FI123589B - piling method - Google Patents

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a piling method according to which: - reinforcing concrete piles are punched into the ground, which are pivotally connected to each other in the course of piling so as to obtain 10 sufficiently long combined piles, rock or the like, - once the composite reinforced concrete pile has been struck to the desired depth, the pile is cut off at the desired point and the excess reinforced concrete pile is removed.

According to the known piling method, 20 soil areas to be piled are subjected to a preliminary soil survey in order to determine as accurately as possible the depth of the desired bearing layer, such as rock, at various points in the area to be piled. In this case, the lengths of the reinforced concrete piles can be chosen so that there are as few cuts as possible to be cut. However, in this case, a large number of piles of different lengths must be available and then the most suitable lengths for the pile site to be selected. However, the manufacture and storage of numerous reinforced concrete piles of various lengths necessarily increases

-n · J

? the stock of piles of piles is unreasonably high, co cvj making the value of the stock and its inventory costs too expensive.

CL

CD

° 35 However, in practice, the result of the soil survey is not always very accurate, whereby the rock or other bearing layer may in many places be at different depths than it should be according to the soil survey. As a result, many reinforced concrete piles have to be cut long even though initially the lengths of the piles were pre-selected to best match the piling depth. Since cut-off piles can no longer be used in piling, the pile losses are high, which causes a lot of unnecessary material costs.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a firing method which does not have the drawbacks described above.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PILLING METHOD OF THE INVENTION

The pileing method according to the invention is characterized in that the pile driving is started by using a truncated reinforced concrete pile section, 20 - that the truncated reinforced concrete pile section is punched into the ground with the truncated end first and, if necessary,

25

An essential advantage of the piling method according to the invention is that also portions of the reinforced concrete pile can be utilized in piling. The material loss of the reinforced concrete piles is then substantially less than that of known manes.

C/O

C \ J

THE APPLICATION OF THE PILING METHOD OF THE INVENTION-

dosage form

C/O

£ 35 for a piling method according to the invention

C/O

o The preferred embodiment is characterized in that a disc shoe, rock tip or other end piece is attached to the truncated end of the truncated reinforced concrete pile before it is hit to the ground.

In this case, the end piece protects and reinforces the severed end of the fractured concrete pile 5 as it penetrates into the ground and hits a bearing layer such as rock.

Another advantageous embodiment of the piling method according to the invention is characterized in that the piling uses reinforced concrete piles of the same length, or most preferably similar, having at each end a connecting member for attaching thereto another concrete pole.

It is particularly advantageous for the piling method that only one type of reinforced concrete piles of the same length and otherwise the same is required. It significantly reduces the size of the required pile warehouse, thus significantly reducing the value of the warehouse and storage costs. Nowadays, at least one is needed. plate shoe-25 strong, rock-toe piles and extension piles of various lengths.

APPLICATION SIMERKIT

The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings. The invention does not

" 'T

9 is limited solely to the sol CVJ embodiments shown in the figures.

x

X

Q.

CD

O

δ

C/O

o o

C \ J

4

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a prior art piling method 5 in a situation where piles are struck on the ground.

Figure 2 corresponds to Figure 1 and schematically illustrates a situation where the ends of piles are cut off at a desired height above the ground.

Fig. 3 corresponds to Fig. 1 and schematically shows a side view of the burning method according to the invention.

Fig. 4 is a top plan view of a reinforced concrete pile end piece and steels connected thereto. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a reinforced concrete pile head base plate and reinforced concrete pile end steels.

Figure 6 is a side elevational view of a reinforced concrete pile according to the invention.

Figure 7 is a side elevational view of a joint of two reinforced concrete piles according to the invention

Fig. 8 is a side elevational view of a reinforced concrete pile according to the invention, seen from one side 25 Fig. 9 is a side elevational view of two reinforced concrete piles to be joined together.

Figure 10 is a vertical sectional view of the ends of the steel concrete piles of Figure 6 printed against each other.

