FI126482B - Pyrolysis device and pyrolysis process - Google Patents

Description

Pyrolysis apparatus and pyrolysis process

Background of the Invention

The invention relates to a pyrolysis apparatus and a pyrolysis process.

In pyrolysis, organic solids are decomposed by heating to oxygen without affecting the process. Pyrolysis can also be called dry distillation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a new type of pyrolysis apparatus and a new type of pyrolysis process.

The solution according to the invention is characterized by what is stated in the independent claims. Certain embodiments of the invention are set forth in the dependent claims.

The disclosed solution uses a continuous pyrolysis apparatus, i.e. the pyrolysable material is continuously fed to the reactor and transported through the apparatus. The apparatus comprises at least two adjusting parts. The pyrolysable material is conveyed through said at least two adjusting members. The material is subjected to different thermal effects in at least two different adjusting parts. Further, at least two adjusting members recover vaporized gas from the material.

When the apparatus has at least two control members, the temperature of the different stages of the process can be controlled separately, taking into account the properties of the different pyrolysing materials. Gases separated from the material can easily be collected in different fractions early in the process. The size of the required reactors can be kept reasonably small, making the equipment durable and long lasting. At each temperature, the gases that are pyrolyzed can be fractionated already at the gas formation stage. This allows for a quick and simple redistribution of the gas fractions formed in the various control portions, which results in further refining at low cost. The various pyrolysable materials are composed of different hydrocarbon fractions which evaporate at specific temperatures for each substance. Using these known temperatures, the temperature of each control member can be determined individually and the gas formed can be recovered in its own control member. In the first control section the gases formed at the lowest temperature can be recovered and in the next control section the gases formed at higher temperatures and so on as long as all hydrocarbon gases are formed. At the end, non-pyrolysed solids emit from the continuous pyrolysis apparatus.

According to one embodiment, the control members are formed by dividing the pyrolysis reactor into blocks. Such a structure is simple and reliable.

According to another embodiment, the control members are formed of sequentially arranged pyrolysis reactors. This eliminates the need for a long conveyor in the system. Further, thermal expansion does not cause major problems. Further, temperature control in various parts of the process is utilized.

According to a third embodiment, the control members are formed of sequentially arranged pyrolysis reactors, at least one of which is divided into blocks.

According to yet another embodiment, at least two different adjusting members are arranged to deviate from the direction of travel of the material. The direction of movement of the material of the adjusting members may differ, for example, by 90 degrees. This allows the equipment to be adapted, for example, to a shorter space or otherwise optimally. The equipment can be made into a compact unit.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Some embodiments of the invention are illustrated in more detail in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a side elevational view and a sectional view of the pyrolysis apparatus,

Figure 2 is a side view of the pyrolysis apparatus of Figure 1,

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the pyrolysis apparatus of Figure 2 taken along line A-A of Figure 2,

Figure 4 is a schematic side view of another pyrolysis apparatus,

Figure 5 is a schematic side view of a third pyrolysis apparatus; and

Figure 6 is a schematic view from above of a fourth pyrolysis apparatus.

Detailed Description of Embodiments

Fig. 1 shows a pyrolysis apparatus 1 comprising a single pyrolysis reactor 10 in this embodiment. a rotary feeder. Similarly, the outlet 3 is provided with an air barrier.

During pyrolysis, the pyrolysable material is conveyed in the pyrolysis channel 4 by a conveyor 5. The conveyor 5 may be, for example, a screw conveyor. The conveyor can also be, for example, a bump conveyor or a chain conveyor or some other heat-resistant conveyor.

A gas collecting channel 6 is arranged above the pyrolysis channel 4. When the material in the pyrolysis channel 4 is heated, the gas which enters the gas collecting channel 6 is evaporated.

The pyrolysis reactor 10 is divided into two or more blocks 7a-7c. In the embodiment of Figure 1, the pyrolysis reactor is divided into blocks 7a-7c by partitions 8 arranged in a gas collection duct 6. The partition wall 8 then effectively holds the vaporized gas in a given block. Similarly, the partition 8 helps to direct the heating effect to the desired block. If desired, the partition wall 8 may also be smaller than the cross-section of the gas collection passage 6. In this case, the equipment is simple in structure and at the same time durable. However, the partition wall 8, even smaller in cross-section, controls the gas produced and the thermal effect.

If desired, the apparatus can also be divided into sections without partitions, whereby the division into sections can result from different thermal effects being applied to different parts of the apparatus.

