Device for holding and driving an aggregate for the preparation of dispensed lump material The invention relates to a device for receiving and driving a unit for processing, in particular comminuting, classifying and/or sorting, lumpy feed material.
Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of such a device for receiving and driving a unit suitable for processing, in particular crushing, classifying and/or sorting, lumpy feed material.
Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for processing, in particular comminuting, classifying and/or sorting, lumpy feed material.
The processing of lumpy feed material is of great importance, for example, in the industrial processing of mineral raw materials, such as in quarries, gravel pits and mines, as well as in the processing of secondary materials, such as in the recycling of construction waste.
In particular, the processing includes crushing, classifying and/or sorting of the lumpy feed material.
Crushers are typically used for crushing.
Classification is carried out with the aid of screening devices.
Crushers are used when they allow the feed material to be reduced to grain sizes in the coarse to medium size range, i.e. to a grain size of up to 1-10mm.
In contrast, one speaks of mills when the target grain size is to be in the fine or ultra-fine range below.
Crushers can be used both stationary and mobile (on wheels or on crawlers). Mobile crushers, such as those known from US 5 431 350 A, have the advantage over stationary crushers that they can be moved around the construction site or within a demolition field.
Instead of transporting the feed material from the changing locations of its accumulation over long distances to the stationary crusher, which incurs high transport costs, mobile crushers can be easily tracked on the construction site or in the demolition field with the help of their integrated undercarriage to follow the location of the material accumulation.
Fully mobile crushing plants with permanently installed crawler tracks can be filled by excavators, for example.
The crushed material can then be further processed on site or transported via relocatable belt conveyors or with wheel loaders.
Another advantage of mobile crushers is that, due to their relatively low transport weight, they can be brought to the respective construction site or demolition field using conventional transport equipment without having to be disassembled into their individual components.
Mobile use of crushers is also made possible by crusher buckets, especially jaw crusher buckets.
It is an attachment for excavators that can crush the feed material, such as construction and demolition debris, with the help of built-in crushing jaws.
A crusher bucket has the design of a bucket with which the material to be crushed can be picked up as with a conventional excavator bucket and which is open at the back for the crushed material to exit.
Compared with normal jaw crushers, a jaw crusher bucket has lower production, but it is easier to transport and requires only an excavator for its operation.
A jaw crusher bucket is described, for example, in WO 2004/020747 A1. The jaw crusher bucket works with the hydraulic system of the excavator.
The hoses of the excavator, for oil supply and discharge, are connected directly to the crusher bucket.
A hydraulic block regulates the oil flow and pressure to deliver the right amount to the hydraulic motor.
During the crushing process, the crusher bucket is positioned vertically so that the material can fall out at the bottom.
Crusher buckets have the following advantages compared to mobile crushers: Due to the design of the crusher as an attachment for excavators, the crusher can be removed and attached in a simple manner.
This makes it easy to switch between different attachments.
Furthermore, the crusher is height-adjustable due to its arrangement on an excavator arm, so that the required distance to the ground or to a discharge device arranged below can be set.
In particular, crushing steel- reinforced concrete, such as railroad sleepers, is not possible with conventional mobile crushing plants because the steel bars exiting at the outlet of the crusher together with the crushed concrete have a certain space requirement in the height direction, which is not available with mobile crushers.
Finally, crusher buckets have the advantage that because they are attached to the excavator arm, the crusher can be tilted or shaken in a simple manner to clear clogs or blockages in the excavator.
However, the disadvantage of crusher buckets is the production stop of the crusher during the material pickup with the attachment, so the production capacity is low.
Compared to stationary crushers, systems with crusher buckets have the disadvantage that the excavator, on whose arm the attachment is located, is blocked for other work.
The invention therefore aims to provide an improved device for performing crushing or other processing operations, in particular classifying or sorting operations, while achieving a high production capacity and minimizing transport distances.
To solve this problem, the invention provides a stationary device according to claim 1. The invention thus enables the use of an attachment actually intended for mobile vehicles, in particular excavators, on a stationary device.
On the stationary equipment, the attachment, such as a crusher bucket, is only used to process the material, not to pick it up.
Through such stationary operation, the feed material from a feeder (such as excavator, wheel loader, etc.) is fed directly into the attachment, thus avoiding the production downtime caused by material pickup with the attachment.
