FI123921B - Hardware for adjusting the brake force of the lift brake - Google Patents

Description

APPARATUS FOR ADJUSTING THE LIFT BRAKE BRAKE POWER

The invention relates to an apparatus for adjusting the brake force of an elevator brake as set forth in the preamble of claim 1.

Elevator regulations require the lift brake to brake more than twice the static torque generated at full load. Especially in a counterweight 10 mass elevator, this easily leads to high decelerations in emergency braking which, especially when moving upwards, can endanger the safety of passengers when the elevator car suddenly stops. In counterweight high-speed lifts, the sudden stopping of the drive wheel results in slipping of the ropes at high no-15 speeds and a reduction in friction, which in turn can cause new problems.

From US 6802395 B1, JP 7-206288 A and JP 7-157211 A there are known solutions in which the operation of the brake is electrically controlled on the basis of speed or equivalent information obtained by 20 measuring devices generating an electrical signal. US 3802395 A discloses a solution in which the brake disc is conventionally braked and a slip-on connection separate from the brake is provided between the brake disc and the machine. US 3927738 A discloses a solution in which the force exerted by a brake on a brake disk is reduced by a lever acting on a disk rotated by a rotation of the machine. US 5648644 A discloses a hydraulic circuit operated by an external drive, i.e., a motor driven by means of which the elevator? The braking force of 30 brakes acting on the guide rail is adjusted.

It is an object of the present invention to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks and to provide a simple and reliable co g apparatus for adjusting the brake force of the lift brake, especially in the case of emergency braking. The idea 00 of the solution according to the invention is to control the deceleration caused by the brake and if the deceleration exceeds the set limit, the solution opens the brake to reduce the braking force. The apparatus according to the invention is characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 1. Other embodiments of the invention are characterized by what is stated in the other claims.

The inventive embodiments are also disclosed in the specification of this application. The inventive content contained in the application may also be defined otherwise than as set forth in the claims below. The inventive content may also consist of several separate inventions, especially if the invention is considered in the light of its expressions or implicit subtasks, or in terms of the benefits or groups of benefits achieved. Thus, some of the attributes contained in the claims below may be redundant for individual inventive ideas. Similarly, the various details presented in connection with the 15 exemplary embodiments of each invention may also be used in other embodiments.

An advantage of the solution according to the invention is that the lift car movement 20 does not slow down too quickly in unbalanced lifts in the emergency braking situation, so that the passengers in the car do not run the risk of sudden lift car stopping. It also has the advantage of a reliable and reliable construction. It is also an advantage that the solution according to the invention is also suitable for use in counterweight lifts, whereby slippages caused by sudden deceleration between the hoisting rope and the traction and folding wheels can be prevented. This saves at least both co q ropes and traction and folding wheels.

The invention will now be described in more detail by means of various embodiments, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

cc sun, in those

C/O

C/O

Fig. 1 is a side elevational and schematic view of both

o J

Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of a lifting gear and braking system of a lift according to an embodiment of the invention, Fig. 3 is a bottom view of an embodiment of the inventive solution; Figure 5 is a side elevational view of the elevator lifting machine and brake system using another embodiment of the solution of the invention; 10 Figure 5 is a schematic view of the various components of the elevator brake system and their connections to each other; apparatus to which the brake-lightening function of the invention is connected.

Fig. 1 is a schematic and simplified view of one counterweight traction sheave elevator incorporating at least an elevator hoisting machine 5 with a nos-20 motor, a traction sheave 6, an elevator control system 8, and an elevator car 1 substantially movable along guide rails 4 is suspended from a hoisting rope 3. The first end of the hoisting rope 3 is secured to the upper part of the basket frame 2, from which it is guided over a traction sheave 6, then under a traction sheave 7 of the hoisting machine 5, and a second time over a traction sheave 6 to the lower part of the basket frame 2, into which the hoisting rope 3 c .........

^ the other pole is attached. The elevator gets its lifting power lifting? 30 from the drive 5 due to the friction 't ° between the drive wheel 6 and the hoisting rope 3. The elevator car suspension shown in Fig. 1 is a simplified suspension structure for an unweighted elevator. Often n hoisting ropes 3 are guided to pass through a plurality of diverting pulleys, so as to obtain the desired suspension ratio. In addition, the lifting machine 35 has, for example, two brakes 10 positioned on opposite sides of the center shaft. The brake 10 is actually a holding brake which holds the elevator car 1 in place when the car is level. Normally the elevator car is braked from movement by a lifting motor as motor braking. The brake 10 is also used for emergency braking, whereby the good friction between the hoisting rope and the drive wheel 6 results in a very high deceleration of the brake. Excessive deceleration is a problem, as mentioned above, in which, according to the present invention, the deceleration is controlled and, if it threatens to become too high, the braking force of the brake 10 is reduced by lightening the brake shoe compression.

Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of a lifting machine 5 of a lift and a brake system of a brake 10 using one embodiment of the solution according to the invention. The lifting mechanism 5 comprises at least a fixed stator and a stator body 43 and a rotating rotor 11 with which a rotating brake wheel 12 rotates. The rotor 11 is mounted on a hollow hub 14 to a stator body 43. In addition, a rotor 11 is mounted on the rotor 11 -shaft. The brake shoe 13 of the brake 10 is arranged to compress by means of spring force 20 the brake surface of the brake wheel 12 to provide the required braking force. The brake is opened and held open against spring force, for example by means of electromagnets. Only one brake 10 is shown in the figure; In this case, the brake 25 10 is located at the top and bottom of the hoisting machine, as shown in the solution of Figure 1 on the sides of the hoisting machine.

According to the invention, a tensile

CVJ

between the wheel 6 and the stator body 43, the lever mechanism 16? 30, a metal ring 15 having a large mass, acting as an inertia member and responsive to a deceleration of the speed of rotation of the traction sheave 6, having a diameter larger than the diameter of the traction sheave 6. The lever mechanisms 16 have more than one in the inner circumference of the ring 15 and the lever mechanism 16 is constructed such that when the speed of rotation of the drive wheel 6 is slowed, the high mass ring 00 00 tends to continue to rotate inward, i.e. in the direction of the stator body 43 5. The structure of the lever mechanism 16 is illustrated in more detail in Figure 3.

The inner surface of the ring 15, i.e. the face 5 of the stator body 43, is supported by a transmission member 17 rotatably arranged with the rotor 11 having an axial and elongate thrust arm 18 centrally located with the axis of rotation of rotor with its free end disposed in the hollow space inside When the rotational speed of rotor 11 is suddenly decelerated above a predetermined value as a result of emergency braking and the ring 15 moves axially inward, i.e. the stator body 14, the transmission link 17 is moved inward by the ring 15 and the ram 18 moves axially away A compression spring arranged between the hub 17 of the rotor 11 and the hub 14 of the rotor 11 is provided with a resistive compression force predetermined at a desired level to correspond to an acceptable deceleration. At lower deceleration values, the actuator 17 does not affect the operation of the brake 20 10. Thus, the function of the compression spring 33 is to carry the forces exerted during normal operation of the elevator, so that the operation of the brake 10 need not be affected.

Inside the rotor hub 14, the rotary axis of rotation has a thrust bearing 21, on whose rotating side the free end of the thrust arm 18 is compressed as the drive member 17 moves inward. Correspondingly, centrally to the rotor hub 14, a fluid space 22 is provided with an axially movable piston 23. The fluid space 22 is supported in place by the stator body 43 and is connected by a pressure conduit 24 to the opening chamber of the engine brake 10.

As the pressure arm 18 presses the pressure bearing 21 axially and the non-rotating surface of the pressure bearing 21 pushes the piston 23 in the fluid chamber 22 axially into the end of the fluid chamber 22.

C/O

o towards the head, which increases the pressure in the liquid space. The pressure exerted by the piston 23 on the 35 will relieve the pressure on the brake shoes 13 by pushing the brake shoes 13 off the brake wheel 12 the more the higher the pressure in the channel 24 is created. The equipment is dimensioned so that the pressure cannot rise too high.

6

Fig. 3 is a bottom view of a lever mechanism 16 used in the solution of the invention. The lever mechanism 16 consists of a plate 25 secured at one end 5 to the body of the rotor 11 by a single pivot pin 26 and a second end into the inner circumference of the ring 15 by two pivot pins 27 fitted to the curved grooves 28 in the plate. When the deceleration is so great that it exceeds the spring force of the spring 33, the ring 10 continues to rotate the plate 25 around the pivot pin 26 on the rotor body, whereby the pivot pins 27 in the grooves 28 move the ring 15 axially toward the stator body 43. Fig. 3 is a dashed line illustrating a situation in which the lever mechanism 16 is inwardly pivoted.

