FI124313B

FI124313B - Floating island structure, method of preventing billowing of the island structure and method of building a floating island structure

Info

Publication number: FI124313B
Application number: FI20126231A
Authority: FI
Inventors: Mikael Ulf Hedberg
Original assignee: Almaco Group Oy
Priority date: 2012-11-23
Filing date: 2012-11-23
Publication date: 2014-06-30
Also published as: WO2014080085A1; FI20126231A

Description

FLOATING ISLAND STRUCTURE, METHOD FOR PREVENTING A ROLLING OF THE FLOATING ISLAND STRUCTURE AND METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING A FLOATING ISLAND STRUCTURE

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Field of the invention

The present invention relates to a floating island structure and a method for preventing a rolling and/or tilting of the floating island structure according to the 10 preambles of the independent claims presented below. The invention also relates to a method for constructing a floating island structure.

Background of the invention 15 In high population areas the price of the land is constantly increasing which has led to higher prices of the housing. In some areas there is even a situation that there is no more land to build. One of the solutions for creating more land is for example to fill a body of water with a landfill and rocks. This is a very expensive way to make more land since in many places the sea is very deep. The depth of 20 the sea might be e.g. over 100 meters shortly after leaving the shore and so the filling of the body of the water is not possible in practice by reason of a sea bed profile.

It is also known to construct different types of floating buildings and pontoon 25 constructions for enabling new accommodations near to a shore. A problem related to the floating buildings and the pontoon constructions is the swell of the ^ sea, and so the rolling of the buildings. Additionally, for example tidewater might ^ move the construction up and down. People using the overwater buildings or an 0 artificial island might feel that the construction is moving, which might cause ^ 30 sickliness if the rolling is strong and continuous.

cc “ A patent publication US5524549 describes an example of the floating island cö construction. The presented structure is made from plurality of hexagonal shaped cells. The cells have no bottom i.e. the water can move freely underneath the ^ 35 structure. The problem relating to this structure is safety in case of heavy swell of the sea since the structure is floating with captured water and said cells might lose some of the air, which is impacting buoyancy of the island.

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The description of the Invention

It is an object of the present invention to reduce or even eliminate the above-mentioned problems appearing in prior art.

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It is an object of the present invention to provide an artificial floating island structure in a body of water which structure eliminates a rolling and swinging of the structure, especially eliminating a rolling movement from one side to other side whereby a building structure might tilt.

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It is another object of the present invention to provide a floating island structure which is easy to build at its installation place.

A typical floating island structure according to the invention comprises 15 - at least two buoyant building modules, which modules comprise a floating body and a building construction constructed above the floating body, -a connecting structure, which is arranged to interconnect at least a part of the building modules to each other forming a platform above water level between the building modules, 20 - adjustable fastening means arranged to each building module for fastening the building modules to a seabed, the adjustable fastening means comprising at least one mooring wire, which is fastened to the sea bed from one end of the wire and other end of the wire comprises an adjustable weight with a chamber for adjusting the mass of the weight, and 25 - a control system arranged to each building module, and which control systems of the building modules are connected to each other.

° A control system according to the invention may be arranged for measuring and 5 adjusting the location and/or position of the building module in relation to the water ^ 30 level. It may comprise e.g. mechanical, electrical and hydraulic devices, computer x and control systems and data transfer devices needed for its purpose.

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cö A typical method of preventing a tilting and/or rolling of the floating island structure c\j according to the invention comprising ^ 35 - measuring a change of the sea level and/or a tilting of the building module, and - adjusting fastening means of the building module on the basis of the measured change of the sea level and/or the measured tilting of the building module.

3 A typical method according to the invention of constructing a floating island structure in a body of water at its installation place, which floating island structure comprises at least two buoyant building modules, which modules comprises a floating body and a building construction above the floating body, the method 5 comprising - fastening a buoyant building module to a seabed by means of adjustable fastening means so that the building module is lower in relation to a sea level than its natural buoyancy determines, the adjustable fastening means comprising at least one mooring wire, which is fastened to the sea bed from one end of the wire 10 and other end of the wire comprises an adjustable weight with a chamber for adjusting the mass of the weight, - arranging at least a part of the building modules to interconnect with each other by means of a connecting structure, which connecting structure forms a platform above water level between the building modules, and 15 - arranging the control systems of the building modules to connect with each other.

