FI122261B - Elevator - Google Patents

Description

ELEVATOR

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to an elevator as defined in the preamble of claim 1.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Elevator ropes are most commonly braided of metal yarns or strands and have a substantially circular cross-sectional shape. One problem with metal ropes, due to the material properties of the metal, is its high weight and high thickness relative to its tensile strength and tensile stiffness. Also known as belt-mounted elevator ropes, which are wider than thickness. Previously, 15 are known e.g. solutions in which the load-carrying part of the elevator strap is made of metal wires, which are covered with a soft material that protects the wires and increases friction between the belt and the drive wheel. Because of the metal wires, the problem 20 of such a solution is high weight. On the other hand, the solution disclosed in EP1640307 A2 proposes the use of aramid braids as a load bearing part. One problem with aramid material is moderate tensile stiffness and tensile strength. In addition, the behavior of aramid at high temperatures is problematic and poses a security risk. Another problem with braided solutions is that braiding reduces the rigidity and strength of the rope. In addition, the braided fibers can move cm relative to one another during the bending of the rope, i

jk; 3 0 which increases fiber wear. Tensile stiffness and i cm temperature resistance are also a problem in the solution disclosed in POT / FI97 / 00823 x, where the load bearing part is not the use of aramid fabric surrounded by polyurethane.

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§ 35 PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION

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cm The object of the invention is to eliminate e.g. the aforementioned drawbacks of known solutions. The object of the invention is to provide e.g. one or more of the following advantages: 2 -Achieving an elevator with a lightweight rope and high tensile strength and tensile stiffness in relation to its weight.

-Achieve an elevator with a higher temperature resistance to the rope.

5 - A lift having a high thermal conductivity combined with a high operating temperature is achieved.

- A lift is obtained which has a simple belt-like structure on the rope and is simple to manufacture.

- A lift is obtained having a rope comprising one or more parallel straight load-bearing portions, whereby bending behavior is advantageous.

-Achieving an elevator with a lightweight rope.

-The load carrying capacity of the sling and counterweight can be reduced.

15 -Achieving an elevator with lower moving and accelerating masses and axle loads.

- Achieve lightweight lifting ropes versus rope tension - Achieve an elevator with less rope amplitude and 20 oscillation frequencies.

-Achieving an elevator with a so-called. reverse bending rope can be implemented without significantly reducing rope life.

-Achieving an elevator having no rope discontinuity or periodicity, which makes the rope quiet and inexpensive in terms of vibration -Achieving an elevator having a good creep resistance because the structure is straight and the geometry remains substantially o constant in bending.

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^ 30 -An elevator with low internal rope wear is achieved.

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-Achieving an elevator with good high temperature resistance and thermal conductivity on the rope.

m -Achieve an elevator with good rope shear resistance of 35.

According to the invention, in elevator systems, the rope disclosed in the application may be used to support and / or safely move the elevator car, counterweight or both.

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According to the invention, the rope disclosed in the application is suitable for use in both counterweight and counterweight lifts. It can also be used in conjunction with other lifting equipment, for example 5 crane ropes. The lightness of the rope is particularly useful in acceleration situations, since the energy required by changes in the speed of the rope depends on its mass. Lightness is also useful in rope systems where separate compensation ropes are required, since the need for compensation ropes 10 is reduced or eliminated. The light weight also facilitates handling of the ropes.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The elevator according to the invention is characterized by what is presented in the characterizing part of claim 15.

Other embodiments of the invention are characterized by what is set forth in the other claims.

Inventive embodiments are also disclosed in the specification and drawings of this application. The inventive content of application 20 may also be defined otherwise than as set forth in the claims below.

The inventive content can also consist of several separate inventions, especially if the invention is considered in the light of the expressed or implicit subtasks or the benefits or groups of benefits achieved. In this case, some of the attributes contained in the claims below may be redundant for separate inventive ideas, and features of various embodiments of the invention may be applied in conjunction with other embodiments within the scope of the inventive concept.

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The lifting rope of the elevator according to the invention has a larger width

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^ as the thickness in the transverse direction of the rope. It comprises a load bearing member 35, which is a composite material, the composite material comprising non-metallic reinforcing fibers in a polymer matrix which reinforcing fibers are carbon fiber or glass fiber. The structure and 4 material choices allow for eg. lightweight lifting ropes, thin structure in the fold direction, good tensile strength and tensile stiffness and better heat resistance. Furthermore, the structure of the rope remains substantially the same in the fold 5, which contributes to a long service life. According to the invention, the elevator comprises a traction sheave, an elevator car, and a rope for moving the elevator car by means of a traction sheave, the rope comprising at least one rope having a width greater than the thickness in the transverse direction of the rope. The rope comprises a load-bearing part which is a composite material, the composite material comprising reinforcing fibers which are carbon fiber or glass fiber in a polymer matrix. This achieves an energy-efficient elevator. The traction sheave of the elevator can be 15 small in diameter. The elevator is also safe, reliable, simple and has a long service life. This way, the ropes are lightweight and inexpensive. It is possible to do this without the compensation ropes.