CVJ

i'm 30.

S5 Fig. 11 corresponds to Fig. 10 and shows reinforced concrete slab cvj by welding connected to each other

Fig. 12a and 12b show a vertical section of a steel

CL

the tonal pole head and the attached 35 ° sliding tips.

Fig. 13 shows the end of the reinforced concrete pile and the rock tip of Figs. 12a and 12b connected together

Figures 14a and 14b show in vertical section the end of a steel concrete pile and a spacer insert

Fig. 15 shows the spacer shown in Figs. 14a and 14b fitted to the end of a reinforced concrete pile

Fig. 16 is a vertical sectional view of a plate shoe fitted to the end of a reinforced concrete pile; Figs. 17a and 17b show a sectional view of a severed reinforced concrete pile end and a plate shoe fitting thereto;

Fig. 18 shows the plate shoe of Figs. 17a and 17b fitted to the end of a truncated reinforced concrete pile

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Figure 1 schematically shows in vertical section one of the currently used piling methods. According to the method, the piles of reinforced concrete are punched into the ground 30 through the earth layers 31 and 32 by a piling machine so that the end of the pile hits the load-bearing ground 33, such as rock. If the length of one pile is not sufficient up to the bearing ground layer 33, another pile is connected to its end. If this is not enough, a third one is connected, etc. This is continued until a sufficient depth is obtained with the combination pile thus extended.

However, despite the ground survey, co J

o can know how deep the reinforced concrete pile c \ j. 30 boils. It is because of the load-bearing layer

"fr J

? the depth in the soil varies. Figure 1 illustrates

CD

cvj guarantees that even after bottom surveys it is possible to estimate the actual length of all piles

CL

Tonta. That's why there are so many pile joints

CD

° 35 as necessary. In such cases, it is often the case that only a small part of the last joint pile goes to the ground. The reinforced concrete pile is then cut off near the ground, leaving a long lump that cannot be used for piling. Therefore, the material loss is high.

In Fig. 1, it can be thought that the piling is performed in the following order. First, the pile 51 is hit, which is continued with the pile 52. The stroke is stopped when the pile 51 hits rock 33. However, the pile 52 remains almost completely visible on the ground 30. Next, a new pile 53 is struck, which is continued 10 with the piles 54 and 55. Similarly, the next pile 56 is continued, which is continued with the pile 57. Similarly, the piles 58-60 and 61-62 are struck. In the situation illustrated in Fig. 1, all piles are knocked to the ground, after which they are cut all at once. Figure 1 shows that almost all piles have a long piece of ground visible and unnecessarily cut off.

Fig. 2 shows the situation after the piling performed in Fig. 1. Now follows a work step in which all the steel piles struck in the ground 31, 32 are simultaneously cut 30 times to a suitable length at the same height h above the ground 30. Figure 2 shows that all the top bones 52, 55, 57, 60 and 62 have to be cut off at their upper ends. After the operation, the truncated portions 52a, 55a, 57a, 60a and 62a of the piles are wastes that can no longer be used for piling in the known methods. Fig. 20-30 also shows that 12 piles 51-62 were required for the piling pattern shown in the figure, 35 of which left five wastes 52a, 55a, 57a, x 60a and 62a. Because many of these wastes cc are still quite long, so the proportion of drowning drowns 35 is considerable.

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic representation of the invention.

C \ J

a piling method in which truncated piles 7 are not wasted. In order to clearly discern the known piling method, Fig. 3 illustrates the same soil layer structure as in Fig. 1. The piling method 5 according to the invention is started in the same manner as the known method. The piling machine first punches the reinforced concrete pile 51 into the ground 30 and penetrates through the ground layers 31 and 32. Before the end of the pile 51 extends to the bearing layer 33, it must be extended by the second pile 52 of the ground.

