FI126025B - Process and plant for the treatment of materials classified as waste, product produced by the process and use of the product - Google Patents

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE DISPOSAL OF A SUBSTANCE, A PRODUCT MANUFACTURED BY THE METHOD, AND USE OF THE PRODUCT

The invention relates to a method as defined in the preamble of claim 1 and to an apparatus as defined in the preamble of claim 8 for treating a substance classified as waste, and to a product as defined in the preamble of claim 12.

The method and apparatus according to the invention, i.e. the solution according to the invention hereinafter, is very well suited for the treatment of various wastes classified as waste, such as fly ash, bottom ash, volcanic material, slag and granular slag and other suitable crushable waste such as glass. and convert them into products suitable for further processing. One very suitable object for treatment is fly ash from coal-fired power plants, which is currently mostly disposed of as landfill, but which can be used according to the invention, for example, as a cement additive for concrete, asphalt, injection agent and also as a soil excavator.

Fly ash has been used according to prior art for the aforementioned uses, but the results may not have been good enough, since fly ash has been commonly used as such, without any sorting, whereby for example concrete with unsorted fly ash used as an additive any. The fly ash-filled cements in prior art solutions generally contain about 15-35% fly ash. The use of untreated fly ash is typically seasonal, the use rates are limited, and the benefits obtained have been limited by strict technical limits.

There have also been attempts to refine fly ash with solutions based on washing technology, but these are expensive and need to be accompanied by a fly ash drying process.

It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above drawbacks and to provide an inexpensive and reliable method and apparatus for handling a substance classified as waste. The aim is to increase the utilization of fly ash, for example, in the concrete industry, asphalt construction and civil engineering, while reducing the amount of fly ash and other industrial waste going to landfills. The method according to the invention is characterized in what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 1. Correspondingly, the apparatus according to the invention is characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 8 and the product according to the invention is characterized by what is presented in the characterizing part of claim 12. Other embodiments of the invention are characterized by what is set forth in the other claims.

One of the great advantages of the solution according to the invention is the economical and very advantageous re-use of materials which are otherwise classified as waste and which are treated as waste, such as fly ash. This has the advantage, inter alia, of reducing the amount of CCp emitted by the cement industry in the concrete industry, since cement is needed to produce concrete while less well-sorted fly ash replaces part of the cement. However, this is not the case with unsorted fly ash. Up to roughly 100 kg of fly ash replaces approximately 30 kg of cement. Correspondingly, limestone powder has traditionally been used as filler in asphalt production. However, suitably graded coal fly fly ash is well suited for asphalt paving fines because of its uniform granularity, good pore-filling capacity, suitably low water content, and alkaline nature. Because fly ash is bound in asphalt mass, its environmental impact is negligible. Fly ash, and especially fly ash graded to a suitable grain size, can replace natural soil, for example in road structures. Fly ash is well suited for a wide range of filling structures, foundations and noise barriers in community construction and special structures such as ports and landfills.

According to the invention, material treated and sorted for its particle size, such as fly ash, can be termed a micronized product for which competing products include, among other things, prior art fly ash and silica (SiCg). The solution according to the invention has the following advantages: The manufactured products are of uniform quality and technically reliable, the products thus manufactured replace more natural materials, replace more cement, the sorting accuracy and the better technical quality of the sorted product are better; reduces raw material, transport and energy costs, the ecological footprint is smaller than traditional fly ash, and the product according to the invention is certified.

It is also an advantage that the solution according to the invention is advantageous and that the waste treatment can be handled holistically and centrally, as in a waste treatment plant. Another advantage is that all the waste to be processed goes to different products, which reduces the amount of waste. A further advantage is that heavy metals in fly ash can be enriched in their own grain size class, which allows them to know which grain size products do not contain heavy metals. These products can then be freely used for applications where heavy metal products are not to be used. Similarly, a particle size product known to contain heavy metals may be used, for example, in the manufacture of asphalt and concrete in which fly ash is in a bound form.

