FI120435B - burn Order - Google Patents

Description

Burning device

The present invention relates to a combustion apparatus specifically intended for combustion of pellets, briquettes, chips, chips 5 and / or similar small-scale material utilizing natural combustion air supply, including a permeable bottom structure such as a perforated plate, mesh, grille or the like. for supply of air, and a jacket structure surrounding the furnace over the bottom substrate 10, comprising a substantially uniform sheet structure such that the cross-sectional area of the radially enclosed furnace delimited therewith decreases in height from the base structure.

15

For the purpose described above, it is known today to use, for example, a combustion apparatus in which a base of an ash pan and grate is provided with a cylindrical sheath portion made of grate sheet or mesh, wherein the primary air is transported to the combustible material below the grate. Such a construction can only be used in a protected space, such as a furnace or fireplace, since the flames pierce the grate 25 of the burner casing.

The disadvantage of this type of solution is therefore that it can only be used under well-protected conditions, and here again, monitoring of the combustion event is required, since the grate from the structural mantle portion is free of sparks. In addition, one disadvantage of this solution is that the combustion does not occur as efficiently throughout the furnace as air is allowed to flow through the mantle portion to the edges of the most efficient material to be burned. For this reason, it may not burn sufficiently, especially in the central part. Thus, the disadvantage of this solution is not only the fumes caused by poor combustion 2, but also the presence of easily non-combustible substances, which can last for quite a long time. For this reason, this burner must always be carefully shut down after use 5 and that no combustible material remains.

On the other hand, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 3,384,066, 3,934,520, 4,026,265 and 3,307,506 disclose portable burners of the type described in the prior art, e.g., for camping use, having a jacket structure surrounding a furnace over a grate comprising a substantially uniform plate structure the cross-sectional area decreases in the upward direction from the base structure.

In the first three solutions, the casing structure comprising the fire housing comprises a frustum cone made of a thin sheet of metal 20 with a so-called perforation at its upper edge. for mixing the secondary air with the combustion gas before it leaves the main combustion chamber. Further, in the solution according to US 3,307,506, the primary air below is introduced into the furnace 25 into the combustible material in a height direction above the base plane of the bottom reactor by means of a torn manifold in the middle of the reactor. In the solution of U.S. Patent No. 3,934,520, primary air is introduced into the combustible material 30 in a conical or upwardly angled grate structure. Further, the combustion apparatus according to U.S. Pat. No. 4,026,265 includes a support arrangement located above the combustion gas outlet for utilizing the heat above the furnace.

U.S. Patent No. 4,026,265 discloses a combustion apparatus specifically designed for burning briquettes utilizing a natural 3 combustion air supply. The combustor includes a bottom structure comprising an air-permeable hole plate for supplying primary air below. On top of the base structure is a casing structure surrounding the furnace, comprising a substantially uniform sheet structure. The cross-sectional area of the closed furnace, defined radially by the jacket structure, decreases in height from the base structure.

Further, US 5,842,463 discloses an incinerator specifically for combustion of small-scale material utilizing natural combustion air supply. The combustion apparatus includes a bottom structure comprising an air-permeable grille for supplying primary air below. On top of the base structure is a shell structure surrounding the furnace, which forms the furnace. At the top of the furnace is a post-combustion space into which secondary air flows from the air vents at the top of the jacket structure.

20

The above-mentioned solutions do not bring a significant improvement to the small-scale solid fuel combustion, because the conically converging furnace alone cannot provide a sufficiently efficient combustion. due to impure combustion, smoke formation and accumulation of non-combustible material and ash on the grate.

The purpose of the combustion device 30 of the present invention is to provide a decisive improvement on the foregoing problems and thereby substantially increase the state of the art. To accomplish this purpose, the combustion apparatus according to the invention is essentially characterized in that the jacket structure 35 comprises a second overlapping, partially overlapping, portion of the first structural member containing the furnace, which acts as a post-combustion space at the outlet of the first structural member. secondary air through the air duct.