When pile 51 hits rock 33, in the method of the invention, the excessively long upper end 52a of the subsequent reinforced concrete pile 52 is cut off 15 immediately. The cutting can be done, for example, by means of a rotary cutting blade in a pile machine, which is not shown in the figures. However, the truncated portion of the pile 52, i.e. the upper portion 52a thereof, is not discarded, but begins to strike the next pile. Two piles 53 and 54 are also required for the extension of this pile 52a. Again, an excessively long portion of the remaining pile 54 is again visible, whereby the excess 54a is immediately cut off again. This is followed by the same procedure, i.e. the striking of the next 25 piles begins with the truncated portion 54a.

In the manner described above, all piles are struck to give a similar piling pattern of $ 2 as in Figures 1 and 2. However, in the method of the invention, only nine piles 51-59 were needed for the same piling pattern and only a half cd 59a of the last pile remained. As a result, only three quarters of the piles needed in the known cc method were required for piling, which results in a considerable saving in the amount of piles used.

The preferred piling method of Fig. 3 is based on the reinforced concrete pile according to the invention, the ends of which are formed in such a way that the joint of the reinforced concrete piles can be made by welding the main steels of the piles to be extended together.

Fig. 4 is a top view of an end piece 20 of a reinforced concrete pile 10 of the invention formed by a base plate 21, its flanges 22 and recesses 27. The recesses 27 are troughs opening toward the pile side through which pile end blades inserted into the apertures 26 weld to the main steels of the pile to be extended. In order to strengthen the joint, adjacent to the end steels are provided the gripping steels 12, which are already fitted in the end piece 20 to 15 in Fig. 4.

Figure 5 is a perspective view of the end piece 20 of the reinforced concrete pile 10 of Figure 4. The figure shows that the ends of the gripping steels 12 are at different positions relative to the plane of the base plate 21. In this way, the guiding effect of the gripping steels 12 is achieved when the piles are placed end to end and the bonding steels 12 and the end steels are welded by welding of the piles as shown below.

25

Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of a reinforced concrete pile 10 according to the invention, both ends of which are provided with end caps 20, or extension boxes 20 according to the invention, shown in Figs. In other respects, the pile body 10 corresponds predominantly to a conventional cd reinforced concrete pile which is preferably square in cross-section. The pile 10c then has four terminals 11 cast into the concrete 18 and surrounded by a steel threaded hook 13. The end faces 20 of the end pieces 20 at each end of the pile 10 are formed by the pile 10.

C \ J

21. The end pieces 20, i.e. the extension boxes, have recesses or recesses 27 at which the end steels 11 appear outside the end piece 20 to join the piles together by welding.

5

Figure 7 shows the connection of the two reinforced concrete piles 10a and 10b shown in Figure 6. The figure shows that at the junction 40 of the piles, the end pieces 20 and their bottom plates are against each other 10. Also, the ends of the end steels 11 passing through the end pieces 20a and 20b of both piles 10a and 10b are opposite. Figure 5 now illustrates the significance of the recesses 27 of the end pieces 20. Because the ends of the end steels 11 of both piles 10a and 10b are upside down and at the recesses 27 when viewed from the side, the end steels 11 can be welded to one another through the recesses 27 by welding joint 14. The reinforced concrete piles 10a and 10b are thus joined to each other.

20

Fig. 8 is a view from another direction of the reinforced concrete pile 10 of Fig. 6. In the figure, the end-pieces 20 of the reinforced concrete pile 10 are welded to the end steels 11 and the adhering steels 25 adjacent thereto by welding joints 16 and 17. Concrete 18 is then cast around the steels.

Fig. 9 shows the ends 30a and 10b of the reinforced concrete piles 10a and 10b of Fig. 8 in vertical section with the ends of the piles 10a and 10b close to each other before the piles 10a and 10b are connected to each other. At the ends of both piles 10a and 10b are x box-shaped end pieces 20a and 20b formed by the bottom plates 21 and 21b and the edge panels 35 to remove 28a and 28b. In addition, the end pieces 20a and 20b have recesses 27 and openings through which the ends of the end blades 11 are exposed.

c \ j 10

Figure 9 also shows that through the openings in the recesses 27 of the end portions 20a and 20b of the reinforced concrete piles 10a and 10b, the ends of the additional steels 12a and 5b appear in addition to the end steels. The gripping steels 12a and 12b are relatively short steel bars cast in concrete at the ends of piles 10a and 10b. They may also be welded to the end steels 11 by welding seams 16 and to the end pieces 20a and 20b by welding seams 17.