The invention will now be described in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying simplified drawings, in which Figure 1 is a simplified diagrammatic view of the method of the invention, Figure 2 is a side elevational, schematic and simplified view of a fly ash or similar waste material, and Fig. 4 is a simplified schematic view of another preferred embodiment of the invention in a fly ash or similar waste sorting line, Fig. 4 is a side view of a feedstock for raw material storage and one sorting device for grain sorting, Fig. 5 is a side elevational, schematic and simplified view of two product silos of a fly ash or similar waste sorting line according to the invention, Fig. 6 is a schematic and simplified side view of a fly ash of the fly ash of the invention or a similar waste line of the invention, and Fig. 7 is a schematic and schematic side view, Figure 8 is a schematic and simplified view of a sample of freshly mixed wet concrete and Figure 9 is a substantially enlarged and schematic representation of the sampling point shown in Figure 8 with dotted lines.

In the solution according to the invention, fly ash and other materials classified as industrial process waste, such as bottom ash, lumps and granular slag and other suitable crushable waste such as glass and volcanic material, are processed so that they are no longer classified as waste. In the process of the invention, fly ash and / or other substances mentioned above are sorted and classified to achieve the desired substantially accurate particle size distribution. If necessary, the material is milled to a smaller size and resold to grain size sorting. In addition, each particle size and material will be assigned the correct applications. Products of different grain sizes so sorted are each stored in their own containers for future use. This process is called shorter term micronisation and, for example, concrete made with the raw material according to the invention is microbeton with the raw material according to the invention.

Figure 1 shows a simplified diagrammatic view of the method according to the invention. The fly ash la or other material Ib which is suitable for this purpose, for example, classified as waste, is supplied from the material storage site 1 to the micronization process 2 according to the invention, where the material is graded and sorted according to material and grain size in different size sieves and / or -with it. The thus sorted products 3a are stored according to material and grain size in their storage place 3, for example in silos acting as storage tanks, from which the products 3a, for example fly ash screened and sorted to a specific grain size, are delivered to end users 4 of desired granulate 4a and / or concrete 4b.

Figure 2 is a side elevational, schematic and simplified view of one fly ash or similar waste sorting line 5 according to the invention. In this case, the sorted material, for example fly ash 12, is sorted into four different grain size classes. or more. The material to be sorted, for example fly ash 12, is guided along a feeder passage 11 as part of the transmission path to a screening device 13, for example a mechanical vibration screen or a wind screen, where the oversized particles 20 and unburned carbon are separated from the fly ash 12. The apparatus includes means for adjusting the screen 13 according to grain size, slope angle and other desired criteria.

Material passing through screen 13 drops into a first sorting funnel 6 having a rotatable, for example, a rotatable ejector member 16, whose wings 17 disintegrate the falling material and throw a portion of the falling material forward to the second sorting funnel 7. The blowing effect is enhanced by blower 15 throw smaller and lighter materi-aalipartikkeleita towards the second lajittelusuppiloa 7. only the largest in size and heavier particles are particles of a material 12a drop into a first lajittelusuppiloon 6 and through the storage tank in the direction of the arrow 19a. The apparatus includes means for adjusting blower 14 according to blowing pressure, blowing direction, air volume and other desired criteria. In addition, the apparatus is provided with auxiliary fans, for example, on the side of the sorting line 5 in the middle of the sorting line 5. Auxiliary blowers enhance the passage of smaller sized particles, i.e. material particles 12b-12d, into their own sorting funnels 7-9.

Due to the airflow 15 of the blower 14 and the discharge member 16, lighter fly ash particles always fly in a line between two successive screening funnels 10 with open top and height adjustable baffles 10 toward the other screening funnels, from which the heaviest and second 19b direction. At this stage, the open tops of the partitions 10 form the material flow path.

Similarly, the next smallest particles 12c take flight air flow accompanying the particular partition wall 10 more than the third lajittelusuppilolle to 8, where they fall down due to its weight and still have it own storage tank through 19c in the direction of the arrow. While the size of the smallest and lightest particles 12d still flying fourth lajittelusuppiloon to 9, a rear wall 10a at the latest, they stop and fall to the lajittelusuppiloon 9, which shall continue to own a storage tank in the direction of the arrow 19d. The height of the partitions 10 of the screening funnels 6-9 also adjusts the amount of fly ash obtained in each screening funnel 7-9 and, at the same time, the particle size of the material. For example, the higher the partition 10 between the screening funnels 8 and 9, the smaller the particle size is the fly ash particles 12d that descend to the last screening hopper 9.

