FI13312Y1 - Rear knives in a felling device - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A felling device that is used for felling, pruning and cutting trees, and which is connected to the end of the boom of a platform machine moving in the forest to hang freely, the felling device includes a body (1) to be supported at the end of the said boom, a feeding device for transporting the wood through the beam from front to back, the first pruning blades, i.e. the front pruning blades in the feed direction in front of the feeder articulated to fold under the cleat, the second trimming blades, i.e. the rear trimming blades (2, 3) in the feed direction behind the feeder and where the gill forms in trimming position the lower surface of the frame (1) (5) the so-called two opposite rollers/rollers (16) the opposite first trimming blades pressed under the wood to be processed attached to it, with the opposite back pruning blades pressed under the wood to be treated, attached to it, if they are in use, characterized by the fact that the rear pruning blades (2, 3) are adapted to fold against the frame and their ends are thus chamfered so that the wood (14) traveling in the cleat is guided in a bevel (3.1) past each rear qualifying blade (3), even if you collide with it. In addition, protection requirements 2-6.

Description

Rear blades in a felling device The invention concerns a felling device that is used for felling, pruning, breaking trees, nowadays also for measuring, more precisely the felling device presented in the introduction of claim 1. The chipper is connected to the end of the boom of a chassis machine moving in the forest.

Generally, the logging device is a so-called free hanging. The weight of the felling device is 250 to 5000 kg. The power requirement is approx. 30 — 200 kW. Feed speed in the qualifying phase is 3 - 7 m/s, qualifying force 5-40 kN. Furthermore, the invention relates to a felling device in which the wood is fed with feed rollers or roller feed. Pulse-fed logging devices are not included in the invention, because they use several blades and tongs due to the periodic feeding movement. Chain saws, disc saws or so-called guillotine. The size of wood can be @ 50 mm — 1000 mm.

Patent FI104531 shows the structure of the harvester head, which has rear cutting blades (second cutting blades) in addition to front cutting blades. Since the back blades are not always used, it is advantageous to have them hidden. In previous harvester heads, the rear N blades have been left out when not in use, leaving them O 25 vulnerable to damage. For that purpose, the body of the harvester head has holes where the tips of the rear blades can be placed when they are not in use.

x a o The rear blades in the felling devices are located between the feeding means and the = 30 cutting device. There can be one or two rear blades. The most common design is one longer blade. The two blades on both sides of the wood 5 can naturally be shorter.

The function of the back blades is to help support the wood being processed during the feed movement, especially during the back and forth movement, such as optimizing the cutting point. Naturally, big trees need support, but so do tall thin trees.

In many tree species, there are plenty of branches also in the basal areas of the tree. In this case, the size of the trees is not large, we can talk about max. in commercial forestry. 30 cm diameter. Not all of these branches can be pruned with the actual pruning blades on the front of the feeding equipment of the felling device. With the back blade or blades, most of them can be removed.

Another important function of the rear blade or blade would be to help collect several trees in the felling device. Here we are talking about smaller trees, usually less than 20 cm in diameter. Such articulated rear blades exist, but their use is limited by mechanical problems. These collecting rear blades or blades require a lot of space because of the joints. During use, external forces are also applied to the blades during work, when the blades collide with stumps and nearby trees. Solutions have been available, but due to durability problems, they have not become common.

While giving the felling device more features for processing trees, back blades or blade limit the use of the device. This O 25 situation arises when several trees are close together. Rear blades N require space for the tree to enter the felling device. Standing trees near S are easily damaged by the contact of the blades. This problem can be avoided, for example, by moving the rear blades > into the space in the body of the device (FI104531). We also know = 30 such a single-edged solution (FI123155). The large N space inside the device required by the blade requires an opening to be made in the frame structure. The frame has to be cut and supported from the outside. In addition, small branches and in winter e.g. snow accumulate in the opening. Probably because of these reasons, the solution is not commercially available. The back blades according to the invention have a solution for supporting the tree, pruning, collecting trees and getting the blades in in problem situations. The starting point of the solution is the structure of the feeder. Currently, the most common feeding equipment in logging equipment is based on the presence of three rollers. Two rollers support the wood from below, and one roller receives the compressive force of the lower rollers through the upper surface of the wood. In these devices, especially with smaller trees, due to the mechanics, the impression of the wood on the upper roller is large. For the feed to work, the wood must always be pressed against the upper roller.

Therefore, if you want the back blades to go in in a problem situation, they must go completely above the upper roller. This means that an entry space must be built separately for the blade (FI104531).