The constant feeding of the attachment with material that this enables therefore makes it possible to increase the production of the attachment by up to 50%. This also reduces operating costs to a minimum.
The invention also creates great flexibility because attachments can be used both mobile on an excavator or wheel loader and stationary.
Since attachments are designed for rapid mounting and dismounting, it is easy to switch between the two types of operation mentioned above.
Furthermore, switching between different attachments is also possible in a simple manner.
The stationary device according to the invention has a stationary, in particular frame-shaped supporting structure, which carries or supports a supporting element with fastening means for releasably fastening the attachment.
The stationary design of the frame means that the device does not have a fraction drive.
Preferably, the device according to the invention also does not comprise a permanently attached undercarriage, such as a crawler undercarriage or wheels.
For support on the ground, the supporting structure preferably includes support feet, which are designed to be extendable in particular, in order to be able to compensate for unevenness of the ground.
To increase tilt resistance, the supporting structure preferably includes additional stabilizing elements, such as laterally extendable claws.
The device according to the invention requires a separate transport vehicle for local relocation.
However, since the device can be made relatively small, transport is possible with conventional transport vehicles, which are available on a demolition field or a construction site anyway.
The transport effort here is much lower than in the case of conventional stationary crushing plants, which, in view of their higher production capacity compared to attachments, are large in size and can usually only be transported by special transport or in a disassembled or partially disassembled state.
In order to be able to use the attachment on the device according to the invention in a similar way as on an excavator arm, the supporting element for the attachment is arranged to be height-adjustable and/or tiltable relative to the supporting structure.
Height adjustability allows adjustment of the distance of the attachment to the ground or to a conveyor belt placed below.
The height adjustability avoids the problem of too small a distance between the outlet and the conveyor belt, which is a well- known problem with fixed units, especially in the recycling of steel-reinforced concrete.
Furthermore, due to the height adjustability, the attachment can also be moved far down to ensure a very low feeding height in case of low room heights (such as in tunnel construction). The tilt function of the supporting element allows quick emptying of the attachment either for dumping uncrushable material or screened oversize material.
The vibrating function of the supporting element, which is also not otherwise possible with fixed tools, also enables the feed material to be loosened and thus blockages to be released quickly.
This enables an additional increase in production.
The device according to the invention is further characterized by an integrated drive device for the attachment, which can be brought into drive connection with a drive of the attachment via coupling and/or connecting means.
Thus, also with regard to the drive, use of the attachment similar to the boom of an excavator or the like is made possible, i.e. the use of conventional attachments that require an external power supply in order to be driven is made possible.
The respective attachment is thus powered by the energy system of the device according to the invention.
The attachment comprises, for example, a hydraulic motor fed by a hydraulic system of the device according to the invention, the corresponding hoses for the oil supply and drain being connected directly to the attachment.
In the context of the present invention, an attachment is understood to be an additional tool for construction machines, with which the construction machine can perform various types of work operations.
Attachments can usually be attached to and detached from the respective construction machine, in particular its boom arm, by hand or with the aid of quick-change devices without much effort.
The attachment is preferably designed as a bucket crusher, in particular a bucket jaw crusher, or as a screen bucket.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the height adjustability and/or the tiltability of the attachment is achieved by the supporting element for the attachment being arranged on a boom supported on the supporting structure, the boom being designed to be adjustable in such a way that the supporting element is height-adjustable and/or tiltable.
In particular, the boom comprises at least first and second arms that are pivotable relative to each other, preferably the first arm being pivotably attached to the supporting structure.
This results in a construction consisting of two boom arms, which is comparable to the boom of an excavator.
In this case, the two arms are preferably arranged to swivel, resulting in a kinematic system with which the supporting element and the attachment mounted thereon can be moved two-dimensionally, in particular in a vertical plane, namely a longitudinal center plane of the device.
This allows the attachment to be moved in the height direction and in a direction transverse to it, namely forwards and backwards.
Lateral adjustability, e.g. by rotating the boom around a vertical pivot axis, would also be conceivable.
In order to enable the tiltability of the attachment, a preferred embodiment provides that the supporting element for the attachment is pivotally attached to the second arm of the boom.
The construction of the boom with two pivotable arms is preferably designed in such a way that the attachment attached to the supporting element can be moved between an operating position and a parking or transport position, wherein the arms are arranged in a mutually pivoted position in the parking or transport position and form a receiving space for the attachment between them in the mutually pivoted position.