The screening line 5 still has a lid 18 on top of the screening funnels 7-9 to prevent the screening funnels 7-9 from getting foreign matter and the material being screened away by the air stream 15.

At the first end of the sorting line 5, in front of the first sorting hopper 6, the direction of the blower 14 and the air flow 15 it blows are very important for sorting. The airflow 15 is directed partly to the stream of particles falling from the side and from below, whereby the lighter particles partially fly upward and simultaneously towards the other sorting funnels 7-9 of the sorting line 5 and pass along the airflow to the sorting funnel 6-9. The discharge member 16 assists the air stream 15 to disperse the flow of material.

Figure 3 is a schematic and simplified plan view of one fly ash or similar waste sorting line 21 comprising a plurality of sorting lines 5a-5e corresponding to a parallel sorting line 5, which may include both the same material and completely different material. At the beginning of the sorting lines 5-5e is a waste material collection point with the necessary equipment and at one end of the lines, and at each storage container there are sorted product collection and distribution points. For example, there is preferably a carriageway between each sorting line 5-5e for the further introduction of the sorted product, or a pipeline or other suitable distribution channel for further supply of the sorted product. At the bottom right of Figure 3, the path of the smallest product 12d of line 5 from its storage silo below the sorting hopper 9 is marked for use. Other pickup and delivery points or routes are not shown in Figure 3 for clarity.

Fig. 3 shows the lowest fly ash screening line 5 previously shown in Fig. 2, having a receiving point 22 with means for receiving and guiding fly ash 12, for example, through a feed line 11 to a screening device 6f and sorting funnels 6-9 from which the fly ash packing box, manual the.

Next to the fly ash sorting line 5, if necessary, there could also be one or more, substantially identical fly ash sorting line 5. As well as the fly ash sorting line 5 could be located alone on the entire plant. In this example, adjacent to the fly ash screening line 5 is a power plant bottom ash screening line 5a, which is in principle substantially similar to the fly ash screening line 5, but with different processing equipment than the fly ash screening line 5. The bottom ash sorting line 5a comprises at least a bottom ash receiving point 23 and a grinding unit 28 where the bottom ash is milled to a smaller particle size before sorting into the sorting hoppers 6a-9a. Sorting is performed substantially similar to the sieve and air blowing arrangement as fly ash sorting.

The next line may include, for example, a granular granular slag sorting line 5b, which is substantially similar to the bottom ash sorting line 5a, but which, if necessary, has different processing equipment from the bottom ash sorting line 5a. The granulated slag sorting line 5b comprises at least a slag receiving point 24 and a grinding unit 28, wherein the bottom ash is ground to a smaller particle size before sorting into the sorting funnels 6b-9b. The screening is carried out essentially with, for example, a screen and air blast arrangement similar to the fly ash screen.

The next set of lines may further include, for example, a volcanic material sorting line 5c, which is in principle substantially similar to other sorting lines in the set, but whose processing equipment is different from that of other sorting lines. The volcanic material sorting line 5c comprises at least a material receiving point 25 and a crushing unit 29 where the volcanic material is crushed and, if necessary, ground to a smaller grain size before sorting into the sorting funnels 6c-9c. The screening is carried out essentially with, for example, a screen and air blast arrangement similar to the fly ash screen.

The line may also include a sorting line 5d for other types of crushable waste, such as waste glass and ceramic goods, which is in principle substantially similar to other sorting lines in the line, but which, if necessary, have different processing equipment from other sorting lines. The shredding waste sorting line 5d comprises at least a material reception point 26 and a crushing unit 29 where the shredded waste is crushed and, if necessary, ground to a smaller grain size before sorting into the sorting funnels 6d-9d. The screening is carried out by essentially a screen and air blast arrangement similar to the fly ash screen, for example.