In one embodiment of the invention, the elevator comprises a diverting pulley, preferably a traction sheave, a portion of a first belted rope or rope, and a second pulley or rope portion facing a first rope or portion of rope, and said ropes 25 or rope portions disposed on the on top of each other. Thus, the ropes are compactly positioned on the flywheel and a small flywheel can be used.

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In one embodiment of the invention, the elevator comprises a set

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ropes arranged against the periphery of the drive wheel x £ side by side and on top of each other. In this way, the ropes are compactly positioned on the flywheel.

In one embodiment of the invention, the first rope or part of the rope is connected to a second rope or part of the rope against it by means of a chain, rope, belt or the like which wraps around the diverting wheel in the elevator car and / or counterweight 5. In this way, the speed difference of lifting ropes moving at different speeds can be compensated.

In one embodiment of the invention, the belt-like rope rotates a first pivoting wheel at which the rope folds in a first pivoting direction, after which the rope rotates a second pivoting wheel at which the rope folds in a second pivoting direction, the second folding direction being substantially opposite to the first folding direction. In this case, the rope spacing is freely adjustable, since variation in the deflection direction is less detrimental to a belt whose structure does not substantially change in the deflection. The properties of carbon fiber also contribute to this.

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In one embodiment of the invention, said reinforcing fibers are longitudinal, i.e. parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rope. In this way, the forces are distributed to the fibers in the direction of the traction force and, moreover, the straight fibers behave, for example, in a spiral order, or preferentially to the fibers located in the intersecting position. The load-bearing part consisting of straight fibers bound together in a polymer matrix retains its shape and structure well in the fold.

q In one embodiment of the invention, the load-bearing part

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^ the width is greater than the thickness in the transverse direction of the rope.

o ^ This allows the rope to withstand bends with a small radius.

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In one embodiment of the invention, the rope comprises a plurality of said load-bearing members side by side. In this way, the fracture susceptibility of the composite part can be reduced because the rope width / thickness ratio can be increased without increasing the width / thickness ratio of the individual composite part.

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In one embodiment of the invention, the reinforcing fibers are carbon fibers. This results in a lightweight structure with good tensile stiffness and tensile strength and thermal properties.

In one embodiment of the invention, the rope further comprises, at the outside of the composite part, at least one metal part, such as wire, bar or wire mesh. In this way the susceptibility of the belt to damage by cutting can be reduced.

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In one embodiment of the invention, the load-bearing part is surrounded by a polymer layer. This allows the surface of the belt to be protected and a sufficient friction coefficient to be applied to the rope.

15 PHOTO LIST

The invention will now be described in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figures 1a-lj each show schematically an embodiment of an elevator rope according to the invention.

Fig. 2 schematically shows an embodiment of an elevator according to the invention.

Figure 3 shows a detail of the elevator of Figure 2.

Fig. 4 schematically shows an embodiment of the elevator 25 according to the invention.

Fig. 5 schematically shows an embodiment of the elevator according to the invention having a condition monitoring arrangement.

? Figure 6 schematically illustrates an embodiment of the elevator C 1/1 · 2 of the invention having a condition monitoring arrangement.

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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Figures 1a-1j show schematically preferred cross-sectional views of the elevator ropes of the elevator according to the invention in their longitudinal direction. The rope (10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100) shown in Figures la-lj 35 is 7 straps, i.e., the rope has a first direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the rope, measured in thickness t1 and in the second direction, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the rope and to said first direction, measured at a width t2 which is substantially greater than the thickness t1. Thus, the width of the rope is substantially greater than the thickness. In addition, the rope preferably has, but is not necessarily, at least one, preferably two, wide and substantially flat surfaces, whereby the wide surface can be effectively used as a transmission surface using friction or positive contact, since a wide contact surface is thereby achieved. The wide surface does not have to be perfectly flat but may have grooves or projections or have a curved shape. The structure of the rope preferably preferably remains substantially the same throughout the length of the rope, but may not necessarily be arranged in the cross-section to be intermittently altered, e.g. The rope (10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100) 20 comprises a load-bearing part (11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81, 91) which is non-metallic a fiber composite comprising carbon fibers or glass fibers, most preferably carbon fibers, in a polymer matrix. The supporting member (or possibly supporting members) and the fibers are longitudinal to the rope 25, whereby the rope retains its structure when bent. The individual fibers are thus substantially oriented longitudinally of the rope.