10

The purpose of the gripping steels 12a and 12b is to provide additional strength at the junction of the piles 10a and 10b. Most preferably, the gripping steels 12a and 12b on opposite poles 10a and 10b are positioned 15 such that the gripping steel 12a at the end of the second pile 10a is slightly out of the end, and the gripping steel 12b at the opposite pile 10b is slightly retracted. In this way, the gripping steels 12a and 12b form guides acting in the same way as the protruding pin and the corresponding recess 20.

Fig. 10 shows a situation in which the ends of the reinforced concrete piles 10a and 10b of Fig. 6 are pressed against each other so that the piles 10a and 10b are continuous. Hereby, the bottom plates 21 of the end pieces 20a and 20b and the ends of the end blades 11 face each other ^ 30. Also, the ends of the gripping steels 12 are slightly opposed to the ends of the end steels 11.

CC

Fig. 11 shows welding seams made during the connection of reinforced concrete piles 10a and 35b. At the joining point, through the recesses or troughs 27 of the end pieces 20a and 20b, the end joint 14 of the end steels 11 and the end joint 15 of the stiffening steels 11 12 can be welded sideways, while the overlapping end steels 11 and the stiffening steels 12 are welded together 14 to 15. The overlap welding between the steels of the end steels 5 and the steels 12, together with their end welds, ensures the strength of the welding of the reinforced concrete piles 10a and 10b. After all, the welding joints shown above are at each of the four 10 corners of the pile, at each of the end steels 11.

Figures 16a and 16b show a solution for connecting a rock tip 70 to the end of a reinforced concrete pile 10 according to the invention. The rock tip 70 then has protrusions and openings that fit into the protrusions and openings in the end piece 20 of the reinforced concrete pile 10. The rock tip 70 is welded to the end steels 11 and the reinforcing stiffeners of the reinforced concrete pile 10 in the same way as the two reinforced concrete piles 20 according to the invention are joined together.

Fig. 13 shows a rock tip 70 connected to the end of a reinforced concrete pile 10. The figure also shows welding seams between the rock tip 70 and the end-slabs 11 of the reinforced concrete pile 10 and the gripping steels, at least a part of which is made through the recesses 27 opening towards the side of the end piece 20. co δ 30 Figs. 14a and 14b show a spacing piece 71 for insertion into the end of a reinforced concrete pile 10 according to the invention. The x spacer 71 with holes or recesses is necessary if the reinforced concrete pile

DC

lun 10 has protruding gripping bars 12 and q 35 has to be punched at the end of the pile.

δ co In Fig. 15, the spacer 71 is positioned

CM

to the upper end of the reinforced concrete pile 10 according to the invention.

12

In Fig. 16, a separate, box-shaped plate shoe 41 is connected to the lower end of the reinforced concrete pile 10 of the invention, the purpose of which is to protect the pile end 105 when the pile end penetrates the ground. The plate shoe 41 is not necessary when the soil to be piled is soft. On the other hand, the plate shoe 41 may also be replaced with a conical rock tip to ensure even greater endurance of the pile head during stroke 10, as shown in Figure 13. However, in the solution of Figure 16, the gripping steels associated with the end steels 11 of the reinforced concrete pile 10

Figs. 17a and 17b show the connection of a plate shoe 41 to a truncated reinforced concrete pile 10 or to a pile without an end piece or extension box. In this case, the plate shoe 41 is provided with a pin that holds it in place. In Figure 18, the lees 20 of the le-20 are positioned at the end of the reinforced concrete pile 10.