Lastly, the exemplary line has a slag sorting line 5e, which is substantially the same as other line sorting lines, but whose processing equipment is different from that of other sorting lines, if necessary. The slag sorting line 5e comprises at least a material receiving point 27 and a crushing unit 29 where the slag is crushed and, if necessary, ground to a smaller grain size before sorting into the sorting hoppers 6e-9e. The screening is carried out essentially with, for example, a screen and air blast arrangement similar to the fly ash screen.

Thus, a sorting line can have only one sorting line 5-5e, or several adjacent sorting lines 5-5e, all of which contain a product sorted from different starting materials or may also contain products sorted from the same starting materials. In addition, in a line or in a single sorting line 5-5e, the storage tanks fed by the sorting hoppers 6-9e may each contain only one grain size sorted product, or each line 5-5e may have more than one storage container having substantially the same material and material. In this case, the use of the product in question is possible even when one storage tank is out of service due to maintenance or other reasons.

It is essential for the solution according to the invention that the products made by sorting the waste material are stored in their containers sorted according to the products of essentially the desired grain size, so that the products can be easily used for their best use, such as cement admixture.

Table 1 shows an excerpt from a test result in which fly ash was sorted using a test apparatus such as the method and apparatus of the invention. In it, Product # 1 is a substantially unsorted rough starting material and Product # 5 is the finest material of all. The vertical columns show four different volume percentages: D10 corresponding to 10%; D50 corresponding to 50%; D97 corresponding to 97%; and D100, which corresponds to 100%. The decimal numbers in the columns are the grain size of the material in micrometres (pm).

table 1

For example, if you look at the lowest product # 5, you will see that the sorting has gone through 100% of the entire material through a 4 µm screen, i.e. the largest grain size of the sorted product is 4 µm. However, the generally more important criterion is the grain size of D97, which is usually sufficient instead of D100, and the product is generally rated at D50, which determines the average grain size of the product. Table 1 shows that the average fineness D50 of product # 5 is thus 1.46 μιη and that more than 10% of the product is material with a particle size of less than 1 µm, that is, part of the product is already in the nanometer size range.

The handling and sorting of fly ash and other waste material used to produce products of a particular particle size will enable these products to be utilized economically and purposefully for a variety of uses for which the use of such unsorted waste material could not be previously achieved. For example, fly ash, which has the right grain size as an additive to cement used in concrete, will, among other things, improve the quality of concrete and reduce the price of concrete and reduce the consumption of cement.

By using fly ash graded to the correct grain size as the cement additive for concrete production, fly ash can be used less than prior art solutions to achieve the same result, i.e. instead of 15-35%, fly ash is only needed in the solution according to the invention. For example, the grain size of the fly ash is as follows: D50 is 1-8 pm, D97 is 2-40 pm and D100 is 3-80 pm. Similarly, D10 is in the range of 0.5 to 2 µm.

Figures 4-7 show a second preferred embodiment of the invention in a simplified schematic view. The machines, apparatuses and actuators shown in Figures 4-7 may be considered together to form one sorting line with product silos 38, 39, 47 and 48, blowers 14 and sorting equipment 6f, 7f, i.e. material sorting and waste material transfer, according to the invention, e.g. , which means the various passages of said material stream from the incineration plant to the product silos 38, 39, 47 and 48.

4-7, at the upstream end of the sorting line is a feed silo 30 serving as a stockpile of raw materials into which the coarse-grained material to be sorted, for example fly ash 12 or the like, is discharged, for example, from a power plant combustion boiler. At the lower end of the feed silo 30 there is a closure and feeding apparatus 31 for further feeding the fly ash 12 into its transfer path to the first sorting device 6f of the sorting line. Closures to the feeding apparatus 31 include, for example, a closing damper 31a or the like, which is mainly used in connection with maintenance, a motorized tray feeder 31b and a motorized conveyor element 31c, for example a screw conveyor. By means of the closing and feeding apparatus 31, the fly ash 12 is conveyed through an injector 32 to a sorting device 6f, to which injector 32 is blown with compressed air 33, for example by the aforementioned fan 14 or the like. Compressed air 33 is blown into the lower part of the screening device 6f by the injector 32, the injector 32 pulls the fly ash 12 into the screening device 6f and the upwardly rising air stream raises the smallest particles 35 smaller than a predetermined grain size.