15

Fig. 4 is a side elevational view of the elevator brake system using another embodiment of the solution of the invention. The brake system is similar to the system of Figure 2, but the opening of the brake 10 at high decelerations is implemented differently. On the side of the brake wheel 12 is attached a pipe 29, which is a coil of steel or copper, which is wound on a coil. The tube contains a fluid, such as a hydraulic oil, glycol, glycol-water mixture or other suitable fluid. The fluid in the tube reacts to a reduction in the speed of rotation of the traction sheave 6 by attempting to continue its movement, thereby causing pressure to rise at the end of the tube. In the situation of the pattern, the spool has 24 turns of tubes. The diameter of the coil co2 is dimensioned to be substantially larger than the diameter of the drive wheel 6. The tube 29 is filled with a suitable fluid such as water or glycerin, and the ends 30, 31 of the tube 29 are inserted into a working cylinder having a valve arrangement 32 and a connected working space connected to the hollow hub 14 of the rotor 11. 19, and a piston 20 having a similar and similarly functioning piston rod 18 connected to the piston as in the solution of Fig. 2, in addition to the piston rod 18 at the end of the stator body 43 of the rotor hub 14 there are similar and similarly acting elements 7 to relieve the braking force as in the solution of FIG. 7 2, i.e., a thrust bearing 21 which depresses a piston 23 in a pressure chamber 22 and a pressure conduit 24 connected to the opening chamber of the brake 10.

5 When braking, the tube coil fluid has inertial energy which causes the fluid inside the coil to continue its movement in the direction of rotation. This causes the pressure to rise at the end 30 or 31 of the pipe 29 in which direction the fluid flows. Thus, the solution works by slowing down the elevator car 1 either downwards or upwards 10. When the deceleration exceeds a predetermined value, the pressure at the end 30 or 31 of the tube 29, and further in the working space 19, is so large that the piston 20 extends axially inwardly toward the stator body 43 and pushes the ram 18 axially against the pressure bearing 21. Similarly, as in the solution of FIG. 2, 15, when the thrust bearing 21 is pressed by the thrust bearing 18, the non-rotating surface of the thrust bearing 21 pushes the piston 23 in the fluid chamber 22 the greater the pressure exerted on the duct 24 by the brake wheel 12.

Figure 5 is a diagrammatic view of the various components of the elevator brake system and their connections to each other. The left side of figure 25 here shows the solution of figure 4, but the right side of the figure collectively shows the solution of figure 2 and figure 4, co δ

(M

5 on the left side of Fig. 5 is a puts' 30 coil 29 depicted with a large ring, the ends 30 and 31 of which are connected via a valve assembly 32 and a channel 37 to a working cylinder work space 19. The bricks 32 have two symmetrical portions operation of drive wheel 6 in each direction of rotation en g. The valve arrangement 32 is provided with a spring-loaded valve 44 at each of the ends 30, 31 of the pipe 29, where the spring force is defined as desired and corresponds to the spring force shown by the solution of Figure 2. In this case, it is only when the deceleration exceeds a predetermined limit that the valve 44 allows the fluid in the pipe 29 to flow through it. A non-return valve 47 is connected between the valves 44 to allow fluid flow from each end of the tube to the working cylinder space 19. Further, the arrangement includes shut-off valves 46 and 47 and an expansion vessel 45 and channels connecting said members.

The direction of rotation of the drive wheel 6 is thought to be such that, when retarded, the liquid in the tube 29 moves toward the first end 30 of the tube en-10, thereby closing the upper shutoff valves 46 and 48 and the only flow path of the fluid flow. If the deceleration is below a predetermined value, the fluid will not pass through valve 44 and the brake 10 will not be relieved. Conversely, if the deceleration 15 exceeds a predetermined value, valve 44 opens and fluid flows to a non-return valve 47 which closes the fluid path to one end 31 of the tube and directs the fluid to pass through channel 37 to the working cylinder work space 19. towards the thrust bearing 21 and the thrust bearing compressing the piston 23, the pressure exerted on the thrust chamber 22 being led along the conduit 24 to lighten the brake 10 as described above. For this purpose, the valve 25 in the arrangement 32 is an expansion vessel 45 from which the replacement fluid flows through the shut-off valves 48 and 46 in the figure to one end of the tube 31. As the drive wheel rotates in one direction coq, at the beginning, the fluid flow in the conduit 29 and the valve in the arrangement passes in the opposite direction to the preceding one. 30, schematically, at the top right of Figure 5, are the principal parts of brake 10 relating to the hydraulic opening and lightening of the brake shoes. The pressure duct 24 leading to the opening chamber 49 "is connected via a bypass valve 35

O

The fluid pressure applied to the brake opening chamber 49 via the channel 24 moves the handle 39 attached to the brake shoe 13 away from the larger brake surface of the brake wheel 12 by means of a piston 38 or the like actuator. the pressure in the opening chamber 49 is generated.