It is particularly preferred that the second arm and possibly the first arm of the boom are angled.
This allows the arms to form a substantially U- or C-shape together in the mutually pivoted parking or transport position, which forms a receiving cross-section for the attachment.
The pivot drives for pivoting the first arm, the second arm and/or the supporting element preferably each comprise at least one hydraulic cylinder-piston unit.
The transport of the device to and from its place of use is carried out, as already mentioned, with the aid of a separate transport device, such as a transport vehicle.
In order to facilitate loading and unloading of the device onto and from the vehicle, it is preferably provided that at least one eye or hook for gripping the device with a hook lift is provided on the supporting structure or on an element rigidly connected thereto.
The device can be gripped like a roll-off container and lifted or pulled onto the loading area of a transport vehicle, in particular a hook lift trailer.
In this context, a particularly advantageous embodiment provides that the supporting structure or support frame of the device according to the invention is designed as the base frame of a roll-off container.
The transport of the device is thus possible in a simple and cost-effective manner.
The special transport of tracked crushers or tracked screens by means of low-loader trailers, which is otherwise necessary for mobile tracked crushers or tracked screens, is thus avoided.
Such mobile crushers or screening equipment are designed to be mobile, so that they can move within a construction site using their own drive.
However, over longer distances they must be transported by the aforementioned special transport vehicles.
Easy and quick attachment of the attachment is preferably made possible by the fact that the supporting element comprises an adapter plate of a quick-change system for attachments.
A quick- change system provides a standardized attachment interface, whereby the adapter plate is preferably designed to accommodate two parallel pins of the attachment, with the boom usually engaging the front pin of the quickcoupler and the tilt cylinder engaging directly the rear pin.
A preferred embodiment provides that the drive device comprises a first hydraulic pump, preferably driven by a first electric motor, which is connected to a hydraulic line leading to a hydraulic motor of the attachment and to a hydraulic line leading back from the hydraulic motor to form a first hydraulic circuit, the leading and the returning hydraulic lines preferably each having a connection piece for connection to the attachment.
With a suitable valve arrangement on the hydraulic block of the device, the respective desired direction of rotation of the hydraulic motor can be selected.
For example, a movable jaw or crushing plate of a jaw crusher can be driven in one direction of rotation for normal crushing operation and the other direction of rotation can be used for loosening material blocked in the crusher inlet. Likewise, the direction of rotation of the screening or crushing rotors of screening shovels or shovel separators can be changed in order to ensure efficient screening or to remove blockages. Furthermore, a second hydraulic pump, preferably driven by a second electric motor, can be provided, which feeds a drive device for the height adjustability or tiltability of the supporting element, in particular the hydraulic cylinder-piston units of the swivel or tilt drives, and possibly a hydraulic oil cooler for cooling the medium flowing in the first hydraulic circuit. The control of the device according to the invention by an operator is preferably not carried out by means of actuation operations of the operator on the device itself, but by remote control. For this purpose, the design is preferably such that the drive device for the attachment and/or a drive device for the height adjustability or tiltability of the supporting element are connected to a remotely controllable control device. According to a further aspect, the invention provides for the use of an attachment on a boom of a stationary device according to the first aspect of the invention for processing, in particular crushing, classifying and/or sorting, lumpy feed material. According to a further aspect, the invention relates to the use of a device according to the invention for receiving and driving a unit designed as an attachment, which is suitable for processing, in particular crushing, classifying and/or sorting, lumpy feed material and is detachably attached to the supporting element of the boom. The attachment is preferably designed as a bucket crusher, in particular a bucket jaw crusher, or as a screen bucket. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to schematic examples of embodiments shown in the drawing. Therein, Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a device according to the invention with attached bucket crusher in an operating position, Fig. 2 shows a side view of the device according to Fig. 1 in the operating position, Fig. 3 shows a side view of the device according to Fig. 1 in another operating position, Fig. 4 shows a side view of the device according to Fig. 1 in the parking position,
Fig. 5 shows a perspective view of the device with associated discharge device and Fig. 6 shows a detailed view of the bucket crusher designed as a bucket jaw crusher.