^ Then the fibers are parallel to the force when pulling the rope, o

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The rope 10 shown in Fig. 1a comprises a cross-section of cm 30 over a load-bearing composite part 11 of rectangular shape surrounded by a polymer sheath 1.

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Alternatively, the rope may be formed without a polymeric sheath 1. 00 00 35 The rope 20 shown in Figure Ib comprises two adjacent load-bearing composite portions 21 of rectangular cross-section surrounded by a polymeric sheath 1. The polymeric sheath 1 comprises a rope 10 spaced halfway between a projection 22 for guiding the rope. In this way, there may be more than two composite portions in parallel, as shown in Fig.

The rope 40 shown in Fig. Id comprises a plurality of load-bearing composite portions 41, 10 of rectangular cross-section arranged side by side in width and surrounded by a polymer sheath 1.

The rope 50 shown in Fig. 1b comprises a load-bearing composite part 51 of rectangular cross-section having 15 strands 52 on each side, the composite part 51 and the strap 52 being surrounded by a polymer sheath 1. The strap 52 may be rope or strand and preferably of shear-resistant material such as metal. Preferably, the wire is at the same distance from the surface of the rope as the composite member 51. However, the metal shield 20 could also be of another type, for example, a metal bar or metal mesh adjacent to the composite member.

The rope 60 shown in Fig. 1f comprises a composite part 61 carrying a load 25 of rectangular cross-section surrounded by a polymer sheath 1. A wedge surface 62 is formed on the surface of the rope 60, preferably an integral part of the polymer sheath 1.

δ ^ 30 The rope 70 shown in Fig. lg comprises a load-bearing structure of rectangular cross-section.

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A -1 composite member 71 surrounded by a polymer sheath 1.

c The edges of the rope comprise bumps 72, which are preferably part of the polymer sheath 1. The advantage of the bumps is that they protect the edges of the composite part, for example, from fraying.

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The rope 80 shown in Figure 1h comprises a plurality of composite load-bearing portions 81 of circular cross-section surrounded by a polymer sheath 1.

The rope 90 shown in Fig. 1i comprises two adjacent load-bearing composite portions 91 of rectangular cross-section surrounded by a polymer sheath 1. The polymer sheath 1 comprises a rope 90 at a wide side between the portions 91 for grooving the rope. curved surfaces. The grooves can alternatively be used to guide the rope. In this way, there may be more than two composite members in parallel, as shown in Fig. 1j.

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The ropes shown comprise at least one continuous load-bearing composite part comprising synthetic reinforcing fibers embedded in a polymer matrix. The reinforcing fibers are most preferably continuous fibers. They are substantially longitudinal to the rope, whereby tensile stress is automatically applied to the fibers in their longitudinal direction. The matrix surrounding the reinforcing fibers maintains the relative position of the reinforcing fibers substantially unchanged. With its slight elasticity, it smoothes the force distribution on the fibers, reduces fiber-to-fiber contact and internal rope wear, thereby improving rope life. The possible longitudinal motion between the fibers is an elastic 5-section cut on the matrix, but the fold is essentially

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^ 30 stretching of the composite member materials and not movement ° relative to each other. Reinforcing fibers are most preferably

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carbon fiber, whereby e.g. good tensile stiffness and £ lightweight construction with good thermal properties. Alternatively lo for some applications a fiberglass reinforcement, g 35, which provides e.g. better electrical power. In this case also the tensile stiffness of the rope is slightly lower, so that small diameter drive wheels can be used. The matrix of the composite, into which the individual fibers are as homogeneously distributed as possible, is preferably epoxy, which has good adhesion to reinforcements and which exhibits good behavior with glass and carbon fibers. Alternatively, for example, polyester or vinyl ester may be used. Most preferably, the composite part comprises about 60% carbon fiber and 40% epoxy.

Advantageous properties of carbon fiber and glass fiber are shown in the following table. They have good strength and stiffness properties while also being highly heat resistant, which is important in elevators, as poor heat resistance of lifting ropes can cause lifting ropes to be damaged or even ignited, which is a safety hazard. Good thermal conductivity facilitates e.g. frictional heat transfer, thereby reducing excess heat of the drive wheel or heat accumulation in the rope parts.