Each block 7a-7c is provided with a degassing connection 9. Through the degassing connection 9, gas separated from the material to be pyrolyzed at each stage 7a to 7c can be separately removed.

As shown in FIG. 2, at least one heater 15 is provided for each block 7a-7c. In the straightening form of FIG.

By providing a separate heater 15 for each block 7a-7c, different amounts of thermal effects can be applied to the material to be pyrolyzed in the different blocks 7a-7c. In the first block 7a the temperature can be adjusted to the lowest, in the second block 7b the temperature can be adjusted higher than in the previous block and in the last block 7c the temperature can be adjusted to the highest.

In the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2, the blocks 7a-7c form the control parts of the pyrolysis apparatus 1.

The pyrolysable material produces different gases at different temperatures. Thus, the gas formed at the temperature of the Mata lime is recovered from the first block 7a. In the next block, gas which is formed at a slightly higher temperature, etc. is recovered.

The temperature at which the gases are formed depends on the material being pyrolyzed. Thus, the temperature of each block 7a-7c can be determined as desired, taking into account the properties of the material to be pyrolyzed.

The material to be pyrolyzed may be, in principle, any organic substance. Examples of pyrolysable material are rubber, such as car tires, various plastics, chicken manure, wood, biomass and oil contaminated soil or other similar pyrolysis material.

Fig. 2 is a reference showing a control unit 11 for controlling the heaters 15. Naturally, the temperature unit is supplied to the control unit 11 from within the various blocks 7a to 7c of the apparatus 1. However, for the sake of clarity, such an arrangement is not shown in Figure 2. The heater 150 may comprise, for example, a heater 12 and a heating conduit 13. The heater 12 may comprise, for example, a burner, fuel storage and supply means, and a recirculation apparatus for circulating fluid circulating in the heating conduit. However, for the sake of clarity, the heating device 12 is shown by way of illustration only. The fuel used may be, for example, gas or diesel or any other suitable fuel. If the fuel is a gas, the gas recovered from the pyrolysis plant during use may be used as fuel. The medium circulating in the heating conduit 13 may be, for example, hot air. Further, the medium may be, for example, a hot saline solution, for example a better efficiency compared to air. The saline solution is obtained by heating the salt by heating. For example, saline can reach temperatures of up to nearly 600 ° C. The salt may be, for example, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium chloride, sodium chloride or any other suitable salt or salt mixture. The saline solution transfers heat very efficiently due to its good heat transfer coefficient compared to, for example, conventional media such as air or flue gases.

The temperature of the liquid salt can be accurately controlled and does not cause point thermal stresses on the outside of the reactor. In this way, the temperature of the various blocks 7a to 7c can be adjusted very precisely. Further, by using saline for heating, it is also possible to reduce the adherence of solids contained in the flue gases, for example, which may be generated in the heating, to the heating conduit 13. The heater using saline as a medium may also be used in pyrolysis equipment. Further, such a heater can be used in any other apparatus or process because such a heater provides precise indirect heating. Thus, in this specification, a heater suitable for use in any apparatus is provided having means for heating the brine and a heating conduit for directing the thermal effect of the heated brine to heat the object to be heated. Further, this disclosure discloses a method of heating an object to be heated by heating the saline solution and circulating the heated saline solution in the heating piping to heat the object to be heated. The heater 15, if desired, may also be, for example, a direct flame heater or an indirectly hot air heater or other similar heater. The heating piping 13 is fitted to the sheath 14 of the gas collection duct 6 and the pyrolysis duct 4 as shown in Figure 3. In this way, the heating piping 13 can efficiently transfer heat and, on the other hand, reliably heat the pyrolysable material.

As shown in Figure 3, the pyrolysis channel 4 and / or the gas collection channel 6 may have a circular cross-section. In this case, the pyrolysis channel 4 may be referred to as the pyrolysis tube and the gas collection channel 6 as the gas collection tube. The tubular structure can easily provide the desired temperature distribution within the ducts. Still structurally, such a solution is simple and robust. Where the pyrolysis channel is circular, i.e. the pyrolysis tube is a conveyor 5 preferably a screw conveyor.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 4, the pyrolysis apparatus 1 has three pyrolysis reactors 10a, 10b and 10c.

The feed 2 of the first pyrolysis reactor 10a is also the feed of the pyrolysis apparatus 1. The outlet of the first pyrolysis reactor 10a is an intermediate outlet 3 '. The intermediate outlet 3 'of the first pyrolysis reactor 10a is connected to the inlet of the second pyrolysis reactor 10b, which is thus the intermediate inlet 2'. Correspondingly, the outlet of the second pyrolysis reactor 10b is an intermediate outlet 3 'which is connected to the inlet of the third pyrolysis reactor 10c, which is accordingly an intermediate inlet 2'. The outlet of the third pyrolysis reactor 10c is also the outlet 3 of the pyrolysis apparatus 1.