In order to achieve among others the objects presented above, the invention is characterized by what is presented in the characterizing parts of the enclosed independent claims.

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The embodiments and advantages mentioned in this text relate, where applicable, both to the floating island structure and the methods according to the invention, even though it is not always specifically mentioned.

25 A typical artificial floating island of the invention is especially purposed for housing and business usage. It can be installed near to a shore front of the high population ^ cities for enabling residential houses or other buildings near to the city center. It oj can be installed in a body of water such as an ocean, a sea or a lake.

δ ^ 30 The floating island structure of the invention, i.e. a so-called artificial island, is i constructed from two or more interconnected building modules. Each of the “ building modules is buoyant. A typical building module according to the invention δ comprises a floating body and a building construction above the floating body. In c\j an embodiment of the invention the floating body of the building module is ^ 35 substantially flat bottomed, and it is arranged at least partly below a surface of the body of the water.

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Size and a shape of the building module can vary freely depending on the purpose of use or on the desired properties of the customer. For example, size of the floating body of the building module can be about 100 m x 100 m. There can be several modules connected to each other. Total dimensions of the floating island 5 can be 500m x 500 m or for example 1 km by 1 km or larger.

The building module can comprise any suitable type of a building construction above the floating body. Typically, the basal area of the building construction is substantially same as the area of the floating body. The buoyancy of the floating 10 body is dimensioned on the basis of the building construction constructed above it. The building construction of the module has typically been built directly above the floating body.

The building modules of the floating structure of the invention are interconnected 15 to each other directly or by means of one or more non-rigid connecting structures. When the modules are interconnected with a non-rigid connecting structure, a rolling of the building modules of the floating island can be minimized since the connecting structure between the building modules allows the adjustment of the location of the building modules in relation to each other. Typically, the connecting 20 structure forms a platform, e.g. routes and garden areas around the buildings, between the building modules, and so the upper surface of the connecting structure is arranged above the water-level. In a preferred embodiment, the whole connecting structure of the floating structure of the invention is arranged above the water-level. The connecting structure according to an embodiment of the invention 25 comprises a bridge construction with bendy or flexible constructions or with means allowing a movement of the construction.

The building modules of the floating island structure have been fastened to a 5 seabed with adjustable fastening means in order for a rolling and swinging of the ^ 30 structure is possible to eliminate. Each module of the island structure comprises x own adjustable fastening means, which are fastened to a seabed and to the “ floating body of the building module. In a preferred embodiment of the invention cö the fastening means of the building module are arranged so that in a normal ^ situation the fastening means apply such force to the building module that it is kept ^ 35 lower in relation to the sea level than its natural buoyancy determines. This way the adjustment of the module for preventing a rolling and/or tilting can be carried out more effectively. In an embodiment of the invention the fastening means are 5 arranged so that in a normal situation the module is about 0.5-1 m lower in relation to a sea level than its natural buoyancy determines.

According to an embodiment of the invention the fastening means of the building 5 module comprise vertical and/or diagonal mooring wires, which are fixed to the module and to the seabed.

The adjustable fastening means according to a preferred embodiment of the invention comprise at least one vertical mooring wire, which is fastened to the sea 10 bed from one end of the wire and other end of the wire comprises an adjustable weight with a chamber for adjusting the mass of the weight. The wire is fixed to the building module by means of fixing means, such as friction breaks or winches, which allow tightening and loosening of the wire if required for eliminating the rolling of the module. Typically, the wire traverses via winches or friction breaks 15 and the adjustable weight is situated to the free end of the wire(s), so the adjustable weight is located below a surface of the body of water.

