FI130004B - Apparatus and method for machining counterweight bores on a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for machining counterweight bores on a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
FI130004B
FI130004B FI20185252A FI20185252A FI130004B FI 130004 B FI130004 B FI 130004B FI 20185252 A FI20185252 A FI 20185252A FI 20185252 A FI20185252 A FI 20185252A FI 130004 B FI130004 B FI 130004B
Authority
FI
Finland
Prior art keywords
crankshaft
counterweight
adapter plate
machined
bores
Prior art date
Application number
FI20185252A
Other languages
Finnish (fi)
Swedish (sv)
Other versions
FI20185252A1 (en
Inventor
Sven Wilder
Peter Heimsoth
Original Assignee
Man Diesel & Turbo Se
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Man Diesel & Turbo Se filed Critical Man Diesel & Turbo Se
Publication of FI20185252A1 publication Critical patent/FI20185252A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FI130004B publication Critical patent/FI130004B/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B41/00—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
    • B23B41/003—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for drilling elongated pieces, e.g. beams
    • B23B41/006—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for drilling elongated pieces, e.g. beams the machining device being moved along a fixed workpiece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
    • F16C3/04—Crankshafts, eccentric-shafts; Cranks, eccentrics
    • F16C3/20—Shape of crankshafts or eccentric-shafts having regard to balancing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B41/00—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B39/00—General-purpose boring or drilling machines or devices; Sets of boring and/or drilling machines
    • B23B39/14—General-purpose boring or drilling machines or devices; Sets of boring and/or drilling machines with special provision to enable the machine or the drilling or boring head to be moved into any desired position, e.g. with respect to immovable work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B41/00—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
    • B23B41/12—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for forming working surfaces of cylinders, of bearings, e.g. in heads of driving rods, or of other engine parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B47/00—Constructional features of components specially designed for boring or drilling machines; Accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/02—Driving main working members
    • B23Q5/04—Driving main working members rotary shafts, e.g. working-spindles
    • B23Q5/043—Accessories for spindle drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/02—Driving main working members
    • B23Q5/04—Driving main working members rotary shafts, e.g. working-spindles
    • B23Q5/10—Driving main working members rotary shafts, e.g. working-spindles driven essentially by electrical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q9/00—Arrangements for supporting or guiding portable metal-working machines or apparatus
    • B23Q9/0007—Portable machines comprising means for their guidance or support directly on the workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q9/00—Arrangements for supporting or guiding portable metal-working machines or apparatus
    • B23Q9/0014—Portable machines provided with or cooperating with guide means supported directly by the workpiece during action
    • B23Q9/0042—Portable machines provided with or cooperating with guide means supported directly by the workpiece during action the guide means being fixed only on the workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2215/00—Details of workpieces
    • B23B2215/20—Crankshafts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2247/00—Details of drilling jigs
    • B23B2247/12—Drilling jigs with means to affix the jig to the workpiece

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Drilling And Boring (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)
  • General Details Of Gearings (AREA)
  • Machine Tool Units (AREA)

Abstract

An apparatus (10) for machining counterweight bores (21) on a crankshaft (22) of an internal combustion engine with the crankshaft (22) in the state installed in the internal combustion engine, with an adapter plate (13), which can be aligned with and mounted to counterweight bores (21) of the crankshaft (22) subject to leaving out a counterweight bore (21) to be machined, with a cross table (15) that can be mounted to the adapter plate (13), with a gearing (17) including drive motor (18) that can be mounted to the cross table (15), wherein a shaft (23), on which a machining tool (20) for the counterweight bore (21) to be machined can be mounted, can be rotationally driven via the drive motor (18) and the gearing (17), and wherein the shaft including gearing (17) can be translationally moved over the cross table (15) in longitudinal direction of the counterweight bore (21) to be machined.