The most important advantages of the combustion device according to the invention are its simplicity of construction and operation, which enables it to be used safely and efficiently, so that the incinerated batch can be burned evenly and independently without any extra measures. The technical advantage of the combustion apparatus according to the invention is based firstly on the fact that the second structural part of the jacket structure above the furnace provides sufficient backpressure with respect to the furnace% 15, thereby providing an The burned air is then effectively mixed with the combustion gas in the post-combustion post-combustion space, whereupon the burnt-out combustion gas is only discharged from the exhaust outlet of the second component. Thanks to the above, the efficiency of the combustion process can be optimized by increasing the residence time of the combustion gas in the furnace.

Combustion is achieved completely without smoke hazards and the accumulation of non-combustible material on the grate also due to the sufficiently high combustion temperature provided by the construction of the invention, which is partly a consequence of secondary air preheating as it flows in hot state through the post combustion space. The accumulation of ash on the grate is also minimal.

Other advantageous applications of the combustion device according to the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims.

5

In the following description, the invention will be illustrated in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional elevation of a preferred combustor according to the invention; 10 Fig. 2 shows a preferred cross-sectional shape of Fig. 2 - FIG. 2, 15 illustrates an advantageous base structure embodiment of the combustion apparatus according to the invention and a lower heating space associated therewith; FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of FIG. 3 from up to 25; FIG. 5 illustrates a preferred embodiment of a combustion apparatus according to the invention; and Figure 6 is a front view of the embodiment of Figure 5.

The present invention relates to an incinerator specifically for combustion of pellets, briquettes, chips, chips and / or similar small-scale material utilizing a natural combustion air supply comprising an air-permeable bottom structure 1 such as a perforated plate, mesh, grille or the like. for supply of primary air I, and a jacket structure surrounding the furnace RS on top of the bottom structure. The jacket structure comprises a substantially uniform sheet structure such that the radially enclosed furnace RS defines a cross-sectional area in the height h upwardly from the base structure 10. Referring in particular to the exemplary vertical sectional view shown in Fig. 1, the casing structure includes a second structural member 2b overlapping, partially overlapping, the first structural member 2a containing the furnace RS, which acts as a post-combustion first structure of the casing structure 2a. 2, with secondary air passing through the surrounding secondary air channel SC, as shown in Figure 2.

In a combustion apparatus according to the invention, the casing structure comprising the furnace RS comprises, in a preferred embodiment, a severed cone made of a substantially thin metal sheet. Thus, the first structural member 2a and the second structural member 2b formed on top thereof in the hood direction, e.g. as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, are cones of substantially similar shape, forming a substantially uniform radial direction extending elongated along said sides 2a, 2b. flow chamber SC, in particular for conducting secondary air II according to the principle shown in Figure 1, substantially tangentially to the combustion gas 35 flowing from the furnace RS, enhanced by its ejector effect.

In a further preferred embodiment of the combustion device according to the invention, the diaper structure is arranged in a substantially integral unit by integrally connecting the first and second structural elements 2a, 2b according to the principle shown in Figure 2 perpendicular to the oblique, K

The combustion apparatus according to the invention further preferably includes a base structure for supporting the base 10 of the combustion apparatus, in particular with reference to Figures 1, 3 and 4, a heating space below the base structure 1 is provided for utilizing the radiant heat transmitted from the base structure 1.

In this connection, the base structure BS preferably comprises, for example, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, a substantially vertical peripheral structure, in particular for providing a wind shield for the underside heating space 20 HC, such as a support arrangement 5 radially located within the base structure; 5b on a supported radiant heat element 5; 5a, which in the embodiment of Fig. 4 is a curved radiation damper 5; 5a. It is also possible to use the radiator damper as an additional wind shield, which can be connected to the stand structure 25 vertically. Advantageously, the pedestal structure is shaped without necessarily having to have a separate support arrangement 5b, but it is possible to support the lower radiation element used directly on the edges 30 of the pedestal structure BS.

