FI120723B - Method and apparatus for separating hard material - Google Patents

Description

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SEPARATION OF HARD MATERIAL BACKGROUND ART

The invention relates to a method and a device for separating hard material in a rotor 5 rotor, which is used to rupture solid material in order to reduce the size of the material. Such shredders are also called crushers or hackers depending on their more specific use. Here they are all called rappers.

In rotor-equipped rappers, which are used to reduce the amount of wood-based material 10, the single largest cause of wear is the hard soil, sand, and rocks that come with the feed. In order to separate sand and pebble from the actual feed, the material is often fed through a disk screen before tearing. Quite often, the tear roller has some kind of feed roller, and is often deliberately sparse to allow the passage of fines and sand.

15 The wafer screen and the few feed rollers are reliable devices, but they do not effectively remove the sand from the feed.

Description of the Invention

A method and apparatus for separating hard material from a rupture material and use of a method and apparatus for rupture of woody material have been invented in accordance with the independent claims. Other claims disclose some preferred embodiments of the invention.

• ·: According to the invention, the material is first fed by overlapping • * · ·, ···. a nipple formed by the pre-tearing rotors through which it passes and from which it is transferred to a separate main torsion rotor. Preferably, the pre-tearing rotors have solid teeth and rotate fairly quickly to effectively give the material to be crushed sand and shock shaking. Ideally, the teeth • · * ·; ** rise clearly from the rotor surface and do not necessarily have to be very picky or sharp as they are intended primarily to break the surface of the material and: *** · surface discontinuities to which sand and soil adhere. Underneath the lower • · · *, 30 pre-wound rotors, there is a perforated diaphragm, from which the fines escape * ·· * [tear. The actual feed continues its journey to the tearing stage on the main rotor.

* * The gap between the sheath and the lower pre-torsion rotor is preferably relatively large, for example 0.02 to 0.15 m. In this case, both will not wear as much, but the 2 teeth will seem to confuse the fine material on the grate. If the rotor teeth hit larger stones, the stone will be broken into smaller pieces, thereby separating at least some of the larger rock material. Advantageously, the preload rotors are rotated at a relatively high speed, for example at a peripheral speed of 4 to 15 m / s. Advantageously, the material is fed to the pre-shear rotors at a significantly lower speed of movement, for example up to 1 m / s. In this case, the material is subjected to a pull as it advances to the pre-shear rotors, which promotes sand removal.

The method advantageously affects the shredding process by removing sand and stone and reducing wear on the main rotor blades, whereby the main rotor produces a uniform size of 10 pieces and its power requirement remains more constant. The method is easy to implement, particularly with the various feeders of the horizontal feeder.

The gap between the jacket and the lower pre-tumbler rotor is preferably smaller than the gap between the lower and upper torsion rotor, but still allowing material substantially larger than the final desired piece size to be wound back to the pre-tapping nip. The diaper holes are smaller than the grate outlet holes on the main rotor. The material exiting the diaphragm holes is usually combined with the torn material obtained from the main feed rotor.

The speed of the best pre-shear rotor is adjustable. Thus, the sand separation can also be controlled by speed.

*: **: 20 The material is best brought to the pre-shear rotor by pushing the conveyor. This provides a steady supply current which can also be easily adjusted.

: * '* · The conveyor is preferably a horizontal belt or roll conveyor.

··· * * The lower pre-wobble rotor has an upper peripheral plane preferably higher than the · ·: conveyor transport plane.

• * • · 25 It is advantageous if the spacing of the pre-shear rotors is adjustable. The spacing is best .. adjustable so that the top rotor is vertically movable.

The invention is suitable for use in rappers used to burn incinerators. tearing wood-based material. For example, stumps and logging residues often carry sand and rocks.

30: A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described in greater detail.

In the description in the drawings, FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a tear.

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The main parts of the tear-off of Fig. 1 are the feed conveyor 1 for the material to be torn, the pre-ripple having the pre-rupture rotors 2 and 3, and thereafter the main ratchet having the main rake rotor 4. The feed is wood-based material, especially logging residue. The speed of the feed conveyor 1 is adjustable.

5 The pre-tumbler has superimposed lower rotor 2 and upper rotor 3 which rotate in opposite directions so as to transfer material from the feed conveyor 1 to the main torsion rotor 4. The peripheral rotor 2 has torsion teeth 5, the upper rotor 3 has torsion teeth 6 and the main rotors 6. wide.

The lower rotor 2 and the upper rotor 3 form a relatively loose pre-tapping nip. The upper rotor 3 can be moved vertically further to adjust the nip gap. The conveyor 1 is a horizontal belt conveyor, by means of which a flow of material is pushed into the pre-spreading nipple. The upper plane of the peripheral rotor 2 is slightly higher than the surface of the conveyor 1.

The circumferential velocity of the pre-tearing rotors 2 and 3 is substantially greater than that of the conveyor 15 when tearing. This is how the pre-tapping nipple pulls the material in.

The pre-tearing rotors 2 and 3 have relatively large and strong claw-like tearing teeth 5, 6 which adhere well to the feed and uneven bodies (such as roots and branches) and break them smaller. In the pre-tearing nip, the material flow is evened out, especially in the transverse direction, evenly over the entire tear width. Also stones ·: · *: 20 will be crushed.