__Glass fiber Carbon fiber_Aramid fiber

Density_kg / m3 2540 1820_1450_

Strength_N / mm2 3600 4500_3620_ Rigidity_N / mm2 75000 200000-600000 75000-120000

Softening temperature deg / C 850> 2000_450 ... 500, charring Thermal conductivity W / mK 0.8_105_0.05

Fig. 2 shows an elevator according to an embodiment of the invention utilizing a belt-like rope. Preferably, ropes A and B are in accordance with any one of Figures 1a to 1j. A plurality of belted ropes A and B rotate about the drive wheel 2 overlapping one another. Ropes A and B are belted and rope A is positioned ^ against the drive wheel 2 and rope B is positioned on rope A

^ 25 so that the thickness of each of the belt-like ropes A and B i ^.

o in the direction of the center of rotation of the drive wheel 2 is greater than in the radial direction of the drive wheel 2. G ropes A and B moving at different radii have different speeds. The ropes A and B running around the diverting wheel 4 attached to the elevator car or counterweight 3 are connected by a chain 5 which compensates for the difference in velocity of the ropes moving at different speeds. The chain is guided around a freely rotating diverting pulley 4 so that the rope can move, if necessary, at a velocity similar to that of the traction ropes around the diverting pulley.

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Alignment can be accomplished in other ways than by chain. The chain may be replaced, for example, by a strap or a rope. Alternatively, the rope A and rope B shown in the figure can be formed as a continuous rope without the chains 5 and 5 leading it to rotate around the diverting pulley 4 and back up, whereby a portion of the rope leans against another part which leans against the traction sheave. The overlapping ropes may simultaneously be adjacent to the traction sheave, as shown in Figure 3, whereby space utilization is efficient. In addition, more than two ropes may be guided over the drive wheel.

Figure 3 is a detail of the elevator of Figure 2, taken in the direction A-A of the section. A set of overlapping ropes is provided adjacent to the traction sheave 2 15, each overlapping rope comprising a plurality of webbing ropes A and B. with the projection u guiding the ropes. The drive wheel wherein two adjacent projections thus form your relationship groove-like guide surfaces ropes A and B. The projections preferably reach at least the surface of the drive wheel 2 in order to view the last 25 on top of the rope of material thickness B of the mid updated. The drive wheel of Fig. 3 can, of course, also be implemented without projections or with differently shaped projections. Of course, the elevator described can also be implemented if desired, such that the traction sheave has no ^ 30 adjacent ropes but only overlapping ropes r ^ · 9 A, B. The overlapping arrangement of the ropes allows for ^ compact construction and can be used in the axial direction

Er as measured by a shorter drive wheel.

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Fig. 4 shows a rope rope lift according to an embodiment o g of an embodiment of the invention, in which rope 8 is arranged o ...

cm in the reverse bending type, i.e. varying the direction of refraction when traveling from the drive wheel 2 over the refractory wheels 7 and 9. In this case, the rope spacing d is freely adjustable since the variation in the bending direction of Ϊ2 is not detrimental when using the rope according to the invention as it is non-woven, retains its structure in bending and is thin in the bending direction. At the same time, the rope 5 is preferably supported against the traction sheave over a distance of 180 degrees. The figure shows only the roping of the elevator at the articulated gear. From the diverting pulleys 2 and 9, the rope 8 may extend in accordance with any prior art to the elevator car and / or counterweight and / or to the fastening 10 in the elevator shaft.

Fig. 5 schematically illustrates an embodiment of an elevator according to the invention provided with a condition monitoring arrangement of rope 113, in particular condition monitoring of a polymeric coating 15. Preferably, the rope is similar to one of the ropes described above comprising an electrically conductive part, preferably a part comprising carbon fiber. The condition monitoring arrangement comprises a condition monitoring device 110 connected to the end of the rope 113 near its attachment point 116 to the load-bearing part of the rope 113, which is an electrically conductive, 110. The arrangement further comprises a conductor 112 connected to an electrically conductive, preferably metallic condition monitor means 110 110. Condition monitor means 110 connects conductors 112 and 114 and is arranged to provide voltage between the conductors. During the course of an electrically insulating polymeric coating, its insulability is reduced. Finally, the conductive portions of the inside of the rope o come into contact with the pulleys 111

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The circuit 30 between conductors 114 and 112 closes.

The condition monitoring device 110 further comprises means

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for detecting the electrical property LO of the circuitry formed by the conductors 112 and 114, the rope 113, and the pulley 111 g. These means may comprise, for example, a sj-35 sensor and a processor which, upon detection of a change o in their electrical property, alert themselves to excessive rope wear. The electrical property to be observed may be, for example, a change in the electric current or resistance 13 passing through said circuit, or a change in magnetic field or a change in voltage.