The pyrolysis reactors 10a, 10b and 10c form the control parts of the pyrolysis apparatus 1. Such a solution does not require as long a conveyor for pyrolysis equipment. This makes it easy to control the strength and deflection of the conveyor even when the conveyor is in a hot environment. Further, the pyrolysis apparatus does not have a uniform long structure which would be difficult to control by thermal expansion. Further, by forming the pyrolysis apparatus from a plurality of pyrolysis reactors, the temperature is controlled very well in the various parts of the process.

Fig. 5 illustrates otherwise a solution similar to Fig. 4, but the pyrolysis apparatus 1 of Fig. 5 has a third pyrolysis reactor 10c divided into blocks 7a-7c. In the embodiment of Figure 5, the control portions of the pyrolysis apparatus 1 comprise a first pyrolysis reactor 10a, a second pyrolysis reactor 10b, a first block 7a of a third pyrolysis reactor 10c, a second block 7b of a third pyrolysis reactor 10c and a third block 7c of a third pyrolysis reactor 10c. In this way, the pyrolysis apparatus 1 can be divided into a plurality of adjusting members in a simple manner.

Fig. 6 is a plan view of a pyrolysis apparatus 1. The pyrolysis apparatus of Figure 6 has three adjusting members. The first control section is formed by the first pyrolysis reactor 10a, the second control section by the second pyrolysis reactor 10b and the third control section by the third pyrolysis reactor 10c. The first pyrolysis reactor 10a passes through the material illustrated by arrow B direction. The material direction C of the second pyrolysis reactor 10b deviates by about 90 ° from the material direction B of the first pyrolysis reactor 10a. Further, in the third pyrolysis reactor 10c, in the adjusting part, the direction of movement of the material is adapted to deviate from one another, the pyrolysis apparatus 1 is formed to the desired layout. This allows the equipment to be optimally adapted to the available space. For example, Fig. 6 illustrates that the pyrolysis apparatus 1 requires a much shorter space than the pyrolysis apparatus in which the direction of material movement in each of the adjusting members is the same.

According to one embodiment, the material to be pyrolyzed differs by at least 30 degrees in two different adjusting portions.

It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that as technology advances, the basic idea of the invention can be implemented in many different ways. The invention and its embodiments are thus not limited to the examples described above, but may vary within the scope of the claims.

Claims (8)

A pyrolysis device comprising a pyrolysis channel, a gas collection channel, an input for supplying materials to be pyrolyzed to the pyrolysis channel, an outlet from removal of pyrolysed material from the pyrolysis channel, and a conveyor for transporting materials to be pyrolysed in the pyrolysis channel from an outlet to the outlet, wherein the pyrolysis device has continuous operation, which device has at least two control parts, at least one heater for each control part, wherein at least two different control parts can be directed to the material to be pyrolished various large heat effects and at least two control parts exhibit a gas reading recovering gas formed from the material to be pyrolysed, said pyrolysis device having a pyrolysis reactor divided into blocks to form the control portions and in which gas collecting duct is provided a partition between the blocks. The pyrolysis device according to claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis device comprises at least two pyrolysis reactors, the pyrolysis reactor being the control part of the pyrolysis device. Device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in at least two different control parts the direction of travel of the material is arranged to deviate from one another. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the heater comprises means for heating a saline solution and a heating tube system for circulating the heated saline solution for heating an object to be heated. A pyrolysis method using a continuous operation pyrolysis device such that a material to be pyrolysed is transported through the device, which device comprises at least one pyrolysis reactor with a pyrolysis channel and a gas collection channel, which device has at least two control parts through which the material is to be pyrolysed. , wherein at least two different control parts are directed at the material to different large heat effects, the at least two different control parts being separated from each other by providing in the gas collection channel an intermediate wall between the control parts and from at least two different control parts from which the material formed from the pyrol is collected is collected. The method of claim 5, wherein the pyrolysis device comprises at least two pyrolysis reactors arranged to constitute the control parts of the pyrolysis device. A method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein in at least two different control parts, the material is transported in directions which differ from each other. A method according to any one of claims 5-7, wherein the heat effect is directed to the material by heating a saline solution and by allowing the saline solution to circulate in a heating pipe system to heat the material to be pyrolysed.