FI123805B - Interface input circuit for power system equipment - Google Patents

Interface input circuit for power system equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
FI123805B
FI123805B FI20116127A FI20116127A FI123805B FI 123805 B FI123805 B FI 123805B FI 20116127 A FI20116127 A FI 20116127A FI 20116127 A FI20116127 A FI 20116127A FI 123805 B FI123805 B FI 123805B
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Finland
Prior art keywords
input
output
galvanic
signal
circuit
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FI20116127A
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Finnish (fi)
Swedish (sv)
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FI20116127A (en
Inventor
Seppo Sauna-Aho
Seppo Pettissalo
Toni Harju
Petri Hakamaeki
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Vamp Oy
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Priority to FI20116127A priority Critical patent/FI123805B/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0061—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning transmission of signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0092—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the data processing means, e.g. expert systems, neural networks

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)

Description

A contact-input circuit for a power system device Field of the invention
The invention relates generally to monitoring, metering, protection, and/or control 5 of electrical power systems. More particularly, the invention relates to a contact-input circuit suitable for converting a signal received from an electrical power system into a form suitable for processing and control circuitries. Furthermore, the invention relates to a power system device comprising one or more control-input circuits.
10 Background
In an electrical power system, energy is generated and transported from generating devices to loads requiring the energy. Electric power systems include a variety of power system equipment such as generators, electrical motors, power transformers, transmission lines, circuit breakers, power line breakers, and capacitors. 15 The electric power systems also include power system devices such as monitoring devices, control devices, metering devices, and protective devices which monitor, control, and protect the power system equipment. A power system device can be, for example, a protection relay arranged to operate a circuit-breaker as a response to e.g. an over-current situation. A power system device comprises one or more 20 control-input circuits which are arranged to convert signals received from power ^ system equipment into a form suitable for processing and control circuitries of the o ^ power system device. The received signal can be, for example, a voltage indicat- v ing a status of a circuit breaker, a status of a power line breaker, or some other in- sfr formation related to the power system equipment. The measured signal can be
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£ 25 formed, for example, with the aid of auxiliary contactors of power system equip- £i ment so that when the auxiliary contactors are closed there is a closed circuit and ^ voltage and current are present at the input side of the respective contact-input oj circuit.
The above-mentioned auxiliary contactors may tend to become oxidized and, fur-30 thermore, there can be capacitive coupled interferences in the wires of the meas- 2 urement circuit between the auxiliary contactors and the contact-input circuit. Therefore, in order to provide reliable operation, the current drawn by the contact-input circuit should be sufficiently high. On the other hand, the current consumption should be so low that the heat generation in the contact-input circuit is suffi-5 ciently low. A power system device, e.g. a protection relay, may comprise many contact-input circuits, and therefore the heat load caused by a single contact-input circuit cannot be too high. In practice, the heat load caused by a single contact-input circuit should not exceed about 500 mW. The above-mentioned mutually contradicting requirements related to the reliability, i.e. sufficient immunity against 10 interferences, and to the heat load constitute a challenge when designing contact-input circuits.
Further challenges related to contact-input circuits are typically a requirement of suitability for different input signal ranges and/or a requirement of an adjustable triggering level. For example, an input voltage range can be 0 - 24 V or 0 - 230 V 15 and the triggering level can be e.g. 80 % of the upper limit of the input voltage range. It is straightforward to understand that it is challenging to build a contact-input circuit that operates satisfactorily concerning both the heat load and the immunity against interferences when the input voltage range is 0- 24 V and also when the input voltage range is 0- 230 V. A typical way to adapt a contact-input 20 circuit to different input voltage ranges and/or different triggering levels is based on jumper connectors whose positions determine the input voltage range and/or the triggering level. However, the adaptation based on the jumper connectors cannot be remote controlled with a processor but the adaptation, i.e. changing the posi-oj tions of the jumper connectors, has to be carried out locally and manually.
4 25 Summary I The following presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic under- standing of some aspects of various invention embodiments. The summary is not <£ an extensive overview of the invention. It is neither intended to identify key or criti- ° cal elements of the invention nor to delineate the scope of the invention. The fol- 30 lowing summary merely presents some concepts of the invention in a simplified 3 form as a prelude to a more detailed description of exemplifying embodiments of the invention.