The grain size of the particulate stream, i.e. material stream 36a, is arranged to be alternately adjusted, for example, so that one time, for example, the maximum grain size is 40 µm and the other time, another, e.g. Hereby, particles above and below the set maximum particle size and heavier particles 20 are removed from the screening device 6f, for example, back to their own circulation, incineration, sieve or other filters. In the solution of Figure 4, a material stream 20 having particles greater than 40 µm, for example, is passed through a distributor 56 either for milling, for example in a ball mill 57, followed by a reduced material stream 20a back to a sorting device 6f or milled in a jet mill 58 the output material stream 20b is small enough in grain size and homogeneous to be transferred directly to the product silo. Grinding a coarse-grained material stream 20 and re-directing it to a sorting machine 6f or directly after spray milling into the product silo results in more fine-grained product, which is also more valuable.

If necessary, the sorting result is influenced by blowing additional air 34 into the sorting device 6f. The upper part of the feed silo 30 and the product silos 38, 39, 48, 49 has, for example, a filter 37 to prevent the material in the silos from escaping into the open air. The material introduced into the sorting device 6f, for example fly ash 12, is thus sorted into the sorting device 6f at a time into two size classes; both to a size smaller than the specified size and to a size greater than the specified size.

Figure 5 shows two product silos 38 and 39 of substantially similar equipment in a sorting line, to which in this solution a particle stream 36a of grain size is passed through its transmission path from the same first sorting device 6f. Each of the product silos 38, 39 could equally well have its own sorting device 6f, but by suitably adjusting the functions of the sorting line, each sorting device 6f is sufficient to ensure a steady capacity. In this case, only the sorting device 6f is operated such that by adjusting the grain size 36a of the particle stream 36f leaving the sorting device 6f, the larger grain size material is first sorted into the first product silo 38 and the smaller grain size material to the second product silo 39, respectively.

When the coarser material is taken into the product, the material stream 36a from the sorting device 6f is led through a product filter 40 to a dispenser 42 such as a screw, flap, or the like which divides the coarser material into the first product silo 38. Similarly, when the finer material a finer material stream 36a through the product filter 40 by means of a dispenser 42 to the second product silo 39. The pump 41 is coupled to the product filter 40 such that the suction effect provided by the pump 41 facilitates the flow of material 36a into the product silos 38, 39.

Each product silo 38, 39 has, at the lower end, two material outlet points 38a and 38b and 39a and 39b provided with feed means 31 or the like, the outlet points being, for example, funnel-down. Product material 36a, sorted from the first outlet 38a, 39a, is loaded, for example, into a transport truck 43 or a transport container 44 by means of a loading bay 31d. Similarly, from another exit point 38b, 39b, the sorted product material 36a is further conveyed by means of conveyor 31c to a sorting line 7f for further sorting in a sorting line, whereby material 36a 36b and 36c, of which the size class 36b is larger in grain size and 36c is smaller in grain size. The product material 36a is led from the product silos 38, 39 through its transmission path to the second sorting device 7f by blowers 14 and through the injectors 45, 46 as previously described with reference to Figure 4 and the first sorting device 6f. If necessary, additional air 34 is also blown into the sorting device 7f.

The coarser product material 36b to be retrieved from the bottom of the sorting device 7f may be recycled to the sorting device 7f as has been done with the sorting device 6f, or may be further directed along its transfer path to its own product silo, which then receives the product material 36a 36b, since it has already been sorted out by the slightest part 36c. For example, if the starting material were product material 36a of less than 20 µm grain size in the product silo 39, after the sorting device 7f, a finer grain 36c would be for example less than 5 µm grain size and a more granular material between 5-20 µm grain size.

Figure 6 shows a product silo 47 to which a more coarse-grained material stream 36b from a second sorting device 7f is led along its transfer path. The product silo 47 has a substantially similar closure and feeding apparatus 31 with loading beams 31d as the product material 36b in the product silos 38, 39 and product silo 47 of Figure 5, for example loaded into transport trucks 43 or transport containers 44.

