FI123628B - Paper for making paper - Google Patents

Paper for making paper Download PDF

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Publication number
FI123628B
FI123628B FI20125314A FI20125314A FI123628B FI 123628 B FI123628 B FI 123628B FI 20125314 A FI20125314 A FI 20125314A FI 20125314 A FI20125314 A FI 20125314A FI 123628 B FI123628 B FI 123628B
Authority
FI
Finland
Prior art keywords
load
making material
bearing structure
paper
paper making
Prior art date
Application number
FI20125314A
Other languages
Finnish (fi)
Swedish (sv)
Other versions
FI20125314A (en
Inventor
Marc Erkelenz
Original Assignee
Voith Patent Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voith Patent Gmbh filed Critical Voith Patent Gmbh
Priority to FI20125314A priority Critical patent/FI123628B/en
Priority to PCT/EP2013/055897 priority patent/WO2013139890A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FI20125314A publication Critical patent/FI20125314A/en
Publication of FI123628B publication Critical patent/FI123628B/en

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/0027—Screen-cloths
    • D21F1/0036—Multi-layer screen-cloths
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F7/00—Other details of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F7/08—Felts
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/10—Wire-cloths
    • D21F1/105—Multi-layer wire-cloths
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F7/00—Other details of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F7/08—Felts
    • D21F7/083—Multi-layer felts

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  • Paper (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a papermaking fabric (1) comprising a base structure (2) having first machine direction yarns (21) and designed to act as a first load- carrying structure (3) bearing the substantial part of the tensile load directed to the papermaking fabric (1); and a second load-carrying structure (4). The second load- carrying structure (4) is arranged to bear the substantial part of the tensile load directed to the papermaking fabric (1) when the first load-carrying structure (3) elongates over a predetermined level or breaks. The tensile strength of the second load-carrying structure (4) is higher than that of the first load-carrying structure (3).