In accordance with the first aspect of the invention, there is provided a new contact-input circuit for a power system device e.g. a protection relay. The contact-5 input circuit according to the invention comprises an input side, an output side, and first and second galvanic isolators providing galvanic isolation between the input side and the output side. The galvanic isolators can be, for example but not necessarily, optoelectronic isolators. The first galvanic isolator is arranged to transfer a detection signal from the input side to the output side and the second galvanic 10 isolator is arranged to transfer a feedback signal from the output side to the input side. The input side of the contact-input circuit comprises: - a switch element arranged to control the operation of the first galvanic isolator, - a delay circuitry responsive to the input signal of the contact-interface cir- 15 cuit, a rate of change of an output signal of the delay circuitry being propor tional to the level of the input signal and the delay circuitry being arranged to control the switch element to activate the first galvanic isolator to transfer the detection signal when the output signal of the delay circuitry reaches a non-zero threshold value.
20 The output side of the contact-input circuit comprises a feedback signal path from the output of the first galvanic isolator to the input of the second galvanic isolator o so as to transfer the feedback signal to the input side as a response to receiving Ά the detection signal from the input side.
sj- ^ The output of the second galvanic isolator is arranged to initialize the delay circuit-
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£ 25 ry as a response to the feedback signal so as to restart the operation where the ci rate of change of the output signal of the delay circuitry is proportional to the level ^ of the input signal and where the first galvanic isolator is activated to transfer the ° detection signal when the output signal of the delay circuitry reaches the threshold value.
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As can be seen from the above description, the detection signal is transferred to the output side between a first time instant when the output signal of the delay circuitry reaches the non-zero threshold value and a second time instant when the delay circuitry is initialized as a response to the feedback signal. Hence, there is a 5 pulse which starts at the first time instant and ends at the second time instant. The next pulse starts when the output signal of the delay circuitry reaches again the non-zero threshold value. The time instant when the output signal of the delay circuitry reaches again the non-zero threshold value depends on the rate of change of the output signal of the delay circuitry. The rate of change is, in turn, proportion-10 al to the level of the input signal. Therefore, the first galvanic isolator transfers to the output side a train of pulses constituted by temporally successive detection signals and the pulse-frequency of the train of pulses, i.e. the number of pulses per a time unit, is proportional to the level of the input signal. The temporal length of each pulse depends substantially on the delays of the feedback signal path and 15 the second galvanic isolator, and on the time needed for initializing the delay circuitry.
As the above-mentioned pulse-frequency is indicative of the level of the input signal, it is possible to derive information about the level of the input signal, for example, by counting the number of the pulses within a given time window or by forming 20 an estimate for the power or mean value of the pulse train. A processor can be arranged to compare the result with a configurable limit value that represents the triggering level. Hence, the triggering level can be set with the aid of the proces- sor.
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^ As the switch element of the contact-input circuit is not constantly in the conduct- 4- 25 ing state even when the triggering level is exceeded, the time average of the pow- x er consumption can be rather small even though the current drawn by the contact-
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input circuit, when the switch element is conducting, is sufficiently high from the h-· ^ viewpoint of the required level of immunity against capacitive interferences.
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° Furthermore, the contact-input circuit according to the invention cannot be dam- 30 aged as a consequence of an erroneously set triggering level because the contact- 5 input circuit makes the same conversion from the input signal level to the pulse-frequency regardless of the triggering level.
In accordance with the second aspect of the invention, there is provided a new power system device that comprises one or more contact-input interfaces for con-5 necting to equipment of an electrical power system, a processor, and, between the contact-input interfaces and the processor, one or more contact-input circuits according to the present invention. The power system device can be, for example but not necessarily, a protection relay.
A number of non-limiting exemplifying embodiments of the invention are described 10 in accompanied dependent claims.
Various exemplifying embodiments of the invention both as to constructions and to methods of operation, together with additional objects and advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following description of specific exemplifying embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
15 The verb “to comprise” is used in this document as an open limitation that neither excludes nor requires the existence of unrecited features. The features recited in depending claims are mutually freely combinable unless otherwise explicitly stated.
Brief description of the figures __ 20 The exemplifying embodiments of the invention and their advantages are ex- ° plained in greater detail below in the sense of examples and with reference to the ζΐ accompanying drawings, in which: si- figure 1 shows a schematic illustration of a contact-input circuit according to an cc embodiment of the invention,
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cd 25 figure 2 shows a schematic illustration of a contact-input circuit according to an- o other embodiment of the invention, and figure 3 shows a schematic illustration of a power system device according to an embodiment of the invention.