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various embodiments of the invention may vary within the scope of the following claims.

co δ

CM

cp

CD

CM

X

X

CL

CD

O

δ

C/O

o o

CM

13

REFERENCE NUMBERS

10 reinforced concrete pile 11 end steel 12 adhesive steel 13 threaded hook 14 end steel welding 15 interlock steel weld 16 weld steel seam 17 weld seam to wall 18 concrete 19 overlap weld 20 end piece 21 base plate 22 border 23 trough 24 wall 25 bottom 26 hole 27 recess 30 ground 32 ground layer 33 rock 40 joint co 41 plate shoe ° 51-62 piles g 5 70 rock tip i to 71 spacer

C \ J

i cc

CL

CD

O

δ

C/O

o o C \ l

Claims (2)

1. Paalutusmenetelmä, jonka mukaan - maahan lyödään jatkettavia teräsbetonipaaluja (10) . only yhdistetty teräsbetonipaalu (10) on lyöty haluttuun syvyyteen, niin paalu catkaistaan halutusta kohdasta ja ylimääräinen teräsbetonipaalun osa poistetaan, tunnettu siitä, 15. aä paalutuksessa käytetään sellaisia jatket siihen, etä paalun (10) lyöminen maahan aloitetaan 20 käyttämällä katkaistua teräsbetonipaalun osaa (10b), joka edullisimmin on paalutuksessa ylimääräiseksi jäänyt paalun osa, ja young katkaistusta päästä tällöin puuttu 25. että katkaistun teräsbetonipaalun osan (10b) katkaistuun päähän liitetään levykenkä (41), kalliokärki tai muu päätykappale ennen sen lyömistä maahan. 5. one catkaistu teräsbetonipaalun osa (10b) lyö- c \ j. 30 there maahan katkaistu pää nobellä, S5 _ja että tarvittaessa katkaistun teräsbetonipaacco c \ j lun osan (10b) jatkoksi sen yläpäähän liitetään jr seuraava teräsbetonipaalu (10a). CL CD ° 35 2. Patent tivaatimuksen 1 mukainen paalutusmenetelmä, o. . co tunnettu siitä, one paalutuksessa käytetään ° samanpituisia tai edullisimmin samanlaisia jatketta via teräsbetonipaaluja (10), the joiden molemmissa piisä on edullisimmin compares the liitoselimet (20) toisen teräsbetonipaalunit liittämis co δ c \ j o CD C \ l X cc CL CD O δ CO o o CM A peel method, according to which the concrete concrete piles (10) to be jointed are ground into the ground, in connection with the piling, the ends of the piles are jointed end to end, so as to obtain a sufficiently long jointed concrete concrete pile, the tip of which the pile is inserted when the desired supporting soil layer (33), such as rock or the like, 10. when the bonded reinforced concrete pile (10) has been wrapped to the desired depth, the pile is broken at the desired location and the overflow portion of the reinforced concrete pile is removed, characterized in that such pile concrete pellets (15) are used. 10) to be joined which includes a joint member (20) at each end to join a second reinforced concrete pile to it, the wrapping of the pile (10) into the ground is initiated by using a broken portion (10b) of the reinforced concrete pile, which is preferably a portion of the pile left over by the pile, and the joint member (20) thus being taken from its broken end, a disc shoe (41) ), rock shoe or any other end piece is attached to the broken end of the broken part (10b) of the concrete concrete pile before it is entered into the ground, c. 4. the broken part (10b) of the concrete concrete pile is inserted into the ground with the broken the end first, 00. and that the following reinforced concrete pile (10a) is attached as a joint to the upper end of the broken part of the cd reinforced concrete pile (10b). o δ co o 35 2. The peel method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pile is used with the same length or preferably the same reinforced concrete piles (10) to be spliced, which at each end preferably have the same jointing means (20) for adding a second concrete pile to the the. co δ c \ j o CD CM X IX CL CD O δ CO o o CM