Description

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MACHINING COUNTERWEIGHT BORES
ON A CRANKSHAFT OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
The invention relates to an apparatus for machining counterweight bores on a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine. The invention, furthermore, relates to a method for machining counterweight bores on a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine.
Crankshafts of large internal combustion engines, such as for example marine diesel internal combustion engines, weigh several tons. Such crankshafts comprise crankshaft webs which extend between connecting rod bearing journals for connecting connecting rods, wherein into the crankshaft webs of such crankshafts counterweight bores are introduced, on which counterweights of the crankshaft can be mounted. In the case of crankshafts known from practice it can be noted that the counterweight bores constitute a weak point of the crankshaft since stress cracks can form in the region of the counterweight bores. Machining the counterweight bores involves major expenditure since for this purpose according to the practice the crankshafts have to be removed from the internal combustion engine. Starting out from this, the present invention is based on the object of creating a new type of apparatus for machining counterweight bores on a a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine and a
N corresponding method. 2 30
S This object is solved through an apparatus for = machining counterweight bores on a crankshaft of an a internal combustion engine in the state of the
O crankshaft installed in the internal combustion engine o 35 according to claim 1. o
N
The apparatus according to the invention comprises an adapter plate which can be aligned and mounted to counterweight bores of the crankshaft subject to leaving out a counterweight bore to be machined.
Furthermore, the apparatus according to the invention comprises a cross table that can be mounted to the adapter plate. In addition, the apparatus according to the invention comprises a gearing including drive motor that can be mounted to the cross table. A shaft, on which a machining tool for the counterweight bore to be machined can be mounted, is rotationally driveable via the drive motor and the gearing. The shaft including gearing can be translationally moved over the cross table in the longitudinal direction of the counterweight bore to be machined.
With the apparatus according to the invention it is possible to machine counterweight bores of crankshafts in the state of the crankshaft installed in the internal combustion engine in order to chamber the counterweight bores, as a result of which the stress crack formation in the region of the counterweight bores of a crankshaft can be effectively counteracted.
With the apparatus according to the invention, a cost- effective, effective and time-consuming machining of the counterweight bores on a crankshaft is possible in
N situ, i.e. in the state of the crankshaft installed in
N the internal combustion engine. 2 30
S According to a further development of the invention, z the apparatus according to the invention comprises a mounting angles for mounting a base plate of the cross
A table on the adapter plate in an alignment running ® 35 perpendicularly to a plane of the adapter plate. The
N gearing is mounted to a guide plate of the cross table that is translationally moveable relative to the base plate of the cross table. By way of the mounting angles, the cross table of the apparatus according to the invention can be easily mounted in the required alignment of the adapter plate of the apparatus.
According to a further development of the invention, the adapter plate comprises a plurality of first alignment and mounting bores, via which the adapter plate can be aligned with and mounted to the counterweight bores of the crankshaft, which are introduced into crankshaft webs of the crankshaft, leaving out the counterweight bore to be machined.
Furthermore, the adapter plate comprises a plurality of second alignment and mounting bores, via which the cross table can be mounted to the adapter plate, namely subject to aligning the same relative to the counterweight bore to be machined. Such an adapter plate can be easily mounted to the crankshaft webs of the crankshaft and, furthermore, permits a machining of a counterweight bore to be machined.
The method for machining counterweight bores on a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine according to the invention is defined in claim 8.
Preferred further developments of the invention are obtained from the subclaims and the following
N description. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are
N defined in more detail by way of the drawing without 2 30 being restricted to this. There it shows:
N
= Fig. 1 a representation of an apparatus for a machining counterweight bores according to
O the invention on a crankshaft of an o 35 internal combustion engine in the state of
N the crankshaft installed in the internal combustion engine;
Fig. 2 the cross section II-II of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine represented alone together with the apparatus according to the invention in lateral view;
Fig. 4 the arrangement of Fig. 3 in plan view;
Fig. 5 a detail of Fig. 3;
Fig. 6 a detail of Fig. 4; and
Fig. 7 a cross section VII-VII of Fig. 6.
The invention relates to an apparatus and method for machining counterweight bores on a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine.
Fig. 1 shows a view of an apparatus 10 according to the invention for machining counterweight bores 21 on a crankshaft 22 of an internal combustion engine 11 in the state of the crankshaft 22 installed in the internal combustion engine 11, wherein in Fig. 1 the apparatus 10 according to the invention is mounted to crankshaft webs 12 of the crankshaft 22 of the internal
N combustion engine 11.
N
2 30 The apparatus 10 according to the invention comprises 3 an adapter plate 13, via which the apparatus 10 can be z aligned with and mounted to counterweight bores 21 of a the crankshaft 22 leaving out a counterweight bore 21
O to be machined. Accordingly, the adapter plate 13, in o 35 the preferred configuration of the same shown in