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Description of the exemplifying embodiments
Figure 1 shows a schematic illustration of a contact-input circuit according to an exemplifying embodiment of the invention. The contact-input circuit comprises an input side 101, an output side 102, a first galvanic isolator 103, and a second gal-5 vanic isolator 105. The galvanic isolators 103 and 105 provide galvanic isolation between the input side and the output side. In the exemplifying case illustrated in figure 1, the galvanic isolators are optoelectronic isolators. The galvanic isolator 103 is arranged to transfer a detection signal 150 from the input side to the output side, and the galvanic isolator 105 is arranged to transfer a feedback signal 151 10 from the output side to the input side.
The input side 101 comprises a delay circuitry 106 that is responsive to an input signal of the contact input circuit. The rate of change of an output signal of the delay circuitry is proportional to the level of the input signal. In the exemplifying case illustrated in figure 1, the output signal of the delay circuitry 106 is the output volt-15 age uD of the delay circuitry and the input signal of the contact-input circuit is the input voltage Uin. It should be, however, noted that it is also possible to construct a circuit where one or more signals are represented by one or more currents instead of voltages. In the exemplifying case illustrated in figure 1, the delay circuitry 106 is a resistor-capacitor loop that comprises a resistor 108 and a capacitor 109. The 20 voltage Ud of the capacitance of the resistor-capacitor loop represents the output signal of the delay circuitry. It should be noted that the resistor-capacitor loop is not the only possible choice for the delay circuitry. The delay circuitry could as well 5 be based on an inductor-resistor loop so that the output signal is the voltage over
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the resistor or the current through the inductor-resistor loop. It is also possible to 25 construct a digital implementation where the delay circuitry is implemented with x e.g. a counter.
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The input side 101 of the contact-input circuit comprises a switch element 104 ar-ranged to control the operation of the galvanic isolator 103. The switch element ^ 104 comprises a transistor having an input terminal 110, an output terminal 111, 30 and a control terminal 112. The transistor is connected so that current flowing via the input of the galvanic isolator 103 flows via the input terminal and the output 7 terminal of the transistor. The control terminal 112 of the transistor is connected to the output of the delay circuitry 106. In the exemplifying case illustrated in figure 1, the switch element 104 is an insulated gate n-channel field effect transistor “n-FET”, and the input terminal 110 is the drain of the transistor, the output terminal 5 111 is the source of the transistor, and the control terminal 112 is the gate of the transistor. The gate-source capacitance of the insulated gate field effect transistor may constitute a significant part of the capacitance of the resistor-capacitor loop of the delay circuitry 106, i.e. the transistor may actually form a part of the delay circuitry.
10 The delay circuitry 106 controls the switch element 104 to activate the galvanic isolator 103 to transfer the detection signal 150 when the output signal uD of the delay circuitry reaches a non-zero threshold value Uth- The threshold value Uth is such a value of the voltage uD that the switch element 104 is so conductive that current starts to flow via the input of the galvanic isolator 103. When this takes 15 place, an input voltage of an inverting trigger element 118 is drawn down and, as a consequence, an output voltage u0Ut gets up. The output side 102 of the contact-input circuit comprises a feedback signal path 107 from the output of the galvanic isolator 103 to the input of the galvanic isolator 105 so as to transfer the feedback signal 151 to the input side as a response to receiving the detection signal 150 20 from the input side. In the exemplifying case illustrated in figure 1, the feedback signal path 107 comprises the inverting trigger element 118 and a transistor 117 that is controlled with the output voltage u0Ut· The transistor 117 is arranged to conduct current to the input of the galvanic isolator 105 as a response to a situa-^ tion in which the output voltage u0Ut is up.