Similarly, Figure 7 illustrates a product silo 48 to which a finer grain stream 36c of a second sorting device 7f is led along its transfer path. The product silo 48 has a substantially similar closure and feeding apparatus 31 with loading beams 31d as the product material 36c in the product silo 47 and product silo 48 of FIG. 6, for example, into shipping containers 44 or large bags 49.

If product material with a grain size smaller than product material 37c is still desired, a new sorting apparatus substantially equivalent to the sorting equipment 6f or 7f may be added after product silage 48 to further subdivide the product material to a grain size of less than 5 µm. as large as Product 37c, but more homogeneous and finer with a smaller grain size than Product 37c. Proceeding in this manner, further attachment of the sorting devices 7f to a sorting set can result in product materials of even smaller and smaller maximum particle sizes, up to a nanometer grade.

The last device for the sorting line in the material flow path may also be the jet mill 58 mentioned in connection with Fig. 4, which is provided with an internal sorting device, whereby the jet mill 58 is milled by milling product material is sufficiently homogeneous and small enough in size. The jet mill in connection with the species roller line also provides access to nanometer-grade product material.

In its simplest form, the sorting line of the invention has at least one product silo 38, 39, 47 or 48 and at least one sorting device 6f, 7f and a source of raw materials. Preferably, the source of the raw material is the feed silo 30 described above, where, for example, fly ash 12 as the raw material is stored. Hereby, coarse-grained, for example pre-screened fly ash 12 is fed by compressed air through a screening device 6f as described above, wherein fly ash 12 is subdivided into two different grain sizes, the smaller grain size Product material being fed to a product container 38 or 39 for further use. Similarly, material 20 of larger grain size is recycled to the sorting process or other use as mentioned above.

By positioning the sorting devices 6f, 7f and the product silos 38, 39, 47 or 48 in series on the material flow path as a sorting line, the grain size reduction can be continued up to the nanometer particle size as mentioned above. The sorting line thus assembled is highly efficient and flexible, and is particularly advantageous in smaller scale applications. In addition, the sorting lines arranged in series can also be placed in parallel, as already mentioned above.

Hardware solutions as such do not make much difference in terms of the inventive idea, as long as it is essential for the solution of the invention that products made by sorting waste material are stored in their containers or sorted into product silos to produce products of substantially the desired grain size. for the best use.

Fig. 8 is a schematic and simplified view of a freshly mixed wet concrete with reinforced cement gel 50 as a binder with both small stones 51 and larger stones 52 as reinforcement. In addition, concrete and other reinforcements may be present but not shown. Fig. 8 is also supplemented with a dashed sampling point 53, which is shown at a much enlarged level in Fig. 9.

The concrete sample of Fig. 9 is schematic and simplified, showing only how the fly ash granules 54 according to the invention are positioned between the larger cement granules 55, thereby compacting the structure of the cementitious mortar. Without the cement granules 55, the fly ash particles 54 of smaller size would leave too much empty space between the cement granules 55, for example about 2-15%, which would weaken the structure. The fly ash used as a cement additive, which is smaller in size than the cement granules and has the right grain size for use, thus physically increases the strength of the cement and thus reinforces the concrete and concrete casted with fly ash. Similarly, drying cracks and frost resistance, among other things, are reduced.

According to prior art cement fly ash is added to the cement during the cement grinding step. However, in this case it is not possible to obtain fly ash of the required grain size in relation to the properties of the cement grade being produced. According to the invention, fly ash of just the right grain size is added to the cement only at the final stage of cement grinding or after the grain size of the fly ash depends on the purpose of the cement. Cement containing granules 55 of this size is supplemented with fly ash of larger grain size and fly ash of cement with smaller grain granules 55 is added. This gives high quality cement mixes for various applications.

In the preparation of cementitious grouting agents for filling various gaps and cracks, such as concrete or rock cracks, the solution of the invention provides a very good result, since the addition of cement fly ash or other suitable granulated product of the above mentioned waste materials is highly graded. From time to time, fly ash 55, which is smaller than granular cement granules, is added to the desired product, as shown in Figure 9, to compact the structure. The cement mixture can also be made so that the cement granules 55 are smaller in size than the fly ash granules 54, but again in this case it is essential to use a sorted fly ash of known grain size.