The cutting head according to the invention provides a new solution for the use of rear blades, with which the load on the passive rear blades is not too great when feeding wood. The cutting head N according to the invention is characterized by what is presented in the protective claim 25 1. When the ends of the rear trimming blades are beveled in such a way that the wood traveling in the cleat is steered past the rear trimming blade with the help of the bevel, even if it collides with them, they can be E folds against the frame.

N 5 30 Also known is the feeding equipment of two oppositely moving rolls or rollers N. The rollers or rollers are approximately on the sides of the wood, the angle difference of the traction surfaces can be 10° + 5°. In these logging devices, the support of the tree is based on the vertical force provided by the actual cutting blades, and of course the carrying force can be increased by using the rear blades. Before felling, especially in tight places, do not attempt to place the wood against the frame of the machine at all. Wood feeding is possible, even if the wood is detached from the body of the device, e.g. 30 mm + 10 mm. After all, the width of the entire traction surface is 100-300 mm. The back blades according to the invention have been adapted using the characteristics of two oppositely acting feed devices in the harvesting device. With the above-mentioned feeding device, it is essential to have a small compression pressure of the wood against the body of the device. Now the rear blades can be driven against the frame in advance and the tree can be taken against the rear blades. Advantageously, the back blades are placed against the frame, when they take up about 30 mm of space in the direction of the traction surface of the roll or roller.

In the following, the invention is described with the help of examples and with reference to the accompanying pictures, which show a chopping head according to the invention in a multipurpose machine. Figure 1 shows the felling device as seen from the side of the cutting device Figure 2 shows the felling device as seen from the side of the saw box Figure 3 shows the situation when the wood is fed to the front S side of the rear blades eu Figure 4 shows the felling device when handling medium-sized n 25 trees Ek Figure 5 shows the felling device when the rear blades are open in the position > Figure 6 shows the release of the rear blades when their = auxiliary arm is turned outwards

N S The logging device according to the invention is illustrated in figure 1 from the side of the cutting > 30 melting device. The section view shows the body of the device 1 and the rear blades. The rear blades consist of parts 2 and 3. Part 2 (auxiliary arm)

is attached to the frame 1 with a pin 7 in the direction of travel of the tree.

The back blade also includes part 3 attached to part 2 with pin 6. Cylinder 4 is attached to frame 1 with pin 9. Cylinder 4 is attached to part 2 with pin 8. Spring 11 holds part 3 against support piece 10 via pin 6 5.

Figure 1 also shows the support roller 12. Normally, the lower surface 13 of this support roller 12 is 5 approx. 6 mm outside of the bottom of the frame 1.

This is because the tree would not wear the surface 5 unreasonably when moving.

The parts 3 are positioned so that they do not collide with each other when the cylinder 4 turns them.

In Figure 2, the felling device is depicted from the side of the saw housing 15.

The wood 14 to be processed is positioned between the feed rollers 16.

In Figure 2, tree 14 is medium-sized to the scale of trunk 1, representing, for example, a large problem tree.

When the part 3 of the rear blades is against the lower surface 5 of the frame 1, the wood 14 can be fed.

The distance from the actual qualifying blades to the rear blades, parts 2 and 3, is approx. 60 cm + cm.

Now that part 3 is between point 5 and tree 14, the direction of travel of tree 14 changes only by 1° + 19. Here we assume that the bottom surface 13 of support wheel 12 is about 6 mm from the bottom surface 5 of frame 1. The thickness of the blade, i.e. the thickness of part 3, is about 15 mm .

The cutting flange 17 can be seen from the cut made in the saw housing 15.

N Figure 3 shows the situation when you have to feed wood O 25 to the front of the rear blades.

Such a situation arises when, after cutting the tree, the actual pruning blades encounter Oversized S branches.

Wood 14 is retracted towards the feeders, passing the back = gantry 3.

Bevel 3.1 forces the impacting tree to pass the > rear blades.

Now with the forward feed, the wood 14 does not collide with the blade 3, = 30, because for the purpose of cutting, part 3 has a sharpening.

The upper corner of the tree 14 N 18 when fed forward can be reached under the blades 3 with the help of the sharpening bevel of part 3 5 (the picture shows the placement of the blades 3 in relation to each other).