According to an embodiment of the invention the adjustable weight of the fastening means comprise a fixed weight and a chamber for adjusting the mass of the 20 weight. The chamber having an inner volume for e.g. water/compressed air comprises removal means for removing water from the chamber and inlet means for leading simultaneously compressed air into a chamber, and inlet means for leading water from the body of water into the chamber and removal means for leading air out from the chamber. The inlet and outlet means provide a closable 25 connection between the body of water/ compressed air source and the inner volume of the chamber for leading water/air into or out from the chamber. The inlet and outlet means can comprise opening, valves, pipes and any other suitable ° connecting means. The shape of the adjustable weight is not limited. The size of 5 the chamber can be e.g. 100 to 300 m3, and the mass of the fixed weight can be 4 30 e.g. 100,000 to 500,000 kg.

cc “ In an embodiment of the invention the module of the invention comprises a cö compressed air container from which container the compressed air can be led to c\j the chamber of the adjustable weight for ensuring rapid adjustment of the mass of ° 35 the weight. The emptying of the chamber can be carried out for example so that the compressed air is led into the chamber at the top of the chamber and the water is led out from the chamber near the bottom of the chamber. In an embodiment of the invention air and water may be in direct contact with each other in the 6 chamber. In an embodiment a ratio of water and air in the chamber is dependent on the desired mass of the adjustable weight.

According to an embodiment of the invention the adjustable fastening means are 5 arranged at least to the corners of the bottom of the floating body. In another embodiment of the invention the fastening means are arranged to substantially whole area of the bottom of the floating body in required points, i.e. the number of the fastening means and also the location of the fastening means can vary depending on the size, mass and shape of the building module. The structure may 10 comprise two adjustable fastening means arranged side by side to the bottom of the floating body in order for e.g. a service of the fastening means can be carried out easily without losing any fastening point.

A building module according to the invention comprises a control system for 15 measuring and adjusting the location of the building module in relation to the sea level so that the building construction would not tilt to any direction or that the tilting is minimized. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention each building module comprises tilting sensors. In an embodiment of the invention the control system of the building module comprises at least three tilt sensors 20 arranged to the different points of the module for calculating a tilting of the module. The building module can comprise for example GPS receivers installed on at least three different points to calculate the tilting of the module. Sensors are arranged to measure a position of the module relating to the sea level.

25 The control means of the adjustable weight of the fastening means and the fixing means of the wires of the fastening means are also connected with the control ^ system of the building module. The data relating to e.g. the adjustment of the c\j length of a wire, the forces directed towards the wire and a mass of the adjustable 5 weight is supplied to the control system.

^ 30 x A method for adjusting the fastening means of the building module comprises at least the following steps: cö - measuring a change of the sea level and/or a tilting of the building module, c\j - adjusting the position of the building module, and ^ 35 - supplying a data relating to the adjustment to the control systems of the other modules.

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In an embodiment of the invention the adjustment of the fastening means is carried out by changing the mass of the adjustable weight of the fastening means, i.e. by leading water from the body of water into the chamber or removing water from the chamber. Air is led into the chamber of the adjustable weight through air 5 inlet means during the removal of water from the chamber or air led out from the chamber simultaneously as the water is fed into the chamber.

If one or more wire fastening points of the module experience too large force, the friction break will release sufficient amount of wire and/or the mass of the 10 adjustable weight is changed according to an embodiment of the invention. A strong swell of the sea might break the anchoring mechanism of the module if there are no release mechanisms of the wires. The information measured in one fixing point is sent to other fixing points and the wire is also released from those points or the mass of the adjustable weight is changed accordingly in order to 15 avoid tilting of the module construction.

The tilting of the building module can also be prevented by arranging at least one water tank with adjustable volume of water in a floating body of the building module structure. Pressure water or the like is used to move the water from side to 20 side to compensate possible swinging of the module.

According to an embodiment of the invention the floating structure further comprises an active element, such as hydraulic means, between the building construction and the floating body of the building module. According to an 25 embodiment of the invention there can be multiple active elements such as hydraulic cylinders to move the housing construction over the floating body. ^ Additionally there can be elements such as bearings under the housing to ° eliminate vertical movements.

δ 30 In a preferred embodiment of the invention the building modules of the floating x structure are configured to communicate with each other about the tilting as well “ as a sea level, middle water or tidewater related effects. Thus, the rolling and δ tilting of the interconnected building modules of the island structure can be eliminated. When the position of one building module has been adjusted, also the £3 35 position of the other interconnected modules can be adjusted on the basis of the adjustment information if required. Control systems of the modules can be connected via a communication network to each other. The control system of the whole floating island structure receives input data from each building module of 8 the island structure but also other sources relating to the swell of the sea, e.g. separate sensors over the sea, and it may send data to the control systems of the modules for adjusting fastening means of the module in advance.