Fig. 6 schematically shows an embodiment of an elevator 5 according to the invention provided with a condition monitoring arrangement of the rope 119, in particular a condition monitoring of the load-carrying part. The rope 119 is preferably similar to one of the ropes described above, comprising at least one electrically conductive part 117, 118, 120, 121, preferably a part of carbon fiber 10. The condition monitoring arrangement comprises a condition monitoring device 110 connected to a electrically conductive part of the rope 119, which is preferably load-carrying. The condition monitoring device 110 comprises means for transmitting a voltage or connected part.

Based on the response signal, preferably by comparing with predetermined thresholds by means of a processor, the condition monitoring device is arranged to determine the load carrying part in the region between the input of the excitation signal and the measurement point of the response signal.

The conditioner is arranged to trigger an alarm if the response signal does not fall within the desired value range.

The response signal changes as the electrical condition of the rope load-bearing part changes, such as resistance or capacitance. For example, due to fractures, the increasing resistance changes the response signal, from which the load-bearing part is considered to be 9 malfunctioning. Preferably, this is arranged in accordance with Fig. 6c, with the condition monitoring device 110 at the first end of the rope 119 connected to the two load-bearing parts 117 and 118 connected at the other end of the rope 119 035 by conductors 122. the condition of both parts 117, 118 simultaneously. In the case of a plurality of monitored objects, the interference caused by adjacent load-bearing parts to one another can be reduced by connecting non-adjacent load-bearing parts 14 to each other via wires 122, preferably each other being connected to one another and condition monitor 110.

It will be appreciated that the cross-sections 5 described in the application may also be utilized in ropes in which some other material, such as metal, is used instead of the composite. It will also be appreciated that the rope comprising the straight composite load-bearing member described may have a cross-sectional shape other than those shown, for example circular or oval.

It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which illustrate the invention by way of example, but that many modifications and various embodiments of the invention are possible within the scope of the inventive concept defined in the claims below. Thus, it will be appreciated that the ropes shown may have a toothed or other pattern on the surface to provide a positive contact 20 to the drive wheel. It will also be appreciated that the rectangular composite portions shown in Figures 1a-lj may have more rounded or non-rounded edges than shown. Correspondingly, the polymeric sheath of the ropes may have more rounded or non-rounded edges than shown. It is also clear that other types of belts than those shown may be used in connection with the solutions of Figures 2, 3 and 4. It is also clear that carbon fiber and glass fiber o can be used in the same composite portion of ri 930 if necessary.

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Claims (10)

Elevator, comprising a traction sheave (2), a power source for rotating a traction sheave (2), for moving the elevator car (3) and a rope carriage (3) by means of a traction sheave (2) comprising at least one rope (8, A, B, 10). , 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100) having a width (t2) greater than the thickness (t1) in the transverse direction of the rope, characterized in that 10 ropes (8, A, B, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100. comprises a load-bearing part (11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81, 91, 101) of a composite tim the composite material comprises reinforcing fibers, which are carbon fiber or glass fiber, in a polymer matrix. Elevator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said reinforcing fibers are longitudinal to the rope (8, A, B, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 20 90, 100). Elevator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the load-bearing part (11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71, 91, 101) has a width greater than the thickness of the rope (8, A, B, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 90, 100) in the transverse direction. δ CM rl Elevator, cp (M, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rope (8, A, B, 20, 30, x 30 40, 80, 90, 100) comprises a plurality of said load bearing parts CC (11, 21, 31, 41, 91, 101) side by side, tn sj o Elevator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rope (50) further comprises at least one metal part (52), such as a wire, a bar or a net, outside the composite part. Elevator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the load-bearing part (11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71, 91, 101) is surrounded by 5 polymer layers (1). Elevator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the elevator comprises a plurality of said ropes (8, A, B, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 10 70, 80, 90,100) arranged against the circumference of the traction sheave. side by side. Elevator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the elevator comprises a first belted rope or rope portion (A) against a diverting pulley, preferably a traction sheave (2), and a second belted rope or rope portion (B) against the first rope or rope portion. ), and that the ropes or rope parts (A, B) are disposed on the circumference of the diverting pulley (2), viewed from the direction of its divergence radius. Elevator according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the first rope or part of the rope 25 (A) is connected to a second rope or part of the rope (B) opposite it by a CVJ i rotating about the diverting wheel in the elevator car (2) and / or counterweight. with a chain (5), a rope, a belt or the like, o C \ J Elevator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rope (8) rotates a first diverting pulley (2), at which point the rope (8) deflects in the first deflection direction, after which the rope (8) rotates the second. a diverting pulley at which the rope 35 (8) deflects in a second deflection direction, the second deflection direction 5 being substantially opposite to the first deflection direction.