According to the invention, the cement suitable for concrete production is mixed with fly ash particles 54 smaller than cement granules 55 to fill only the voids between the cement granules 55, whereby only about 2-14% of cement is mixed with the selected fly ash according to the desired cement quality. 12% and preferably, for example, about 5-10% or any suitable percentage of the above ranges, i.e. 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 or 13% or parts thereof. Thus, the amount of fly ash used in this way can be much smaller than the approximately 15-35% of the amount of cement used in the prior art, due to the fine grain sorting.

It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the various embodiments of the invention are not limited to the examples above, but may vary within the scope of the following claims. It is essential that an additive product, such as fly ash or other material classified as waste, is sorted according to the purpose of use, so that the grain size of said additive product is substantially accurately known.

It will also be apparent to one skilled in the art that the sorted additive product of the invention may also be made by methods and apparatus other than those set forth above.

Claims (15)

1. A process for treating materials which are to be classified as waste, in which process the material classified as waste is processed so that it can be used, for example, as additives in the manufacture of cement, concrete, asphalt and / or grout and also for construction work, in which method the material classified as waste by means of an air stream (15, 33) is sorted according to the grain size of different products and stored and used according to the grain size as different products, characterized in that the air stream (15, 33) is directed upwards into the material flow which is to be are sorted so that the largest particles (12a, 20) of a predetermined first size class may first fall out of the material flow to be sorted and the rest of the material flow is further controlled with the air stream (15, 33), and the now largest particles (12b, 36b) ) of a predetermined second size class may then fall out of the material flow to be sorted and sorting continues in the same way, until finally the smallest particles (12d, 36c) of a predetermined minimum size class with the air stream are guided to the last sorting funnel (9) or product jet (48). Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the material classified as waste in a sorting device (6f, 7f) placed in a sorting line in the material's transport path by means of a compressed air stream is sorted according to grain size in at least two size classes, of which the grain size in the the first size class (36a, 36c) is substantially smaller than the predetermined boundary grain size and the grain size of the second size class (20, 36b) is substantially larger than the predetermined boundary grain size, and the product material of the size class (36a, 36c) with a grain size substantially smaller than the predetermined boundary grain size is led to a product silo (38, 39, 48), from which the product material is taken and used for other purposes or further sorted according to grain size in at least two size classes, for example by means of the following sorting device (71) in the same sorting line, and after sorting suffered s to the next product silo, where the product material is again subdivided into two size classes until the smallest desired size class is reached. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the material classified as waste is sorted according to grain size by first removing the largest particles with a screening device (13) or the like, after which the material flow is led to mechanical separation, such as to a rotating throwing means (16). and at the same time, air with a fan (14) is blown into the material flow with such force that particles (12a-12d) of different sizes are transported to sorting funnels (6-9) according to their size class and further to their storage tanks. Method according to Claim 1 or 3, characterized in that air is blown obliquely upwards in the downward flow of material so that the largest particles (12a) are allowed to fall straight down into the first sorting funnel (6) and the second largest particles (12b) below the action of the throwing member (16) flies with the air stream (15) to the second sorting funnel (7), and the particles in the order of subsequent particles (12c) fall into the third sorting funnel (8) and the smallest particles (12d) fall into the the last sorting funnel (9). Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that different materials classified as waste, such as fly ash, bottom ash, volcanic material, granulated slag, piece slag and waste to be crushed, such as glass, porcelain and so on, are each sorted according to grain size in their own storage tanks for separate products, which are either used as additives or as such for various purposes. Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material classified as waste is sorted according to the grain size of various products, the grain size of which is, for example, one or more of the following: D10 is in the range 0.5-2 pm; D50 is in the range of 1-8 pm; D97 is in the range of 2-40 pm and D100 is in the range of 3-80 pm. Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the cement used in the manufacture of concrete as an additive, about 2-14% fly ash is mixed by the amount of cement, preferably for example about 3-12%, and preferably for example about 5-10 % or any suitable percentage of said range, i.e. 