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a filter according to the invention, in which the device for safe water distribution is a perforated pipe; Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view along the line II-II in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a filter in which the device for providing a safe distribution of water is a pipe extending outside the filling line in its longitudinal direction according to an embodiment of the invention; Fig. 4 shows a cross-sectional view along the line IV-IV in Fig. 1; Fig. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of a filter in which the device for providing a safe distribution of water is a chamber connected to a filling line according to a second embodiment of the invention.

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According to the drawings, the natural and wastewater treatment filter comprises a housing 1 (Fig. 1) containing a granular filtration mass containing a grain layer 2 with a relatively small grain size and a lower gravel layer 3 with a gradually decreasing grain size upwards. The drain-distribution system is in the lower layer 3 of the filtrate and comprises pipes 4 with plugs S at the ends. Each pipe 4 has holes 6.

The filter further comprises a collection-distribution line 7, which communicates with a gutter system 8 placed in a water layer 9, which in use is formed on top of the filtration mass. In addition, a filling or supply line 10 is used, which according to the invention. in the embodiment it is made with a rectangular cross-section and communicates with the pipes 4 of the drain-distribution system. Inside the filling line 10 there is a device for the safe distribution of the washing water, which includes a pipe 11 with holes 12. The pipe 11 is placed above the pipes 4 of the drainage distribution system.

The device, which provides a safe distribution of the washing water, communicates with the washing water supply network 13 (Fig. 2), which includes a valve 14, and with a pipeline 15, in which a valve 16 is mounted.

The seals 17 (Figures 1 and 2) are used in those areas where the pipes 4 and the pipe 11 of the drainage distribution system extend through the walls of the housing 1 in order to provide waterproofing of the housing.

The device, which provides a safe distribution of the washing water, includes a pipe 18 (Figures 3, 4) extending along the filling line 19, which is also a pipe. The pipes 18 communicate with the outside of the filling line 19 via a plurality of connecting nozzles 20 which are separated at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction of the line 19.

Figure 5 of the drawings shows yet another embodiment of a device for securely dispensing wash water, and this includes a chamber 21 adjacent to the filling line 22 and which may have a rectangular cross-section along and in connection with this filling line 22 through holes 23 made in the common wall. 24 through.

The filter described here works as follows.

During the filtration operation, the water to be treated is fed to the collection-distribution line 7, from where it is directed through the gutter system 8 to the granule layer 2, where the grain size is smaller, in the filtration mass and then to the lower layer 3. As the water passes through the filtration mass, it clarifies and finds its way through the holes 6. to the pipes 4 of the distribution system, from which it flows through the filling or supply line 10 (Fig. 1) and through the pipe 11 belonging to the device for securely distributing water, or via the filling line 19 (Fig. 3) and the pipe 18 or the filling line 22 (Fig. 5) and through chamber 21 to pipeline 15, where valve 16 is open, from which water is directed to a clear water tank or basin (not shown). During the filtration operation, the valve 14 in the wash water supply line 13 is closed.

During the washing operation, the wash water is fed from the wash water line 13, where the valve 14 is now open, to the pipe 11 (Fig. 1) and from here to the filling line 10 or to the pipe 18 (Fig. 3) and from here to the filling line 19, or to the chamber 21 (Fig. 5) and from here. to the filling line 22.

By securely distributing the wash water along the entire length of the filling line, the water pressure in the line is equalized along the entire length of the line, allowing the wash water to be fed evenly into the drain-distribution system pipes 4. This substantially prevents migration and mixing of features improve.

From the holes 6 of the pipes 4 of the drain-distribution system, the washing water flows into the lower layer 3 of the filtrate and progresses smoothly through it to the layer 2, where the granules are finer. The finer particles of this layer are suspended in the rising water stream and the dirt and impurities left on the surface of the granules of the filtration mass are washed away.

The wash water and the contaminants carried by it are collected by a gutter system 8, from which the water flows to the collection-distribution line 7 and then becomes directed to the sewer system.

During the washing operation, the valve 16 in the pipe 15 is closed.