4 25 The output of the galvanic isolator 105 is arranged to initialize the delay circuitry x 106 as a response to the feedback signal 151. A first output pole of the galvanic
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isolator 105 is connected to the ground of the input side 101 and a second output £! pole of the galvanic isolator 105 is connected to the output of the delay circuitry <Ω ^ 106. Thus, the output of the delay circuitry 106 is connected to the ground when
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^ 30 the feedback signal 151 is transferred from the output side to the input side. This discharges the capacitance of the delay circuitry 106 and, as a consequence, the switch element 104 gets non-conductive and the galvanic isolator 103 ceases to 8 transfer the detection signal 150 to the output side. As a consequence of this, the input voltage of the inverting trigger element 118 is drawn up and the output voltage Uout gets down. Therefore, the output voltage u0Ut is up between a first time instant when the output voltage ud of the delay circuitry 106 reaches the non-zero 5 threshold value Uth and a second time instant when the delay circuitry 106 is initialized as a response to the feedback signal 151. Hence, the output voltage u0Ut has a pulse starting at the first time instant and ending at the second time instant. The capacitance of the delay circuitry 106 starts to be charged again after the output voltage u0Ut has gone down. The next pulse of the output voltage u0Ut begins when 10 the output signal ud of the delay circuitry reaches again the non-zero threshold value Uth- The time instant when the output voltage uD of the delay circuitry reaches again the non-zero threshold value Uth depends on the rate of change of the output voltage ud of the delay circuitry. The rate of change is, in turn, proportional to the level of the input voltage Uin. Therefore, the galvanic isolator 103 transfers to 15 the output side a train of pulses constituted by temporally successive detection signals and the pulse-frequency of the train of pulses, i.e. the number of pulses per a time unit, is proportional to the level of the input voltage Uin. Thus, the output voltage u0Ut is a train of pulses having the pulse-frequency proportional to the level of the input voltage uin. The temporal length of each pulse depends substantially 20 on the delays of the feedback signal path 107 and the second galvanic isolator 105, and on the time needed for discharging the capacitance of the delay circuitry. The temporal length is advantageously short in order to minimize the power consumption.
c3 In a contact-input circuit according to an exemplifying embodiment of the inven-
Tl 25 tion, the output side 102 comprises a logic circuit 119 for detecting the puiseni frequency from the output voltage u0Ut· The pulse-frequency can be detected, for I example, by counting the number of the pulses within a given time window or by is. forming an estimate for the power or mean value of the output voltage u0Ut-
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In a contact-input circuit according to an exemplifying embodiment of the inven-o ^ 30 tion, the control terminal 112 of the transistor is connected to a ground of the input side with a voltage limiting circuit component 113 and the output terminal 111 of the transistor is connected with a resistor 114 to the ground of the input side 101.
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This arrangement sets an upper limit to the current flowing via the input of the galvanic isolator 103. Furthermore, the resistor 114 protects the galvanic isolator 103 by limiting the rate of change of the current of the galvanic isolator 103. The voltage limiting circuit component 113 can be, for example, a zener-diode as shown in 5 figure 1.
A contact-input circuit according to an exemplifying embodiment of the invention comprises a zener-diode 115 at the input of the galvanic isolator 103. The zener-diode is arranged to prevent current from flowing via the input of the galvanic isolator 103 as long as the voltage over the zener diode and the input of the galvanic 10 isolator 103 is less than a non-zero threshold voltage. The contact-input circuit may further comprise a resistor 116 which protects the galvanic isolator 103 against current peaks which may be caused by certain interferences.
In a contact-input circuit according to an exemplifying embodiment of the invention, the input side 101 comprises a rectifier 120 that makes the contact-input cir-15 cuit insensitive to the polarity of the input voltage Uin.
Figure 2 shows a schematic illustration of a contact-input circuit according to another embodiment of the invention. The contact-input circuit comprises an input side 201, an output side 202, and first and second galvanic isolators 203 and 205 providing galvanic isolation between the input side and the output side. In the ex-20 emplifying case illustrated in figure 2, the galvanic isolators are transformers. The galvanic isolator 203 is arranged to transfer a detection signal from the input side -- to the output side, and the galvanic isolator 205 is arranged to transfer a feedback £3 signal from the output side to the input side. The input side 201 of the contact- v input circuit comprises a switch element 204 arranged to control the operation of 25 the galvanic isolator 203. In the exemplifying case illustrated in figure 1, the switch I element 204 is an npn-bipolar transistor. An input terminal 210 of the transistor is the collector of the transistor, an output terminal 211 of the transistor is the emitter S of the transistor, and a control terminal 212 of the transistor is the base of the tran- ° sistor. The input side 201 comprises a delay circuitry 206 responsive to the input 30 signal, i.e. the input voltage Uin, of the contact-interface circuit. A rate of change of the output voltage up of the delay circuitry is proportional to the level of the input 10 voltage Uin. The delay circuitry is arranged to control the switch element 204 to activate the galvanic isolator 203 to transfer the detection signal when the output voltage Ud of the delay circuitry reaches a non-zero threshold value Uth- The threshold value Uth is such a value of the voltage ud that the switch element 204 is 5 so conductive that the voltage over the secondary winding of the galvanic isolator 203 exceeds the voltage of the negative input pole of a comparator 218. The current of the galvanic isolator 203 is limited with the aid of a resistor 214 and a transistor 213.