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 or 13 percent or parts thereof. 8. Apparatus for treating materials which are classified as waste, in which apparatus the material classified as waste is arranged to be processed so that it can be used, for example, as an additive in the manufacture of cement, concrete, asphalt and / or grout and also for plant works, and the device comprising at least one or more sorting funnels (6-9) or one or more product silos (38, 39, 47, 48) for the product processed by the waste classified material and at least one transport path along which the waste classified the material is conducted as a material flow from one location to another, in which the transport path of the material is a sorting device (6f, 7f) placed before the sorting funnel (s) (6-9) or the product silo / silos (38, 39, 47, 48) ) which is arranged to sort by means of an air stream (15, 33) the material flow of the sorting device (6f, 7f) according to grain size to at least two sizes oak classes, where the waste classified material is arranged to be sorted according to grain size, stored as different products in the sorting funnels (6-9) or the product silos (38, 39, 47, 48), to be used according to grain size as different products, characterized by: that a fan (14) is connected to the sorting device (6f, 7f) which blows an air stream (15, 33) directed downwards from the oblique or substantially straight upwards inside the sorting device (6, 33f) to lift the smaller and lighter particles upwards and away from the fan and continue away from the sorting device (6f, 7f) as a material flow with less maximum grain size. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the material classified as waste is sorted in the device's sorting line (5-5e) according to the grain size of various products, whose grain size is, for example, one or more of the following: D10 is in the range 0.5 -2 pm; D50 is in the range of 1-8 pm; D97 is in the range of 2-40 pm and D100 is in the range of 3-80 pm. Apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that at least one or more consecutive product silos (38, 39, 47, 48) are arranged in the sorting line and that a sorting device (6f, in front of each product silo) is placed in the material flow. 7f) which essentially functions by means of the air stream (15, 33). Device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the device comprises at least one screening device (13) and a rotating throwing means (16) which transport the material to the sorting funnels (6-9), which sorting funnels (6-9) are placed. one after the other in the sorting line (5-5e) and in the same sorting line (5-5e) are separated from each other by means of open and height adjustable partitions (10), and that the air flow blowing by the fan (14) in the first of the sorting line (5) The bottom is directed downwardly obliquely towards the material flow which falls into the first sorting funnel (6), and which fan (14) is arranged to blow the lightest and smallest particles (12d) over the sorting funnels (6-8) to the seen from the fan (14) at the farthest sorting funnel (9), the second lightest and to the grain size the next smallest particles (12c) above the sorting funnels (6-7) to the second seen from the fan (14) away the sorting funnel (8) and the ascending weight order subsequent and the grain size particles (12b) over the sorting funnel (6) to the funnel (7) preceding the fan funnel (14) seen the furthest away from the sorting funnel (8) , and that the apparatus comprises a number of adjacent lines, arranged for the same or another type of waste (5-5e), each arranged to sort the waste according to the grain size of different products in their own product tanks. Product manufactured by the process according to claim 1 and / or with a device according to claim 8, which contains cement and materials which can be classified as waste, characterized in that in the cement as an additive mixed to the grain size determined in grain size classes sorted material, such as fly ash. Product according to claim 12, characterized in that the grain size of the particles (54) in the waste classified material, such as fly ash, which is mixed as an additive in the cement, is smaller than the grain size of the cement particles (55), and the particles (54) in the the waste classified material, such as fly ash, is arranged in the cement gel (50) so as to substantially fill the spaces between the cement particles (55), the grain size of the particles (54) in the waste classified material, such as fly ash, in the cement gel, for example. of the following: D10 is in the range 0.5-2 pm; D50 is in the range of 1-8 pm; D97 is in the range of 2-40 pm and D100 is in the range of 3-80 pm. Product according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that in the cement used in the manufacture of concrete as an additive, about 2-14% fly ash is mixed by the amount of the cement, preferably for example about 3-12%, and preferably for example about 5-10% or any suitable percentage of said range, i.e. 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 or 13 percent or parts thereof. Use of a waste sorted according to the grain size of various products, material manufactured by the process according to claim 1 and / or with a device according to claim 8 as additives in cement, as additives in concrete, as additives in asphalt, as additives in injection agent, as additive in impregnating agent and / or for construction work.