5

Figure 6 illustrates, respectively, in simplified form, the elevator brake apparatus to which the brake lightening function of the invention is connected. Figure 6 shows partially the same actuators as more real than Figure 5, where they are shown more schematically. Opening magnets for normal brake use are not shown for clarity. In the brake 10, a fixed body part 40, on which the compression springs 41 rest, presses the brake shoe 13 onto the brake surface of the brake wheel 12. The brake shoe 13 is provided with a lifting arm 39 which is adapted to pass through a hole in the body member 40 outside the body member. The other end of the lifting arm 39 is secured to a piston-shaped cover 38 having an annular brake opening chamber 37 limited to a similarly shaped space of the body 40, sealing ring 42 sealing the opening chamber 37 so that pressure from the chamber 20 does not escape from the chamber edges. The pressure channel 24 is connected from the pressure chamber 22 in connection with the rotor hub 14 to the brake opening chamber 37, whereby the pressure 38 in the chamber 37 rises upwardly in the solution shown and pulls the brake shoe 13 off the brake surface 12 by the lever 39.

It will be clear to one skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the example exemplified above, but may vary within the scope of the following claims. Thus, for example, the measurement of deceleration and the reduction of the braking force in the event of an emergency brake can also be implemented with different device designs than those described above. Instead of using the hydraulic brakes to lighten the force,

CD

§ electromagnetically or mechanically. Respectively

CD

The inertia-based deceleration response can also be replaced by accelerometers or similar structures.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, when applying the invention to a lift having a gear hoisting machine, it may be advantageous to engage an inertial member to rotate a part of the machine rotating at a speed greater than the speed of the drive wheel.

co δ c \ j i 1 ^ o o

X

cc

CL

C/O

C/O

o o

CD

O

O

CVJ

Claims (5)

Apparatus for adjusting the braking force of an elevator brake in an elevator, the elevator having at least 5 hoisting machines (5) having a traction sheave (6), a brake (10) acting on the traction sheave of the traction sheave and a lifting rope along the movable elevator car (1), the apparatus comprising at least means (15, 10 29) and means (17-24) for reducing the braking force of the brake (10) responsive to deceleration of the drive wheel (6), wherein the means (15, 29) is adapted to act on the braking force reducing means (17-24) of the brake (10) so that as the elevator car (1) moves in its direction and increases in braking deceleration of the elevator car (1) beyond a predetermined limit, the brake (10) 17-24) reduce the braking force of the brake (10) to maintain the deceleration of the elevator car (1) within the permissible range, characterized in that the deceleration-responsive means comprise, with the drive wheel (6), an inertial member (15, 29) adapted to rotate, and a pressing shaft (18) coaxial with the axis of rotation of the drive wheel (6); ) on the axis of rotation due to the inertia of the rotary movement of the inertial member (15, 29), and having means for converting the axial movement of the presser arm (18) into mechanical force and applying mechanical force through fluid pressure to the brake (10); Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that h-? 30, wherein the inertia member (15, 29) is disposed on a circumference greater than the diameter of the traction sheave or the force exerted by the inertial member (15, 29) is adapted to be generated at a circumference greater than the traction sheave diameter. co o o o 35 Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at the free end of the thrust arm (18) is a thrust bearing (21), which thrust bearing is arranged to be pressed against the free end of the thrust arm (18) and 22) a movable piston (23), and that the fluid chamber (22) is connected by a pressure channel (24) to an opening chamber (37) which reduces the brake force. Apparatus according to Claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that the inertial element is a high-mass metal ring (15) coupled to rotate with a rotor (11) in the hoisting machine (5), and the metal ring (15) a coupled lever mechanism (16) and a transmission member (17) such that when the speed of rotation of the drive wheel (6) slows down and the metal ring (15) tends to continue its rotational movement, the lever mechanism (16) is adapted to move the metal ring (15) in the axial direction respectively adapted to move the gear member (17) in the same axial direction, and that the gear member (17) is further adapted to move the ram (18) in the same axial direction towards the thrust bearing (21). Apparatus according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the inertial element is a fluid-containing tube (29) wound onto a coil and rotated with a rotor (11) in the lifting mechanism (5), and that each end (30 and 31) of the tube (29) is connected to a working cylinder having a valve assembly (32) and a working space (19) connected thereto with a hollow hub (14) of the rotor (11) and a piston (20) (20) is adapted to move the thrust arm (18) axially toward the thrust bearing (21) as the rotation speed of the drive wheel (6) slows down and the fluid in the tube (29) tends to continue its rotational movement. ° 30 o X X Q. CO CO o o CD O O C \ J