The output side 203 of the contact-input circuit comprises a feedback signal path 10 207 from the output of the galvanic isolator 203 to the input of the galvanic isolator 205 so as to transfer the feedback signal to the input side as a response to receiving the detection signal from the input side. The feedback signal path 207 comprises the comparator 218 and a transistor 217. The output of the galvanic isolator 205 is arranged to initialize the delay circuitry 206 as a response to the feedback 15 signal so as to restart the operation where the rate of change of the output voltage uD of the delay circuitry is proportional to the level of the input voltage uin and where the galvanic isolator 203 is activated to transfer the detection signal when the output voltage ud of the delay circuitry reaches the threshold value Uth· The output of the galvanic isolator 205 is arranged to connect the output of the delay 20 circuitry 206 to the ground of the input side 201 with the aid of a field effect transistor 221 so as the initialize the delay circuitry 206.
Figure 3 shows a schematic illustration of a power system device 330 according to 5 an embodiment of the invention. The power system device can be, for example, a
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± protection relay. The power system device comprises contact-input interfaces 331 25 for connecting to equipment of an electrical power system. Figure 3 illustrates how x one of the contact input interfaces is connected to auxiliary contactors 341 of pow- cc er system equipment 340 that can be, for example, a circuit breaker or a power r^.
£! line breaker. The power system device comprises contact-input circuits 333. At
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^ least one of the contact-input circuits 333 is a contact-input circuit according to an o ^ 30 embodiment of the invention e.g. such as illustrated in figure 1 or 2. As illustrated in figure 3, the power system device 330 is arranged to sense whether the auxiliary contactors 341 of the power system equipment 340 are open or closed. When 11 the auxiliary contactors 341 are closed, an auxiliary voltage Vaux is connected to one of the contact-input circuits 333. The power system device comprises a processor 332 which is arranged to process and/or further deliver the information provided by the contact-input circuits 333. The power system device may further 5 comprise transceivers 334 for establishing data transfer connections with external devices. The transceivers may comprise, for example, Ethernet transceivers, Universal Serial Bus “USB” transceivers, and/or transceivers supporting other data transfer protocols.
The specific examples provided in the description given above should not be con-10 strued as limiting the applicability and/or the interpretation of the appended claims.
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Claims (13)

1. Liityntätulopiiri sähkövoimajärjestelmälaitetta varten, joka liityntätulopiiri käsittää tulopuolen (101,201), lähtöpuolen (102, 202) ja ensimmäisen galvaanisen isolaat-torin (103, 203) galvaanisen isolaation aikaansaamiseksi tulopuolen ja lähtöpuolen 5 välille ja ilmaisusignaalin siirtämiseksi tulopuolelta lähtöpuolelle, jolloin tulopuoli käsittää kytkinelementin (104, 204) järjestettynä ohjaamaan ensimmäisen galvaanisen isolaattorin toimintaa, tunnettu siitä, että liityntätulopiiri käsittää toisen galvaanisen isolaattorin (105) lähtöpuolen ja tulopuolen välillä palautesignaalin siirtämiseksi lähtöpuolelta tulopuolelle, ja: 10. tulopuoli käsittää viivepiiristön (106, 206), joka reagoi liityntätulopiirin tu- losignaaliin, jolloin viivepiiristön lähtösignaalin muuttumisnopeus on verrannollinen tulosignaalin tasoon ja viivepiiristö on järjestetty ohjaamaan kyt-kinelementtiä ensimmäisen galvaanisen isolaattorin aktivoimiseksi siirtämään ilmaisusignaali silloin kun viivepiiristön lähtösignaali saavuttaa nollas-15 ta poikkeavan kynnysarvon, - lähtöpuoli käsittää palautesignaalitien (107, 207) ensimmäisen galvaanisen isolaattorin ulostulosta toisen galvaanisen isolaattorin sisääntuloon palautesignaalin siirtämiseksi vasteena ilmaisusignaalin vastaanottamiselle tulopuolelta, ja 20. toisen galvaanisen isolaattorin ulostulo on järjestetty initialisoimaan viivepii- ristö vasteena palautesignaalille toiminnan