Fig. 1 shows the device according to the invention, which is used to hold and drive an attachment. In the present embodiment, the attachment is designed as a bucket crusher 1. The bucket crusher 1 is a crushing unit designed to be attached to a boom arm of a mobile working machine, such as an excavator or the like, and therefore has a bucket 2 with which the material to be crushed can be picked up from the ground or a pile of material. As a result, the material to be crushed enters the receiving opening 3 and is crushed by an integrated crusher in the operating position of the bucket crusher. The crushed material is discharged on the side 4 opposite the bucket. In the application case of the invention, the bucket crusher is now not used on the boom arm of a mobile construction vehicle, but on the stationary device 5. In this case, the material is not picked up by the bucket crusher picking up the material on the ground, but with the aid of a separate vehicle, such as an excavator or the like, which picks up the material and feeds it to the receiving opening 3 of the bucket crusher 1, so that the bucket crusher 1 can remain constantly in the operating position shown in Fig. 1. The crushing operation therefore does not have to be interrupted for the material pickup. The device 5 is designed as a stationary device and comprises a support frame 6, which forms the supporting element of the device and rests on the ground. The support frame may include support feet or the like for this purpose. In the present embodiment, the support frame comprises two parallel, longitudinally extending spars 7, which are connected to each other at the front by a cross member 8. In the area of the cross member 8, the support frame 6 comprises two laterally extendable or fold-out claws 9, which serve to increase the tipping stability. Attached to the support frame 6 is a boom 10 that includes a first arm 11 and a second arm 12. The first arm 11 is pivotally attached to the support frame 6 by means of a pivot bearing 13, the pivot axis of the pivot bearing 13 being horizontal and at right angles to the longitudinal direction. The pivot drive for the first arm 11 comprises a hydraulic cylinder-piston unit 14. The second arm 12 is pivotally attached to the first arm 11, with the pivot axis parallel to the pivot axis of the pivot bearing 13. The pivot drive for the second arm 12 comprises a hydraulic cylinder-piston unit 15. The second arm is angled and carries a supporting element 16 at its free end, which is designed, for example, as an adapter plate of a quick-change system for attachments. The supporting element 16 is mounted so that it can pivot relative to the second arm 12, with the pivot axis again running parallel to the pivot axis of the pivot bearing 13. The pivot drive for pivoting the supporting element and the bucket crusher 1 rigidly attached to it is designated 17 and designed as a hydraulic cylinder-piston unit. As can be better seen in Fig. 2, the bucket crusher 1 is attached to the adapter plate 16 by means of two bolts
18. The device 5 has a housing 19 in the rear area, in which the drive device for driving the bucket crusher 1 and the hydraulic cylinder-piston units 14, 15 and 17 are arranged.
In the side view according to Fig. 2, the device 5 is shown as in Fig. 1 in an operating position, with the same parts being marked with the same reference signs. In contrast to Fig. 1, a foldable platform 20 is shown in the downward unfolded state. The foldable platform 20 is provided to place weights for increased stability with heavier attachments, if necessary. By suitable actuation of the hydraulic cylinder-piston units 14 and 15, the bucket crusher 1 can be adjusted in height in the direction of the double arrow 21. The hydraulic cylinder-piston unit 17 can be used to tilt the bucket crusher if necessary. In Fig. 3, the boom 10 is shown in a position shifted further forward, with the bucket crusher 1 tilted so that any material remaining in the crushing device of the bucket crusher 1 can be discharged, as indicated schematically by the arrow 22. In Fig. 4, the bucket crusher 1 is shown in the parking position, in which the boom 10 is folded in and the boom arms 11 and 12 together form a C- and U-shaped receiving profile, respectively, in which the bucket crusher 1 is arranged. In this position, the device 5 can be easily moved to a transport vehicle and a change of location can be made. Furthermore, Fig. 4 shows a hook 29 for attachment to a hook lift hanger that is not shown. In Fig. 5, the bucket crusher 5 is again shown in the operating position, with the crushed material exiting from the bottom 4 being discharged onto a conveyor 23. In this case, the conveyor device 23 comprises a material hopper 24 arranged directly below the material output of the bucket crusher 1, from which the material is transported away by means of the conveyor belt 25.
Fig. 6 shows a jaw crusher bucket in section, with a stationary first crusher jaw 25 and a movable crusher jaw 26 opposite it. The crusher jaw 26 is driven by an eccentric drive 27 to perform an oscillating back and forth motion so that material getting between the jaws 25 and 26 is crushed. The broken material moves in the direction of the gap 28 and can be discharged.