Description

PAPERMAKING FABRIC
This invention relates to a papermaking fabric according to the preamble of claim 1, Ά V‘
Different papermaking fabrics, press felts, press belts, tension belts and transfer belts are used in a press section of a typical papermaking machine. These kinds of fabrics are subjected to high temperatures, pressures and pressure pulses, tensile loads and sudden impacts, not to mention different corrosive 10 chemicals that cause wear in the fabric during its operational lifespan.
According to statistics, one press fabric will break daily, worldwide. Worn-down or otherwise damaged fabrics subjected to sudden impacts, or just simply exceeding a certain level of elongation are prone to break, either partially or ΐδ completely, causing damage to machine equipment, not to mention potentially hazardous situations to personnel.
Unplanned machine down-time caused by press fabric breaks, and repairing or replacing damaged equipment is costly, and maintaining an acceptable level of 20 personnel safety within the press section can be difficult since these kinds of unexpected and sudden fabric breaks are not easily monitored or predicted.
From prior art, it is known to use different reinforcement elements to enhance the durability of different papermachine fabrics. Mostly, these reinforcement
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δ 25 elements are made of high-strength materials such as aramid or polyether ether
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g ketone (PEEK), and organised into the fabric as a separate or extra layer either to protect the inner layers of the fabric from disintegration by heat and x chemicals, or as yarns or fibres incorporated into an existing fabric layer or Q_ structure to give the structure more strength.
δ 30
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g US patent 6447648 B1 discloses a papermachine fabric, a press blanket with a C\j woven base structure which is coated or impregnated with a polyurethane (PU) 2 resin that includes short fibres aligned in the cross-machine direcion. The fibres provide structural reinforcement in the PU to prevent it from collapsing from the pressure applied to the fabric in an extended nip press. The fibres can be for example carbon fibre, aramid (Kevlar) or ultra-high molecular weight δ polyethylene.
US patent 4229254 A discloses a press belt for a shoe press with a reinforcement structure having two plies of yarns extending in cross bias layers. The yarns of the reinforcing layers have sufficient strength and elastic modulus 10 to resist tensions in the belt, and can be made of for example aramid.
US patent 5200260 A discloses a press felt for impulse drying with a woven base structure made of nylon monofilaments constituting top and bottom layers and a batt layer covering the top and bottom layers. The batt layer is made of ΐδ PEEK or Kevlar, and its main function is to protect the base structure from heat to which the felt is subjected during pressing and impulse drying.
US patent 4259394 A discloses a papermaking fabric with a base and a batt needled to one surface of the base. The base is formed with interwoven heat-20 infusible and heat-fusible core wrapped machine direction and cross-machine direction yarns. The infusible yarns can be aramid, fiberglass, metal etc. to provide dimensional stability to the fabric. The load-bearing reinforcement yarns have high strength and low shrinkage.
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o 25 The main drawback of the solutions presented in the above-mentioned prior art g is that manufacturing such fabrics is costly and complex. For example, adding T^j separate reinforcement elements or fibres into the surface layer of a press felt x does not necessarily improve the strength of the fabric as a whole. The kind of ^ reinforcement structures disclosed in the prior art cannot be relied upon to carry g 30 the sudden impacts or sudden tensile loads to which the fabric is subjected to in ^ break situations, o
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3
The purpose of the presented invention according to independent claim 1 is to provide a simple and trustworthy reinforced papermaking fabric. In particular, the purpose of the invention according to its preferred embodiment is to provide a papermaking fabric with a first load-carrying structure that bears the tensile δ load directed to the papermaking fabric in normal operation conditions, and in addition to that, a second load-carrying structure which is arranged to bear the substantial part of the tensile load directed to the papermaking fabric when the first load-carrying structure elongates over a predetermined level or altogether breaks. The tensile strength of the second load-carrying structure is higher than 10 that of the first load-carrying structure.
This way, the papermaking fabric will function normally as long as the operational conditions, i.e. the tensile load impacted on the fabric remains at a level acceptable and normal to a press section of a papermachine. Only after is the other parts of the fabric start to elongate too much or altogether break, does the second load-carrying structure start to carry the tensile load. Therefore only relatively small amounts of expensive reinforcement materials need to be used to reach an acceptable level of load-bearing capacity in the fabric as a whole.
20 According to a further embodiment of the invention, the second load-carrying structure is incorporated into the base structure and/or into any other layer of the papermaking fabric and the second load-carrying structure comprises second machine direction yarns. The advantage of these kind of embodiments is that the reinforcement material of the second load-carrying structure can be
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o 25 for example woven into a textile base structure at the same time as it is οό manufactured, enabling cost savings.