5 A typical floating island structure of the invention may further comprise at least one bridge which connects the floating structure to a shore. The bridge can comprise means for delivering e.g. water and electricity to the floating structure, and means for leading out waste from the floating structure.

10 The floating island structure according to an embodiment of the invention further comprises at least one wave breaker construction, which is connected to at least one building module and/or connecting structure. The wave breaker construction can also be used to generate energy from the waves using known energy harvesting methods.

15

Brief description of the drawings

The invention will be described in more detail with reference to appended schematic drawings, in which 20

Fig. 1 shows an example of a floating island structure according to an embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 2 shows one way to connect building modules of the invention to each other, 25 Fig. 3 shows an example of the floating island structure according to an embodiment of the invention, and ^ Fig. 4 shows a detailed drawing of the adjustable fastening means according ° to an embodiment of the invention, and 5 Fig. 5 shows example of low tide, high tide and normal tide operation ^ 30 according to an embodiments.

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Detailed description of the examples of the drawings cö

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c\j Figure 1 shows a schematic drawing according to an embodiment of the invention.

^ 35 The floating island structure 100 comprises building modules 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d which have sufficient buoyancy. The modules can be built separately and they can be attached to each other at the place where the island will be installed.

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The modules can be attached directly to each other or those can be connected with a connecting structure 108.

The island structure 100 is connected to a shore via a bridge 104. The bridge 104 5 can be used for people to move from the island to shore and back either by walking or by driving. In an embodiment cars will drive via bridge to parking places which are situated at a bottom level of the building modules 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The bridge construction 104 may also be used to deliver water and electricity to the island 100. The construction 104 can also be used to lead out 10 waste from the island 100. The island may also comprise a wave breaker construction 106.

Figure 2 shows one way to connect the building modules directly to each other for constructing a floating island structure of the invention. A module 200 comprises 15 an opening or recess 204 which is made in a way that other module 202 can be fitted in the opening 204. To the interconnected structure of the modules 200, 204 can also be attached other modules directly or by means of a connecting structure.

Figure 3 presents a schematic drawing of the artificial island structure and its 20 fastening means. The island structure of Figure 3 comprises two buoyant building modules 300, 300’, which have been interconnected to each other with a connecting structure 306. The building module 300, 300’ comprises a floating body 302, 302’ and a building construction 304, 304’ above the floating body. The connecting structure 306 is at least partly above the sea level. The connecting 25 structure 306 can be used by persons or by cars to go from one building module to other building module.

cv The building module 300, 300’ has been fastened to a sea bed 320 by using o adjustable fastening means 308, which comprise a mooring wire(s) 310, an 30 adjustable weight 312 arranged to one end of the wire 310 and fixing means 314, x such as friction breaks or winches or a pulley. The other end of the wire 310 has

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“ been fixed to the seabed with suitable means 316 so that it stays firmly in the sea cö bottom. The adjustable weight 312 and the fixing means 314 of the wire make possible to adjust the position of the building module 300, 300’ relating to the sea ^ 35 level. The floating body 302, 302’ of the building module 300, 300’ can comprise several fastening means 308 arranged to the bottom of the floating body 302, 302’ as shown on the detailed drawing of the bottom. The number and location of the 10 fastening means can vary depending on the module construction, and each of the fastening means can be adjusted separately.

Figure 4 shows a detailed schematic drawing of an adjustable fastening means 5 according to an embodiment of the invention. The fastening means comprise a mooring wire(s) 404, which is fastened to a sea bed 408 with fixing means 406 and to the bottom of the building module 400 with fastening means 418 such as pulley. The adjustable weight attached to one end of the wire 404 comprises an air chamber 410 and a fixed weight 412, such as a steel weight. The fastening means 10 construction also comprises a pressure air source 402 from which compressed air can be led into the air chamber 410 via connecting means 416, such as piping. The pressure air source 402 can comprise e.g. a pressure air store and/or a compressor to generate pressured air. The connecting means 416 can comprise opening, valves, pipes and any other suitable connecting means. The chamber of 15 the adjustable weight also comprises removal means 420, such as valve, for leading air out from the chamber. Respectively, the chamber 410 comprises means 422, such as holes or the like, for leading water from the body of water into the chamber and/or for removing water from the chamber.