N Fig. 2, comprises a plurality, preferentially for, alignment and mounting bores 14.
Three of these four alignment and mounting bores 14 are utilised in order to mount the adapter plate 13 on counterweight bores 21 of the crankshaft 22, namely counterweight bores 21 in crankshaft webs 12 of the crankshaft 22 and align the same on the crankshaft 22, wherein one of the alignment and mounting bores 14 remains free thus leaving out the counterweight bore 21 to be machined.
Accordingly, three of the four alignment and mounting bores 14 shown in Fig. 4 serve for the mounting and alignment of the adapter plate 13 relative to a counterweight bore 21 to be machined, which is accessible via the fourth alignment and mounting bore 14.
The apparatus 10 according to the invention, furthermore, comprises a cross table 15 that can be mounted to the adapter plate 13. In the shown preferred exemplary embodiment of the apparatus 10 according to the invention, the cross table 15 is mounted to the adapter plate 13 by way of mounting angles 16, namely in an alignment running perpendicularly to a plane of the adapter plate 13.
The cross table 15 of the apparatus 10 according to the
N invention comprises a base plate 15a, via which the
N cross table 15 is mounted to the adapter plate 13, 2 30 namely with the help of the mounting angles 16, wherein
S the cross table 15 furthermore comprises a guide blade z 15 that is translationally moveable relative to the a base plate 15a, which, as already explained, can be
O moved translationally or linearly to the base plate o 35 15a, preferentially via a hand spindle 15c of the cross
N table 15, in order to move the guide blade 15b of the cross table 15 parallel to the alignment of the base plate 15a of the cross table 15, perpendicularly to the plane of the adapter plate 13 and in longitudinal direction of a counterweight bore 21 to be machined.
The apparatus 10 according to the invention, furthermore, comprises a gearing 17 including drive motor 18 that can be mounted to the cross table 15. By way of the gearing 17 or the drive motor 18 coupled to the gearing 17, a shaft 23, on which a machining tool for the counterweight bore 21 to be machined can be mounted, can be rotationally driven. As already explained, the guide blade 15b of the cross table 15, on which the gearing 17 is mounted, can be moved with the gearing 17 translationally in longitudinal
IS direction of the counterweight bore 21 to be machined.
In addition to the alignment and mounting bores 14, via which the adapter plate 13 can be mounted to and aligned with the crankshaft webs 12 of the crankshaft 20 22 and accordingly the counterweight bores 21 of the same, the adapter plate 13 comprises a plurality of second alignment and mounting bores 19.
By way of the second alignment and mounting bores 19, the cross table 15 can be mounted to the adapter plate 13 with the help of the mounting angles 16 and aligned relative to the counterweight bore to be machined, in a order to align the gearing unit 17 to that alignment
N and mounting bore 14 of the adapter plate 13 which 2 30 leaves out the counterweight bore to be machined for
S machining the same. x a The gearing 17 of the apparatus 10 according to the
O invention is shown on its own in Fig. 3, wherein the o 35 gearing 17 comprises a drive-side shaft 17a, an output-
N side shaft 17b as well as gearwheels 17c, which are
- 7 = assigned to the shafts 17a, 17b and mesh with one another.
The drive motor 18 can be coupled to the drive-side shaft 17a. The shaft, which carries the machining tool 20 to be driven, can be coupled to the output-side shaft 17b. The output-side shaft 17b or the shaft 23, which carries the machining tool 20, extends through that alignment and mounting bore 14 of the adapter plate 13 which leaves out the counterweight bore 21 to be machined for machining the same.
Fig. 3 shows a housing 17d of the gearing 17, which comprises a plurality of walls, wherein via one of these walls of the housing 17 the gearing 17 can be mounted to the cross table 15, namely to the linearly moveable guide blade 15b of the cross table 15.
The tool 20 of the apparatus 10, which serves for machining the counterweight bores 21, is preferentially a tool with the help of which the counterweight bore 21 to be machined can be chambered.
For machining a counterweight bore 21 to be machined of a crankshaft 22 of an internal combustion engine the procedure is that the adapter plate 13 of the apparatus 10 according to the invention is initially mounted to a the crankshaft 22, namely on crankshaft webs 12 of the
N crankshaft 22, namely via the first alignment and 2 30 mounting bores 14a subject to leaving out the 3 counterweight bore 21 to be machined. Here, the z crankshaft 22 is installed in the internal combustion a
N engine.
S
® 35 Following this, the cross table 15, together with the gearing 17 mounted to the cross table 15, is mounted to the adapter plate 13 namely in such a manner that the gearing unit 17 is exactly aligned with respect to the counterweight bore 21 to be machined. This is affected with the help of a gauge, which for this purpose is inserted in the counterweight bore 21 to be machined.
Following this, the plug gauge is removed and the machining tool 20, via the shaft 23, on which the machining tool 20 acts, positioned in the counterweight bore 21 to be machined.
The shaft 23, which carries the machining tool 20, is then coupled to the output-side shaft 17b of the gearing 17. Following this, the shaft 23, which carries the machining tool 20, can be drive via the drive motor 18, namely rotationally, wherein in the process the
IS tool can be moved over the cross table 15 in longitudinal direction of the counterweight bore 21 to be machined.
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REFERENCE LIST
10 Apparatus 11 Internal combustion engine 12 Crankshaft web 13 Adapter plate 14 Alignment and mounting bore 15 Cross table 15a Base plate 15b Guide plate 15c Spindle 16 Mounting angle 17 Gearing 17a Shaft 17b Shaft 17c Gear wheel 17d Housing 18 Drive motor 19 Alignment and mounting bore 20 Machining tool 21 Counterweight bore 22 Crankshaft 23 Shaft
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Claims (9)