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c\j x According to a further embodiment of the invention, the second machine
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direction yarns are arranged with an even or an uneven spacing into the cö ίο papermaking fabric, and the second machine direction yarns can substitute at £· least some of the first machine direction yarns of the base structure. For ^ example, every 7th to 15th first machine direction yarn can be substituted with a 4 second machine direction yarn acting as reinforcement, or preferably, every 10th yarn. This way, depending on the use or application of the fabric, only a minimal amount of expensive reinforcement material needs to be used, further reducing the manufacturing costs of the fabric while ensuring its functionality.
Ά V‘
According to yet another embodiment of the invention, the second load-carrying structure can be incorporated into a non-woven layer or batt layer of the papermaking fabric, so the batt layer can protect the second load-carrying structure from the worst wear caused by heat, chemicals or pressure during the 10 papermaking process.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, the second load-carrying structure can also be arranged into the papermaking fabric as an additional layer comprising second machine direction yarns arranged on top of a base ΐδ structure, making the manufacturing of the papermaking fabric yet simpler.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, the second machine direction yarns of the second load-carrying structure or layer can be arranged in a meandering or zigzag pattern. This way the second load-carrying structure is 20 so constructed as to allow for the normal elongation during operational life of a papermaking fabric without starting to carry the tensile load unnecessarily before a break situation is actually at hand. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the second load-carrying structure is arranged so that its overall length is greater than the standard elongation of the specific fabric in which the o second load-carrying structure is arranged.
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o T— According to yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, the second x load-carrying structure has a longitudinal tensile strength of over 100 kN/m, more preferably over 150 kN/m, and most preferably over 200 kN/m, in order for oö ίο the second load-carrying structure to withstand the sudden tensile loads or
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^ impulses directed to the papermaking fabric during a break situation.
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5
Accoding to a further embodiment of the invention, the second load-carrying structure is made of aramid (for example Kevlar), ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (commercial name Spectra), melt spun liquid chrystal polymer (commercial name Vectran), fibres containing carbon nanotubes, PEEK or 5 similar high-strength material suitable for use in the corrosive environment of a paper machine.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the papermaking fabric is a press felt or a press belt or a similar water-removing fabric to be used in the 10 press section of a paper machine. In everyday press section operations, a press fabric would be changed when it fails to deliver the expected dewatering performance and keep up the efficiency of the papermachine.
Due to a press fabric bursting during the running of a papermachine, severe ΐδ damages can be caused. When a burst or otherwised damaged fabric can be kept “on the roll”, on its proper placement within the press section, there will be enough time to shut down the papermachine without damages caused by an uncontrollobly bursting felt. By incorporating a second load-carrying or reinforcing element into a press fabric, the fabric would withstand the tensile 20 load caused by the burst without breaking altogether and resulting in a situation where the fabric or pieces of the fabric would get loose of its proper placement in the press section in an out-of-control manner. The fabric would stay on the papermachine, and therefore costly and potentially dangerous fabric breaks can be avoided, thus increasing the operational time of the press section and
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o reducing the costs caused by maintenance and replacement work.
00 0 A detailed description of the invention is given in the following, with reference to 1 figures 1-5.
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cö 30 Figure 1 presents a machine direction cross-cut of a papermaking fabric ^ according to the invention
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6
Figure 2 presents another embodiment of the papermaking fabric according to the invention, in a machine direction cross-cut
Figure 3 presents a third embodiment of the papermaking fabric δ according to the invention, in a machine direction cross-cut
Figures 4a, b present a detail of the second load carrying structure arranged into the base structure of the papermaking fabric according to the invention : v
Figures 5a, b present another detail of the second load-carrying structure arranged in or on top of the base structure in a special pattern
The following reference numbers are used in connection with the figures: ‘i 1 papermaking fabric 2 base structure 21 first machine direction yarns 22 cross-machine direction yarns 20 3 first load-carrying structure 4 second load-carrying structure 41,42 second machine direction yarns 5 second load-carrying structure layer as an additional layer 6 non-woven layer(s)
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o 25 7 surface layer(s)
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0
Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the papermaking fabric (1) according to the 1 invention. The fabric comprises a base structure (2) having first machine