In Figure 4, a medium-sized tree 14 is placed in the felling device. Now the rear blades (parts 2 and 3) carry wood 14 approximately from the bottom surface. parts 2 and 3 are dimensioned through the pins 7 in relation to the body 1 in such a way that the active contact of the part 3 against the wood 14 occurs from the tip 3.1 of the part 3 to about half of the distance from 3.1 to the pin 6. Thus, the cutting part is only needed in the rear blades in one part, even only half of its length. Figure 5 shows the harvester when the rear blades (parts 2 and 3) are in the open position. Figure 6 shows the operation of the back blades (parts 2 and 3) when opening the back blades when collecting trees, the first in the photo is on the woodcutter. The operation of blades 2 and 3 is quite common and well known. However, as shown in figure 1, both blades (parts 2 and 3) have their own cylinder. This solution saves length space in the harvesting device. Support wheel 12 can be placed in the area of blades 2 and 3. This reduces the friction on the bottom surface. If the wheel 12 is left out, the cylinder 4 can be replaced by one cylinder with the help of pins 8. Further in Figure 6, when the cylinder 4 turns (not visible) the part 2 in the direction of the arrow, the spring 11 (or similar) gives way. When the N tree 14 is held by the feeding devices, the blades (parts 2 and 3) S 25 are released as the cylinder 4 continues to move until we are in the situation in picture 5-N. 5 = The width of the feed roller/roller is 15 - 80% of the maximum grip width, > preferably 16 - 40%.

N 3 8 >"

If the wheel 12 is missing, the cylinder 4 can be replaced with one cylinder with the help of pins 8. Further in Figure 6, when the cylinder 4 turns (not visible) the part 2 in the direction of the arrow, the spring 11 (or similar) gives way. When the wood 14 is held by the feeding means, the blades (parts 2 and 3) are released as the cylinder 4 continues to move until the situation in figure 5 is reached. The width of the feed roller/roller is 15 to 80% of the maximum holding width, preferably 16 to 40%. If the nominal size of the wood is 300 mm, the width is 120 mm — 400 mm, preferably 150 — 300 mm. Most advantageously, opposite warping rollers/rollers 16 form support surfaces for the opposite sides of the wood of nominal size, which deviates from the vertical surface by 0 to 8 degrees, most preferably by 0 to 5 degrees, so that at the extreme edge of the deviation, the feed rollers/rollers 16 lift the wood to be processed upwards. The nominal measure is often 50 — 70%, e.g. 60%$ of the maximum extract. If the maximum diameter is 500 mm, the nominal dimension is 300 mm, with which the chipper works best. A small deviation in the front makes it possible to reach a small minimum diameter of the chip.

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Claims (6)

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS 1. A felling device, which is used for felling, pruning and cutting trees and which is connected to the end of the boom of a platform machine moving in the forest to hang freely, which includes a body (1) to be supported at the end of said boom, e a feeding device for transporting the wood through the beam from the front as a load - opposite, e the first trimming blades i.e. the front trimming blades in the feeding direction in front of the feeder articulated to fold under the gill, e the second trimming blades i.e. the rear trimming blades (2, 3) in the feeding direction behind the feeding device and where the gills form in the trimming position e the lower surface of the body (1) (5) e said two opposite rollers/rollers (16) e opposite first pruning blades pressed under the wood to be processed and attached to it, e opposite rear pruning blades pressed under the wood to be processed and attached to it, if they are in use, N O characterized by the fact that the rear pruning blades (2, 3) are adapted N 25 to fold against the frame and their ends are thus beveled S so that the tree (14) traveling in the keel is guided by the bevel (3.1) z past each rear pruning blade (3), even if it collides + against it. N < N 30 2. Logging device according to protection requirement 1, known S for the fact that the feeding devices have two feeding rollers/rollers (16) facing each other as the only feeding elements placed in the circumferential direction with an accuracy of +- 10 degrees. 3. A felling device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the rear cutting blades are two-part, comprising a base part (2) and a tip part (3), and the tips (5) of the tip parts (3) are folded outwards from the body. 4. A logging device according to one of the protection requirements 1 to 3, characterized in that the width of the feed roller/roller is 15 to 80% of the maximum grip width, preferably 16 to 40%. 5. A logging device according to one of the protection requirements 1 to 4, characterized in that the lower surface (5) of the frame (1) has a support roller (12) to reduce the friction on the lower surface. 6. A logging device according to one of the protection requirements 1 to 5, characterized in that the opposite feed rollers/rollers (16) form support surfaces for the opposite sides of the tree of the nominal size, which deviates from the vertical surface by 0 to 8 degrees, preferably 0 to 5 degrees, so that the end of the deviation - on the side, the feed rollers/rollers (16) lift the wood to be processed upwards. OF OF O OF OF N oO I a a (> N+ OF OF O OF D