··: ** · The lower rotor 2 is surrounded on the underside by a jacket 8 having counter-teeth 9 and their • »·

The holes 10. The gap between the lower rotor 2 and the sheath 8 is smaller than the gap between the lower rotor 2 and the upper rotor 3, but still relatively wide. The openings 10i: ': are so small that they cannot escape through material of the desired final size: ***: 25. At the end of the feed conveyor 1 on the sheath 8 is a horizontal portion 11 which forms a feed table slightly above the level of the conveyor.

«« *! • · «

From the pre-tearing rotors 2 and 3, a part of the material becomes m. * · *. thrown sideways to the main rotor 4. Some of the material again passes between the lower rotor 2 and the sheath 8, where the finest material exits the openings 10 and the rest of the material returns to the pre-tapping nipple.

··· ^ *. ·. : Pre-cracker also effectively separates sand (including pebbles and heavier sandy * * · loam). In the pre-shredding, the sand that comes with the material loosens. Before and during the nip, the sand that is loosened in the nip tends to fall on the sheath 8 and out of its hole 10.

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Larger stones, on the other hand, are crushed in the nip and in the gap between the pre-tumbler rotor 2 and the sheath 10 into smaller pieces which escape from the openings 10. The sheath 10 thus acts as a separating screen.

The gap 5 between the housing 10 and the teeth 5 of the pre-tearing rotor 2 is relatively large (e.g. 0.02-0.15 m depending on the material to be crushed and the desired piece size). In this way, the teeth 5 as if loosening the material, and the wear of the teeth and sheath 8 is reduced.

The teeth 5 protrude clearly from the surface of the lower feed rotor 2. They are sturdy, but do not necessarily have to be very picky or sharp, as they are intended mainly to break the surface of the material and the discontinuities of the surface to which the sand and soil adhere.

The pre-tearing rotors 2 and 3 rotate quite rapidly (peripheral speed e.g. 4 to 15 m / s) so that its teeth 5 and 6 effectively impart shock and vibration to the material being tear-off, promoting sand removal.

The removal of sand is also facilitated by the fact that the upper point of the periphery of the lower feeder rotor 2 is higher than the surface of the feed conveyor 1. This enhances the impact of the material as it enters the tear nipple.

The circumferential velocity of the main rotor 4, when torn, is significantly higher (e.g., 4-15 m / s) than that of the preload rotors 2 and 3. Thus, when the width of the main rotor 4 is the same as m '20 of the pre-rotors 2 and 3, correspondingly high capacity is achieved.

: ** · The diameter of the main rotor 4 is larger than that of the pre-rotors 2 and 3. The axis of the main rotor 4 · · · is approximately the height of the nip formed by the pre-rotors 2 and 3.

• m. . The main rotor 4 has specially adapted tearing blades 7. The main rotor 4 is surrounded on the bottom by a grate 12 having counter-blades 13 and outlets therebetween 14. The tear gap formed by the main rotor 4 and the grate 12 is substantially smaller than a gap between the front torsion rotor 2 and the housing 8. The tear gap affects the ejection size and quality of the material to be removed. Thanks to the effective sand removal of the pre-tearing * ... ϊ buy the wear of the tearing blades 7 is tolerated despite the high circumferential, · * · speed of the main rotor 4. Through the outlet openings 14, the main stream 30 of the torn material is obtained. It is connected to the flow of material obtained through the holes 10.

• ·

The sheath 8 and the grate 12 are connected by a separation threshold 15. It thus determines the point where the material moves between the main feed rotor 4 and the grate 12 to be torn. The separation threshold is somewhat below the nip of the pre-shear rotors 2 and 3. The grate 12 extends above the rotors 2, 3 and 4 as a cover 16.

The invention described herein can also be applied to other types of rappers within the scope of the claims.

5 * · • • • 1 · 1 * · • · 1 · 1 · · · · 1 ft. · ♦ 1 · · • «« «1 1 ♦ 1 1 1 1» 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Claims (7)

A method of separating this material into a tear intended to reduce the piece size of a material, the material being measured in a nip formed by 5 tearing rotors (2, 3) and moving therefrom to a main tearing rotor (4), characterized in that the material measured in a nip consisting of tearing rotors (2, 3. located on each other and removing the cured substance via heels in a perforated sheath (8) located beneath the tearing rotor (2). The method of claim 1, wherein the material is measured in the nip formed by the tearing rotors (2, 3) with a conveyor (1). Apparatus for separating said material into a tear intended to reduce the piece size of a material, including tearing rotors (2, 3) and a main tearing rotor (4), wherein the material to be tipped is measured in a nip formed by tearing rotors and is moved therefrom to the main tear rotor, characterized in that the tear rotors (2, 3) are located on each other and that the device comprises a sheath (8) located below the lower tear rotor (2) and including heels (10) through which this material is removed. 20 Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the gap between the tearing rotor (2) and the manifold (10) is 0.02 - 0.15 m. 5. Device in a ripper according to any of claims 3 or 4, connected to a conveyor (1) for feeding material by sliding it into a nip formed by the tearing rotors (2, 3). »· · · ··· Device according to any of claims 3-6, characterized in that the peripheral speed of the tearing rotors (2, 3) is 4 -15 m / s. Use of the method according to claims 1 or 2 or the device according to any of claims 3 to 7 in a shredder used in the shredding of wood-based · · * · *: material, in particular of wood-based materials to be burned. ··· 7 • · • • · · · ««