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direction yarns (21). The base structure (2) may also include cross-machine cö 30 direction yarns (22), that together with the first machine direction yarns (21) form a woven textile, for example in a linen/plain weave, or any other suitable C\] weave pattern. In this case, the base structure (2) acts as a first load-carrying 7 structure (3). Into the first load-carrying structure (3), a second load-carrying structure (4) is arranged in order to have a papermaking fabric (1) capable of withstanding higher tensile loads or sudden impacts than what the papermaking fabric (1) would withstand in normal operational conditions, thus enabling the 5 fabric (1) to stay on its proper place in the press section in the case of a burst situation, instead of behaving in an out-of-control and dangerous manner, as a standard press fabric without any reinforcing elements would.
The papermaking fabric (1) can further include any number of other functional io or structural layers, such as non-woven layers (6) or surface layers (7). The non-woven layer (6) can be for example a batt, foam or coating layer. The surface layer (7) can be for example coating or a combination of coating and non-woven layer.
ΐδ In the embodiment presented in figure 1, the second load-carrying structure (4) is in fact incorporated into the base structure (2) in such a manner as to replace or substitute a number of first machine direction yarns (21). As can be seen from figures 4a and 4b, the first machine direction yarns (21) can be substituted by second machine direction yarns (41) making up the second load-carrying 20 structure (4) in any suitable manner, for example by replacing every 7th first machine direction yarn of the base structure weave pattern, or replacing a pair of adjacent first machine direction yarns (21) with a pair of second machine direction yarns (42). In certain cases, it can be preferable to substitute also some of the cross-directional yarns (22) of the base structure (2) with similar
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δ 25 second cross-directional yarns.
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o ^ In further preferred embodiments, the second load-carrying structure (4) can be x incorporated into the papermaking fabric (1) as a separate, additional layer (5),
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as shown in figures 2 and 3. This additional layer (5) can for example be δ 30 arranged on top of the first load-carrying structure (3) or the base structure (2), as shown in figure 2, or it can be arranged between two non-woven layers (6), C\] as shown in figure 3. Also other positions within the papermaking fabric layer 8 structure are naturally possible. The second load-carrying layer (4) or additional layer (5) can be added on the base structure (2) for example after heat-setting the base structure, before a possible non-woven layer (6) is needled in place.
5 Figures 5a and 5b show how the second machine direction yarns (41,42) of the second load-carrying structure (4) can be arranged to account for the normal wear elongation of a papermaking fabric (1). The second machine direction yarns (41, 42) can be arranged to meander in z-direction of the papermaking fabric (1) so that the overall length of the second machine direcion yarns (41, io 42) becomes somewhat greater that that of the rest of the papermaking fabric (1). This kind of pattern is especially advantageous when the second loadcarrying structure (4) or the second machine direction yarns (41, 42) of the second load-carrying structure (4) are incorporated into the base structure (2) of the papermaking fabric (1).
A
In another preferred embodiment, the second machine direction yarns (41, 42) are arranged into a zig-zag pattern as shown in figure 5b. While the essential direction of the second machine direction yarns is still in machine direction, the yarns are arranged to make small bends, curves or angles on the longitudinal 20 surface of the layer on which they are arranged. Also this way, the length of the second machine direction yarns (41,42) and the second load-carrying structure (4) becomes greated that the length of the overall papermaking fabric (1), thus enabling the fabric (1) to function and respond to normal elongation during use without having the second load-carrying structure (4) engaging in load-carrying
OJ
o before the papermaking fabric (1) is subjected to break-inducing tensile loads or οό impulses. In an advantageous embodiment, the second load-carrying structure 0 T— is arranged so that its overall length is greater than the standard elongation of 1 the specific fabric in which the second load-carrying structure is arranged.
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cö so In order for the second load-carrying structure (4) to function as desired, it ™ should be designed to have a longitudinal tensile strength of over 100 kN/m,
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9 more preferably over 150 kN/m, and most preferably over 200 kN/m, depending on the design and functionality of the press fabric in question.
Suitable materials for the second load-carrying structure (4) are heat-resistant 5 and high-strength synthetic aramid fibres, for example Kevlar or Nomex; ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), for example Spectra; melt spun liquid chrystal polymer known commercially as Vectran; fibres containing carbon nanotubes; or polyether ether ketone (PEEK). Any other, similarly high-strenght and resistant material can also be used to as the material for the io second load-carrying structure (4).
A papermaking fabric (1) as presented above can be used in any suitable position in a paper machine. Preferably the fabric (1) is used as a press felt, press belt, tension belt or a transfer belt in connection with the press section of is a paper machine.
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Claims (13)