20 The mass of the adjustable weight can be adjusted by changing the ratio of air and water in the chamber 410. Emptying water from the chamber 410 can be carried out for example so that compressed air is led into the chamber e.g. near or at the top of the chamber via connecting means 416 and simultaneously the water is led out from the chamber via the holes 422 arranged e.g. near or to the bottom of the 25 chamber 410. Respectively, the chamber 410 can be filled with water by leading water into the chamber via the holes 422 and simultaneously opening the valve ^ 420 for leading air out from the chamber e.g. near or at the top of the chamber, δ

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5 According to some embodiments the fastening means 418 is a pulley. Pulley ^ 30 enables the floating body to follow up and down tide and still keep the constant x downward force to be applied to the floating body. As an example the weight 412 can be dimensioned in a way that building module 300 and floating body 302 of δ the construction is at 50 cm below current sea level. In case of high tide the

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cm floating island would rise (in comparison to “average sea level” or GPS “zero” seal ^ 35 level) with the water and the weight would move closer to the bottom of the building module 400. In case of low tide the floating island would go down with the tide i.e. below the average sea level or GPS “zero” sea level. The weight would move away from the floating body in this situation 11

The pulley can be a simple one pulley system as shown in the figure 4 or it can be of gun tackle type of pulley or double tackle pulley etc. This allows construction with smaller size of fixed weights.

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Fig 5. shows three different scenarios how embodiment of the invention operates: 1) Low tide marked as LOW in Fig 5 is a situation when the tide is low i.e. the distance between seabed 506 and surface of the sea 500 is smaller than normally.

10 The weight 514 pulls the floating construction 510 down via the mooring wire 512 with a constant or near constant force. Mooring wire is connected to seabed 506 with fastening means 516 such as anchor. The pulley arrangement (see e.g. Figs. 3&4) allows the weight to move up and down. In case of low tide the weight is closer to the bottom of the sea 506 than in the normal sea level scenario.

15 2) Normal tide marked as NORMAL in Fig 5 is a situation when the tide is in its “normal” position i.e. typical sea level. The typical sea level or average sea level can also correspond to GPS zero altitude level. The weight 514 pulls the floating construction 510 down via the mooring wire 512 with constant or near constant 20 force. Mooring wire is connected to seabed 506 with fastening means 516 such as anchor. The pulley arrangement allows the weight 514 to move up and down. In case of normal tide the weight 514 is closer to the floating island construction 510 than in low tide scenario.

25 3) High tide marked as HIGH in Fig 5 is a situation when the tide is high i.e. the distance between seabed 506 and the surface of the sea 500 is larger than ^ normally. The weight 514 pulls the floating construction 510 down via the mooring ™ wire 512 with constant or near constant force. Mooring wire is connected to 5 seabed 506 with fastening means 516 such as anchor. The pulley arrangement ^ 30 allows the weight 514 to move up and down. In case of high tide the weight 514 is x closer to the floating island construction 510 than in normal tide situation.

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cö Since the force resulting from the weights 514 is at least near constant in all ^ situations (low, normal and high) the floating body experiences always the same ^ 35 downward force.

Examples of construction dimensions: 12

If the size of the floating body of the building module 400 of Figure 4 is 100 m χ 100 m and the draught of the floating body in relation to the sea level will be increased by 1 m, i.e. it is needed 10250 ton force when water density is 1.025 ton/m3, the dimensioning of the adjustable fastening means can be for example as 5 follows:

When an area of the bottom of the cylindrical adjustable weight of Figure 4 is 16 m2 and a height of the fixed steel weight 412 is 3 m, the mass of the fixed steel weight is 377.28 ton (density of the steel 7.86 ton/m3). After 49.2 ton of the 10 buoyant force of water has been reduced, the mass of one fixed weight 412 will be 328.1 ton. Thus, 32 adjustable weights have to be arranged to the bottom of the building module in order that the building module 400 can be arranged 1 m lower in relation to the sea level.