In a further preferred embodiment, the combustion apparatus includes a support arrangement positioned above its exhaust opening for utilizing heat 35 above the furnace RS, wherein the combustion outlet opening EO is formed by an open upper opening of The heating support comprises an elongated arm which can be connected at different positions in height, e.g. by means of a spring-locked adjuster 4, to a handle 2bl in the second component. It is also possible to place the heating bracket, detached by the handle, in the heating space below, eg the radiation damper 5; 5a for heating or cooking the food in a suitable cooking vessel over the heating support 3.

In a further advantageous utilization of the invention, the downstream supply of primary air I in the combustion apparatus is led to the combustible material 15 in the furnace RS in the height h above the base plane of the base structure. The distribution of primary air I in the height h to the material to be burned is arranged, for example, by the principle of Figs. As shown in Fig. 5, the perforated plate 1, which acts as a grate, is shaped such that, when viewed from above, it is preferably rectangular in shape and slightly sloping downwards at its leading edge. This also leaves a completely free space for the primary air in front of the hole plate. Further, the leading edge of the perforated plate 1 is preferably provided with upward bending to stiffen the leading edge of the perforated plate and to retain the combustible material on the grate. Alternatively, it is also possible to form a curved leading edge in the perforated plate which abuts the front of the wall of the first component. In such an embodiment, it may be advantageous to provide under the perforated plate e.g. In the embodiment according to Figures 5 and 6, an upwardly extending ledge IL is provided on both sides and at the rear edge of the perforated plate, from which the perforated plate 9 is fastened, e.g. In this case, primary air can also be transported upwardly into the material to be burned upwards on the fixing sides of the hole plate 1. The substantially planar structure 5 of the central grate facilitates homogeneous loading and cleaning of the grate.

Further preferred embodiments, with particular reference to Figures 1 and 2, are the overlapping structural members of the combustion apparatus, such as the first and second structural members 2a, 2b forming the secondary air duct SC, or the second and tertiary third forming a tertiary air duct not shown in the drawings), the cross-sectional shapes are substantially continuously curved, such as oval or circular, and / or angular, such as triangular, square or polygonal.

Further, as a preferred embodiment of Figures 1 and 5, there is provided an openable hinged door 2al provided with a handle on the wall of the first structural member 2a, particularly for maintenance, loading, ignition and / or the like. In addition, it is possible to connect the hatch 25 to the first component so that the opening in the jacket structure can be, for example, partially open during combustion.

In a further preferred embodiment, the combustion device is arranged to be portable by providing it with an upper carrying handle 2bl and / or a base handle BS1 with a base N1, for example, and / or at least partially disassembling by providing associated parts such as base structure 1, a radiation damper 5a, a frying stone and / or the like, and / or an overhead support arrangement 3 for removable, such as screw-locked K2 or, for example, with a quick-lock principle for connection to the solid body of the combustion apparatus.

It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described or described above, but that it can be modified within the scope of the present invention according to the particular applications and uses. Thus, first of all, it is clear that the dimensions of the combustion device according to the invention can be chosen to suit the particular application and be constructed in a variety of different bottom shapes, thus also allowing the combustion of a slightly larger solid fuel. Further, it is possible to provide the combustion device according to the invention with separately engaged carrying handles or with arrangements thereon which are pivotable by joints or the like when moving the combustion device by means of pivots or the like, in case of loading or burning. In addition, it is of course obvious that the first structural member of e.g. the jacket structure may be arranged, e.g., slightly wider at its upper end, which slows down the rate of combustion gas as it enters the afterburner.