jälleenkäynnistämiseksi, jossa o toiminnassa viivepiiristön lähtösignaalin muuttumisnopeus on verrannollinen ό tulosignaalin tasoon ja jossa ensimmäinen galvaaninen isolaattori aktivoituu co ilmaisusignaalin siirtämiseksi silloin kun viivepiiristön lähtösignaali saavut- x 25 taa kynnysarvon. □_ £j1. Liityntätulopiiri for an electric power system, a device which liityntätulopiiri comprises an inlet side (101.201), the output side (102, 202) and a first galvanic isolates in-rotor (103, 203) for a galvanic provide isolation for transferring the five input side and the output side and the detection signal from the input side to the output side, the input side comprises a coupling element ( 104, 204) arranged to drive the first galvanic isolator activity, characterized in that the liityntätulopiiri comprises a second galvanic isolator (105) between the output side and the input side for transmitting the feedback signal output side to the input side, and 10. the inlet side comprises viivepiiristön (106, 206) responsive to liityntätulopiirin base the output signal of the delay circuit is proportional to the level of the input signal and the delay circuit is arranged to control the switching element for activating the first galvanic isolator n detection signal when the delay circuit output signal reaches a non-zero threshold value, - the output side comprises a feedback signal path (107, 207) from the output of the first galvanic insulator to the input of the second galvanic insulator for transmitting the feedback signal to the in response to the feedback signal for restarting operation, where o the rate of change of the delay circuit output signal is proportional to ό the input signal level, and wherein the first galvanic isolator is activated to transmit the detection signal vi when the delay circuit output signal reaches x 25. □ _ £ j 2. Patenttivaatimuksen 1 mukainen liityntätulopiiri, jossa ensimmäinen ja toinen ^ galvaaninen isolaattori ovat optoelektronisia isolaattoreita. δ C\JThe input input circuit of claim 1, wherein the first and second galvanic insulators are optoelectronic insulators. δ C \ J 3. Patenttivaatimuksen 1 tai 2 mukainen liityntätulopiiri, jossa viivepiiristö (106) käsittää resistori-kondensaattorisilmukan (108, 109) siten, että resistori- 30 kondensaattorisilmukan kapasitanssin jännite vastaa viivepiiristön lähtösignaalia. 16The access input circuit of claim 1 or 2, wherein the delay circuit (106) comprises a resistor capacitor loop (108, 109) such that the capacitance voltage of the resistor capacitor loop corresponds to the output signal of the delay circuit. 16 4. Patenttivaatimuksen 3 mukainen liityntätulopiiri, jossa kytkinelementti (104) käsittää transistorin, jossa on tulopääte (110), lähtöpääte (111) ja viivepiiristön läh-tösignaaliin liitetty ohjauspääte (112), jolloin transistorin tulopääte ja lähtöpääte kuuluvat ensimmäisen galvaanisen isolaattorin (103) sisääntulon kautta virtaavan 5 virran kulkutiehen.The access input circuit of claim 3, wherein the switching element (104) comprises a transistor having an input terminal (110), an output terminal (111), and a control terminal (112) connected to a delay circuit output signal, wherein the transistor input terminal and output terminal through a 5-stream passage. 5. Patenttivaatimuksen 4 mukainen liityntätulopiiri, jossa transistori on eristetty hi-latransistori ja transistorin hilakapasitanssi muodostaa ainakin osan resistori-kondensaattorisilmukan kapasitanssista.The access input circuit of claim 4, wherein the transistor is an isolated gate transistor and the gate capacitance of the transistor forms at least a portion of the capacitance of the resistor capacitor loop. 6. Patenttivaatimuksen 4 tai 5 mukainen liityntätulopiiri, jossa transistorin ohjaus-10 pääte (112) on kytketty tulopuolen maahan jännitteen rajoittavalla pirikomponentil- la (113) ja transistorin virran lähtöpääte (111) on kytketty resistorilla (114) tulopuolen maahan transistorin virran tulo- ja virran lähtöpäätteen kautta virtaavan virran rajoittamiseksi.6. liityntätulopiiri according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the transistor control 10 of the terminal (112) is connected to the input side of the ground voltage limiting pirikomponentil- Ia (113) and a transistor current output terminal (111) is connected to a resistor (114) input to ground of the transistor power input and to limit the current flowing through the output terminal. 