1. Material (1) för papperstillverkning, innefattande en grundläggande struktur med en första uppsättning trädar (2) i maskinriktningen (21), och utformat för att fungera som en första lastbärande struktur (3) som tar emot huvuddelen av den dragkraft materialet utsätts för materialet och en andra lastbärande struktur (4), kännetecknat av att den andra lastbärande strukturen (4) har anordnats för att ta mot huvuddelen av den dragkraft materialet (1) utsätts för när den första lastbärande strukturen (3) förlängs ut över en i förväg bestämd niva eller dras sönder, och av att draghallfastheten hos den andra lastbärande strukturen (4) är större än hos den första lastbärande strukturen (3).A paper making material (1), comprising a basic structure having a first set of trees (2) in the machine direction (21), and designed to act as a first load-bearing structure (3) receiving the bulk of the traction material subjected to the material and a second load-bearing structure (4), characterized in that the second load-bearing structure (4) is arranged to receive the main part of the tractive material (1) when the first load-bearing structure (3) is extended over a predetermined determined or broken, and that the tensile strength of the second load-bearing structure (4) is greater than that of the first load-bearing structure (3). 2. Material för papperstillverkning enligt patentkrav 1, kännetecknat av att den andra lastbärande strukturen (4) har inkorporerats i den grundläggande strukturen (2) och/eller i ett eventuellt annat skikt (6, 7) i materialet (1) för papperstillverkning.Paper-making material according to claim 1, characterized in that the second load-bearing structure (4) has been incorporated in the basic structure (2) and / or in any other layer (6, 7) in the paper-making material (1). 3. Material för papperstillverkning enligt patentkrav 1 eller 2, kännetecknat av att den andra lastbärande strukturen (4) innefattar en andra uppsättning trädar (41, 42) i maskinriktningen.Paper making material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second load-bearing structure (4) comprises a second set of trees (41, 42) in the machine direction. 4. Material för papperstillverkning enligt patentkrav 3, kännetecknat av att den andra uppsättningen trädar (41, 42) i maskinriktningen har anordnats med ett likformigt eller olikformigt avständ mellan sig i materialet (1) för papperstillverkning.Paper making material according to claim 3, characterized in that the second set of trees (41, 42) in the machine direction has been arranged with a uniform or uniform distance between them in the paper making material (1). 5. Material för papperstillverkning enligt nägot av de föregäende patentkraven 1 tili 4, kännetecknat av att den andra lastbärande strukturen (4) har inkorporerats i den grundläggande strukturen (2) och av att den andra uppsättningen trädar (41, 42) i maskinriktningen ersätter ätminstone vissa av den första uppsättningens trädar (21) i maskinriktningen i den grundläggande strukturen (2).Paper making material according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the second load-bearing structure (4) has been incorporated into the basic structure (2) and that the second set of trees (41, 42) in the machine direction replaces at least some of the first set of trees (21) in the machine direction in the basic structure (2). 6. Material för papperstillverkning enligt patentkrav 1 eller 2, kännetecknat av att den andra lastbärande strukturen (4) har inkorporerats i ett lager av icke-vävt material (6) i materialet (1) för papperstillverkning.Paper making material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second load-bearing structure (4) has been incorporated in a layer of nonwoven material (6) in the paper making material (1). 7. Material för papperstillverkning enligt patentkrav 1, kännetecknat av att den andra lastbärande strukturen (4) har anordnats i materialet för papperstillverkning (1) som ett extra lager (5).Paper making material according to claim 1, characterized in that the second load-bearing structure (4) is provided in the paper making material (1) as an extra layer (5). 8. Material för papperstillverkning enligt patentkrav 7, kännetecknat av att det extra lagret (5) innefattar en andra uppsättning trädar (41, 42) i maskinriktningen, vilka anordnats ovanpä den grundläggande strukturen (2).Paper-making material according to claim 7, characterized in that the extra layer (5) comprises a second set of trees (41, 42) in the machine direction arranged on top of the basic structure (2). 9. Material för papperstillverkning enligt patentkraven 3 till 5 eller 8, kännetecknat av att den andra uppsättningen trädar (41, 42) i maskinriktningen, i den andra lastbärande strukturen eller lagret (4, 5), har anordnats i ett meanderformigt eller sicksackande monster.Paper-making material according to claims 3 to 5 or 8, characterized in that the second set of trees (41, 42) in the machine direction, in the second load-bearing structure or bearing (4, 5), is arranged in a meandering or zigzagging sample. 10. Material för papperstillverkning enligt nägot av de föregäende patentkraven 1 till 9, kännetecknat av att den andra lastbärande strukturen (4) har anordnats sä, att dess totala längs är större än standardförlängningen av materialet (1) inuti vilket den andra lastbärande strukturen (4) har anbringats.Paper making material according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the second load-bearing structure (4) is arranged so that its total length is greater than the standard extension of the material (1) within which the second load-bearing structure (4) ) has been placed. 11. Material för papperstillverkning enligt nägot av de föregäende patentkraven 1 tili 10, kännetecknat av att den andra lastbärande strukturen (4) har en draghällfasthet i längdriktningen pä över 100 kN/m, mera föredraget pä över 150 kN/m, och mest föredraget pä över 200 kN/m.Paper making material according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the second load-bearing structure (4) has a longitudinal tensile strength of more than 100 kN / m, more preferably of more than 150 kN / m, and most preferably of over 200 kN / m. 12. Material för papperstillverkning enligt nägot av de föregäende patentkraven 1 tili 11, kännetecknat av att den andra lastbärande strukturen (4) har tillverkats av aramid, polyetylen med ultrahög molekylvikt, smältspunnen polymer med flytande kristaller, fibrer som innehäller kolnanorör, PEEK eller liknande material.Paper making material according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the second load-bearing structure (4) is made of aramid, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, liquid crystal melt-spun polymer, carbon nanotube fibers, PEEK or similar material . 13. Material för papperstillverkning enligt nägot av de föregäende patentkraven 1 tili 12, kännetecknat av att materialet för papperstillverkning (1) är en pressfilt eller ett pressband avsett att användas i en pappersmaskins pressparti.Paper making material according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the paper making material (1) is a press felt or a press band intended for use in the pressing portion of a paper machine.
FI20125314A 2012-03-21 2012-03-21 Paper for making paper FI123628B (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20125314A FI123628B (en) 2012-03-21 2012-03-21 Paper for making paper
PCT/EP2013/055897 WO2013139890A1 (en) 2012-03-21 2013-03-21 Papermaking fabric