Claims (10)

1. Burner, intended specifically for burning pellets, briquettes, wood sticks, wood chips and / or a corresponding nebulizer by utilizing natural combustion air inlet, to which the burner has an air-permeable bottom structure (1), such as a hotplate, a net, a cross-section or equivalent for sub-frontal entry of primary air (I), and a fireplace (RS) surrounding sheath structure, which comprises a substantially uniform plating structure, such that the cross-section of the electric city closed by the same and in the radial direction. (RS) reduced in the height direction (h) from the bottom structure (1), characterized in that the tile structure belongs to a first structure part (2a), which extends above a fireplace, overlapping a distance from the second structure part (2b), which functions as a post-combustion chamber (ΔΒ) with the help of secondary uft (II), which drives through a secondary air duct (SC), which is formed by the structural members (2a, 2b) and which surrounds a removal opening (GO) of the first structural member (2a) in the radial direction. Burning device according to claim 1, wherein the fireplace (RS) containing sheath structure comprises a truncated cone made of substantially thin metal plate, characterized in that the sheath part forming the first structure part (2a) and in the height direction (h) above the second structure part (2b). ) are cones of substantially the same shape, forming a substantially uniform radial direction between the said structural members (2a, 2b) on the sides, along the same elongated continuous flow space (SC), in particular to conduct substantially secondary air (II) in substantially radial direction. tili from the fireplace (RS) flowing combustion gas effected by its ejector effect. Burning device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the casing structure is arranged as a substantially uniform unit by firmly interconnecting the first and second structural members (2a, 2b) and, when viewed in a cross-section perpendicular to the height direction (h). , in an eccentric manner with one another, through a connection (K1) existing in relation to the burner. Burning device according to any of the above claims 1-3, which includes a support structure 15 for supporting the burner on the ground, characterized in that a heating space (HC) located below the bottom structure (1) is arranged in connection with the support structure (BS). ) to utilize radiant heat dissipated from the lower side of the bottom structure (1). 5. Burning device according to claim 4, characterized in that the support structure (BS) comprises a circuit structure which is substantially in the 25 'height direction (h), in particular to form a wind protection for the lower preheating space (HC), such as a radiant heating element (5); 5a) which has been encountered on the support structure or on a support device (5; 5b) which has been placed within the support structure. 30 Burning device according to any one of the preceding claims 1-5, which includes a carrier device which is to be placed above the burner exhaust gas opening for utilizing heat from the upper side of the fireplace (RS), characterized in that the burner removal gas opening (EO) is formed an open upper opening of the second structural portion (2b) of the shell structure, wherein the carrier, which is arranged in conjunction with it, comprises a heating support (3) which can be placed above the opening in an adjustable position in the height direction (h) by means of control means (4). ). 5 Burning device according to any of the above claims 1-6, wherein the lower primary air (I) has been directed to the blank to be burned in the fireplace (RS) in the height direction (h) above the base level of the bottom structure 10, characterized in that the distribution of the primary air (I) in the height direction (h) of the blank to be burned is provided by interconnecting the bottom structure (i) with sidewalls of the first structural portion (2a) of the shell structure with a trap device (IL) which protrudes upwardly from the base structure of the bottom structure. Burning device according to any of the above claims 1 to 7, characterized in that cross-sectional shapes of the structural parts located on the one another of the corresponding sheath structure, such as the first and second structural parts (2a, 2b) forming the first secondary air duct (SC), or tertiary air duct forming the second structure portion and a third structure portion located in the height above it, are substantially continuously curved, such as elliptical or round, and / or angular, such as triangular, square or polygon shaped. 30 9. Burning device according to any one of the preceding claims 1-7, characterized in that, in the casing structure, as in the wall of the first structural part (2a), there is provided an open door (2al) in particular for servicing, inserting, igniting the fireplace and / or for a similar purpose. Burning device according to any of the above claims 1-9, characterized in that the burning device is arranged portable by equipping it with handles (2bl, BS1) and / or at least partially detachable by providing for the same belonging parts, such as the bottom structure ( 1), the lower preheating space (HC), such as a radiation plate (5a), a stepping stone and / or the corresponding, and / or the upper carrier (3, 4), to be interconnected with the solid body of the burner in a removable manner, as by a screw connection (K2) or according to the quick-loading principle.