1. An apparatus (10) for machining counterweight bores (21) on a crankshaft (22) of an internal combustion engine, in particular of a large internal combustion engine such as a marine diesel internal combustion engine, in the state of the crankshaft installed in the internal combustion engine, with an adapter plate (13), which can be aligned with and mounted to counterweight bores (21) of the crankshaft (22) subject to leaving out a counterweight bore (21) to be machined, with a cross table (15) that can be mounted to the adapter plate (13), with a gearing (17) including drive motor (18) that can be mounted to the cross table (15), wherein a shaft (23), on which a machining tool (20) for the counterweight bore (22) to be machined can be mounted, can be rotationally driven via the drive motor (18) and the gearing (17), N wherein the shaft (23) including gearing (17) can N be translationally moved over the cross table (15) 2 30 in longitudinal direction of the counterweight S bore (22) to be machined. i
N 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized A by mounting angles (16) for mounting a base plate ® 35 (15a) of the cross table (15) to the adapter plate N (13) in an alignment which runs perpendicularly to a plane of the adapter plate (13).
3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the gearing (17) is mounted to a guide plate (17b) of the cross table (15) which can be moved relative to the base plate (15a) of the Cross table (15) translationally and perpendicularly to the plane of the adapter plate (13).
4. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the guide plate (15b) can be translationally moved relative to the base plate (15a) via a hand spindle (15c).
5. The apparatus according to any one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the adapter plate (13) comprises a plurality of first alignment and mounting bores (14), via which the adapter plate (13) can be aligned with and mounted to the counterweight bores of the crankshaft, which are introduced into crankshaft webs (12) of the crankshaft (22), subject to leaving out the counterweight bore (21) to be machined.
6. The apparatus according to any one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the adapter plate (13) comprises a plurality of second alignment and N mounting bores (19), via which the cross table N (17) can be mounted to the adapter plate (13), 2 30 namely aligning the same relative to the S counterweight bore (21) to be machined. = a
7. The apparatus according to any one of the claims 1 O to 6, characterized in that the gearing (17) o 35 comprises a drive-side shaft (17a), an output-side N shaft (17b) and intermeshing gearwheels (17c), wherein the drive motor (18) can be mounted to the drive-side shaft (17a) and the shaft (23), on which the machining tool (20) can be mounted, can be coupled to the output-side shaft (17b).
8. The apparatus according to any one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the gearing (17) comprises a housing (17d), via which the gearing (17) can be mounted to the cross table (15).
9. A method for machining counterweight bores (21) on a crankshaft (22) of an internal combustion engine in the state of the crankshaft (22) installed in the internal combustion engine, with an apparatus (10) according to any one of the claims 1 to 8, wherein the apparatus, via the adapter plate (13), is aligned with and mounted to the counterweight bores (21) of the crankshaft (22) subject to leaving out the counterweight bore (21) to be machined, the counterweight bore (21) to be machined is machined with the tool (20) of the apparatus (10). N N O N O LO N I jami a N LO N LO 00 o N
FI20185252A 2017-04-05 2018-03-16 Apparatus and method for machining counterweight bores on a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine FI130004B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017107301.9A DE102017107301B4 (en) 2017-04-05 2017-04-05 Apparatus and method for machining counterweight holes on a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
FI20185252A1 FI20185252A1 (en) 2018-10-06
FI130004B true FI130004B (en) 2022-12-15

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ID=62817043

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
FI20185252A FI130004B (en) 2017-04-05 2018-03-16 Apparatus and method for machining counterweight bores on a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine

Country Status (7)

Country Link
JP (1) JP7128641B2 (en)
KR (1) KR102483036B1 (en)
CN (1) CN108687381B (en)
CH (1) CH713696B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102017107301B4 (en)
FI (1) FI130004B (en)
NL (1) NL2020705B1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH713696A2 (en) 2018-10-15
NL2020705B1 (en) 2019-01-28
JP2018176417A (en) 2018-11-15
DE102017107301B4 (en) 2019-01-24
CH713696B1 (en) 2021-07-30
NL2020705A (en) 2018-10-10
DE102017107301A1 (en) 2018-10-11
JP7128641B2 (en) 2022-08-31
FI20185252A1 (en) 2018-10-06
KR20180113167A (en) 2018-10-15
CN108687381B (en) 2021-05-11
CN108687381A (en) 2018-10-23
KR102483036B1 (en) 2022-12-29

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