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20125314A FI123628B (en) 2012-03-21 2012-03-21 Paper for making paper
FI20125314 2012-03-21

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Publication Number Publication Date
FI20125314A FI20125314A (en) 2013-08-30
FI123628B true FI123628B (en) 2013-08-30

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WO (1) WO2013139890A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4093512A (en) * 1975-04-23 1978-06-06 Huyck Corporation Papermakers belts having ultra-high modulus load bearing yarns
US4229254A (en) 1979-04-26 1980-10-21 Beloit Corporation Extended nip press with bias ply reinforced belt
US4259394A (en) 1979-09-26 1981-03-31 Huyck Corporation Papermaking fabrics with enhanced dimensional stability
CA1311400C (en) * 1987-02-13 1992-12-15 Scapa Inc. Low stretch papermakers fabric
US5200260A (en) 1992-02-14 1993-04-06 Wangner Systems Corporation Needled papermaking felt
US6447648B1 (en) 1996-08-13 2002-09-10 Metso Paper, Inc. Anisotropic reinforced ribbon-cast blanket for extended nip press
DE20319588U1 (en) * 2003-12-16 2004-03-11 Heimbach Gmbh & Co. Conveyor belt assembled from plastic strands and used in paper or board manufacture includes conductive particles in outer surfaces
DE102007045895A1 (en) * 2007-09-26 2009-04-09 Voith Patent Gmbh A band calendering apparatus and method of operating a band calendering apparatus
DE102008001150A1 (en) * 2008-04-14 2009-10-15 Voith Patent Gmbh Papermaking machine clothing comprises cloth made up of crossing fibers, at least one of which is sheath-core fiber, sheath being melted at crossing points to fuse fibers together
DE102008040259A1 (en) * 2008-07-08 2010-01-14 Voith Patent Gmbh Clothing for paper-, cardboard- or tissue web producing machine, comprises a basic structure load-bearing in longitudinal direction of the cover, and a rope-like structure formed by yarns and provided in the area of the basic structure

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FI20125314A (en) 2013-08-30
WO2013139890A1 (en) 2013-09-26

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