7. Jonkin patenttivaatimuksen 1-6 mukainen liityntätulopiiri, jossa liityntätulopiiri 15 käsittää zenerdiodin (115) ensimmäisen galvaanisen isolaattorin (103) sisääntulossa, jolloin zenerdiodi on järjestetty estämään virran virtaaminen ensimmäisen galvaanisen isolaattorin sisääntulon kautta niin kauan kun zenerdiodin ja ensimmäisen galvaanisen isolaattorin sisääntulon kautta kulkeva jännite on pienempi kuin nollasta poikkeava kynnysjännite.The input input circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the input input circuit 15 comprises a zener diode (115) at the input of the first galvanic insulator (103), wherein the zener diode is arranged to prevent current through the first galvanic insulator is less than the non-zero threshold voltage. 8. Jonkin patenttivaatimuksen 1-7 mukainen liityntätulopiiri, jossa palautesignaali- tie käsittää transistorin (117), jota ohjataan ilmaisusignaalista riippuvalla signaalilla o ja joka on järjestetty johtamaan virtaa toisen galvaanisen isolaattorin sisääntuloon ό vasteena ilmaisusignaalille. i COThe access input circuit of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the feedback signal path comprises a transistor (117) controlled by a signal dependent signal o and arranged to conduct current to the input of the second galvanic insulator in response to the detection signal. i CO ° 9. Jonkin patenttivaatimuksen 1-8 mukainen liityntätulopiiri, jossa toinen galvaani- X £ 25 nen isolaattori (105) on optoelektroninen isolaattori ja toisen galvaanisen isolaatto- c\] rin ensimmäinen lähtönäpä on kytketty tulopuolen maahan ja toisen galvaanisen $5 isolaattorin toinen lähtönäpä on kytketty viivepiiristön (106) ulostuloon viivepiiristön ° ulostulon kytkemiseksi maahan vasteena palautesignaalille.9. ° liityntätulopiiri according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the second galvanic X £ 25 of the insulator (105) is an optoelectronic isolator and a second galvanic isolaatto- c \] ester lähtönäpä first input is coupled to ground and a second galvanic $ 5 lähtönäpä second isolator coupled to an output of the delay circuit (106) for connecting the output of the delay circuit ° to the ground in response to the feedback signal. 10. Jonkin patenttivaatimuksen 1-9 mukainen liityntätulopiiri, jossa lähtöpuoli käsit-30 tää logiikkapiirin (119) ajallisesti peräkkäisten ilmaisusignaalien muodostaman 17 pulssijonon pulssitaajuuden ilmaisemiseksi, jolloin pulssitaajuus osoittaa tulosig-naalin tason.The access input circuit of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the output side comprises a logic circuit (119) for detecting the pulse frequency of a pulse train of 17 pulses of time sequential detection signals, wherein the pulse rate indicates the level of the input signal. 11. Jonkin patenttivaatimuksen 1-10 mukainen liityntätulopiiri, jossa tulopuoli käsittää tasasuuntaimen (120), joka tekee liityntätulopiirin epäherkäksi tulosignaalin 5 napaisuudelle.The access input circuit of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the input side comprises a rectifier (120) which makes the access input circuit insensitive to the polarity of the input signal. 12. Sähkövoimajärjestelmälaite (330), joka käsittää yhden tai useampia liityntätulo-liittimiä (331) sähkövoimajärjestelmän laitteisiin kytkemistä varten, prosessorin (332) ja liityntätuloliittimien ja prosessorin välillä yhden tai useampia jonkin patenttivaatimuksen 1-11 mukaisia liityntätulopiirejä (333).An electrical power system device (330) comprising one or more access input connectors (331) for connecting an electrical power system device to one or more access input circuits (333) according to any one of claims 1 to 11 between a processor (332) and access input terminals and a processor. 13. Patenttivaatimuksen 12 mukainen sähkövoimajärjestelmälaite, jossa sähkö voimajärjestelmälaite on suojarele. CO δ (M ö co o X DC CL r-- CNJ δ δ (MThe electric power system device according to claim 12, wherein the electric power system device is a protective relay. CO δ {M ö co o X DC CL r-- CNJ δ δ {M
FI20116127A 2011-11-14 2011-11-14 Interface input circuit for power system equipment FI123805B (en)

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