15 If the air/water chamber 410 of the cylindrical adjustable weight is 16 m2 χ 10 m, the mass of the fixed steel weight 412 will be reduced by means of buoyancy 160 m3 * 1.025 ton/m3, i.e. 164 ton, when the increase of the draught will halve. The compaction of air and the mass of the air chamber’s shell has not been taken into account in the above calculations. If the size of the air/water chambers 410 is 20 made larger, for example 320 m3, the effective weight / force resulting from the weight can be made low, for example zero.

Many variations of the present invention will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art in light of the above detailed description. Such obvious variations are within 25 the full intended scope of the appended claims.

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Claims

Floating island structure (100) in a body of water, characterized in that the structure comprises at least two floating building modules (102a - 102d, 300, 300 '), the modules comprising a floating body (302, 302') and a building structure (304, 304 '). on top of a floating body, a connecting structure (108, 306) arranged to connect at least a portion of the building modules to each other by forming a level above the water surface between the building modules, 10. adjustable fastening means (308) arranged on each building module (102a - 102d, 300, 300 '); ) for attaching building modules to the seabed (320, 408), the adjustable fastening means (308) comprising at least one fastening wire (310, 404) secured to the seabed (320, 408) at one end of the wire and the other end of the wire 15 having adjustable weight (312), having a chamber (410) for adjusting the weight and a control system which makes sense each building module (102a-102d, 300, 300 ') for measuring and adjusting the position of the building module relative to the surface of the water, and the building module control systems 20 are interconnected.

Floating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the floating body (302, 302 ') of the building module is arranged at least partially below the surface of the water body. 25

Floating structure according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fixing means (308) of the £2 building module are arranged so that the building module on is lower relative to the sea surface than is determined by its natural buoyancy. s 30

A floating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the CC adjustable-weight chamber (410) comprises c0 inlet means for introducing water from the water into the chamber (422) and c / j for supplying compressed air to the chamber (416); ) and to vent the air out of the chamber (420). 18

Floating structure according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that the cable (310, 404) is fixed to the building module by means of fastening means (314, 418), such as friction brakes or winches.

A floating structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the control means for adjustable weight (312) and the wire fastening means (314, 418) are connected to the module control system.

Floating structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjustable fastening means (308) is arranged at least at the corners of the bottom of the floating body (302, 302 ').

A floating structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the building module control system comprises at least three tilt sensors arranged at different points of the module to calculate the inclination of the module.

A floating structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the floating structure (100) further comprises 20 building module structures in a floating body (302, 302 ') with at least one water tank with adjustable water volume to prevent tilting of the building module.

Floating structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the floating structure (100) further comprises an active element, such as hydraulic means, between the building structure (304, 304 ') and the floating body (302, 302') of the building module £ 2. δ CM i

A method for preventing the tilting and / or tilting of an ig 30 floating island structure (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, x the method comprising CC ° · - sea surface and / or a building module (102a - 102d, 300, 300 ') δ measuring the change in tilt, and adjusting the cm-building module mounting means (308) based on the measured change in sea level and / or the tilting of the building module 35.

A method according to claim 11, characterized in that adjusting the fastening means (308) comprises changing the mass of the adjustable weight (312) provided at one end of the fastening wire (310, 404).

A method according to claim 12, characterized in that water is introduced from the water into the adjustable weight chamber (410), or dewatered from the adjustable weight chamber (410).

A method of constructing a floating island structure (100) in a body of water at its installation site, comprising at least two floating building modules (102a - 102d, 300, 300 ') comprising modules such as a floating body (302, 302') and a building structure (304, 304 '). ) on a floating hull, the method comprising anchoring the floating building module (102a-102d, 300, 300 ') to the seabed with adjustable anchoring means (312) such that the building module 15 is lower relative to the sea surface with its adjustable anchoring means (308) one securing cable (310, 404) secured to the seabed (320, 408) at one end of the cable and the other end of the cable comprising an adjustable weight (312) having a chamber (410) for adjusting the weight 20 structure (108, 306 ), the connecting structure forming a plane above the surface of the water between the building modules, and arranging the control systems of the building modules to interconnect. CO δ CvJ CvJ o X X Q. δ CvJ CD CvJ δ CvJ